Voz pasiva

Actividades y Prcticos
19/07/2012 6to ao Prof. Romani Magali

 LEER
Los trabajos prcticos son obligatorios y se deben entregar en la fecha estipulada. NO se van a aceptar trabajos con ms de 2 integrantes. El nico grupo de tres es el siguiente: Almang Gustavo/Ferrero Santiago y Rodrguez Agostina. NO van a ser corregidos trabajos prcticos que tengan exactamente las mismas respuestas.

Hay dos tipos de voces, la voz activa y pasiva. La VOZ ACTIVA se utiliza cuando queremos focalizar en la persona que realiza la accin (el SUJETO). Pero cuando queremos dar ms importancia a la ACCIN y no a quien o que la realiza se utiliza la VOZ PASIVA. La voz pasiva se puede formar en los distintos tiempos verbales, pero nos vamos a focalizar en el presente simple, pasado simple y con verbos modales. Para formar la voz pasiva se utiliza el verbo TO BE + EL PARTICIPIO DEL VERBO PRINCIPAL.

Cmo formar la voz pasiva?

Identificar el sujeto, verbo y objeto de la voz activa. El objeto de la voz activa se transforma en sujeto de la voz pasiva. Pasar el verbo de activa a pasiva agregando el auxiliar segn el tiempo ms el participio. El sujeto de la activa se convierte en el agente de la voz pasiva. se introduce con la preposicin BY.

PRESENTE SIMPLE: En presente simple la forma es IS/AM/ARE + PARTICIPIO. El auxiliar que se use va a depender siempre del sujeto pasivo, es decir si esta en tercera persona singular (Is), primera persona singular (am) y tercera persona plural, primera persona plural y segunda persona singular (are), VOZ ACTIVA:

Many students
(Subject)

use
(Verb)

computers.
(Object)

VOZ PASIVA:

Computers
(Passive subject)

are used BY many students.

(Verb) (Agent)

Magazines
(Subject)

use
(Verb)

pop singers as models.

(Object)

Pop singers
(Passive subject) PASADO SIMPLE

are used as models BY magazines.

(Verb) (Agent)

En el pasado simple se usa WAS/WERE + PARTICIPIO. VOZ ACTIVA:

The students
(Subject)

cleaned
(Verb)

the blackboard
(Object)

VOZ PASIVA:

The blackboard was cleaned By the students.

VOZ ACTIVA:

They
(Subject)

bought
(Verb)

the newspaper
(Object)

yesterday
(Adverb)

VOZ PASIVA:

The newspaper was bought yesterday by them

VERBOS MODALES Se forma con el VERBO MODAL (CAN, COULD, WILL, MIGHT, MAY, MUST, SHOULD) + BE + PARTICIPIO.

VOZ ACTIVA:

The teacher

will mark

our tests

VOZ PASIVA:

Our tests

will be marked

by our teacher.

VOZ ACTIVA:

He

cant find

his glasses.

VOZ PASIVA:

His glasses

cant be found

by him.

Cuando se usa la voz pasiva?

Cuando se quiere focalizar mas en el objeto que en sujeto. Ej: The President was killed in 1998. Cuando el agente que realiza la accin no se conoce. Ej: All flights were cancelled because of the bad weather. (No se sabe quien fue la persona quien cancel los vuelos)

Cmo se traduce la voz pasiva?

Si es voz pasiva en presente se traduce de la siguiente manera: El castellano se habla en muchos pases.

Spanish is spoken in many countries. Si es voz pasiva en pasado simple:

The letter was written by John.

La carta fue escrita por Juan.

Si es voz pasiva con verbos modales, como se traduzca va a depender del mismo:

The book will be published this summer. The car should be washed this weekend. A car can be stolen.

El libro ser publicado este verano. El auto debe ser lavado este fin de semana.

Un coche puede ser robado.

TRABAJO PRCTICO N1
THE PROCESS OF MAKING CHAMPAGNE First, the grapes ................................ (pick) by hand and checked carefully. Only perfect grapes ........................... (use) to make champagne. Then, the grapes ............................ (press). 160 kilos of grapes ......................... (use) to produce 100 litres of juice. After that, the juice ........................... (leave) to ferment and become wine. Next, different wines ................................ (blend) to produce the house style. Yeast and sugar ............................... (add) to the wine and it ............................ (bottle). This results in a second fermentation, and bubbles ............................... (produce). A sediment ............................. (produce) by the second fermentation. This .............................. (remove) in two stages, first remuage, then dgorgement. The remuage ................................ (carry out) either with computer-controlled machines or by hand with the traditional remueurs. The bottles of champagne ............................... (turn) at regular intervals until they are upside down. In the next stage, dgorgement, the neck of the champagne bottle ................................. (freeze), and the frozen sediment .................................. (remove). Then, a little champagne and sugar ............................... (add), and the champagne ........................... (leave) to mature. Finally, the bottles .................................. (label) and the corks ............................... (insert). Then the champagne ............................. (sell) all over the world! Champagne Facts. Did you know...? Since the beginning of the 20th century, more champagne has been exported to the UK than to any other country, except in 1992. In that year, the highest total................................ (sell) to Germany. In the 17th century, many bottles of champagne........................................ (lose) because the glass was not strong enough to resist the pressure. The problem ............................... (solve) when verre anglais .................................. (introduce). This was a much stronger glass which ................................. (produce) in Britain in the 17th century. Some champagne houses ................................ (hit) very badly by the Russian Revolution. Ten per cent of total champagne production ................................... (import) by Russian royalty and aristocracy before the Revolution. This market disappeared overnight. Champagne ................................. (sell) in eleven different bottle sizes. The smallest is a quarter bottle and it contains twenty centilitres. The biggest, which ............................. (call) a Nebuchadnezzar, contains sixteen litres, and is the equivalent of twenty normal 75 centilitre bottles. A Short History of Ice-Cream: It .......................... (know) that sweet dishes ............................ (cool) with snow and ice in ancient times. These ........................... (enjoy) by the rich and powerful such as Alexander the great, the Egyptian Pharaohs, and the Emperor Nero. Sorbets, or water ices, .............................. (know) since the 16th century, when they ........................ (introduce) in Florence. However, real ice-cream, made with fresh cream or milk, ............................. (produce) for the first time in the 1630s by Gerald Tissain, the French chef of the British king, Charles I.

During the 18th century, ice-cream .................................. (eat) regularly at fashionable ice-cream cafs in London, Paris and other great cities. It was still a great luxury, though. It .............................. (know), for example, that George Washington spent $200 on ice-cream in just two months in 1790. The cost ......................... (reduce) when the first ice-cream factory ................................. (open) in 1851 by another American, George Fussel. Since the 19th century, though, it has been the Italians who ............................ (see) as the great ice-cream makers. In the mid-19th century, for example, ice-cream .................................... (sell) in the streets of London by as many as 30,000 Italians. The Italian methods ............................. (learn) by many others since those days, and so today excellent ice-cream ............................. (make) and ................................... (enjoy) all over the world.

ACTIVITIES: 1- Completar los textos con la voz pasiva en presente simple o pasado simple segn corresponda. 2- Elegir uno de los textos y traducirlo.