BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW

Volume One

Dedzcated to the Prznc@Ze of I~teZZzgentand Vohntary Motherhod

MARCH 1917
Number Two

THE BROWNSVILLE BIRTH CONTROL CLINIC

HUNGER-STRIKING AGAINST AN UNJUST LAW

Fsfteen cents a copy

One dollar a year

Published monthly Subscription prlce o n e dollar a year foreign countries a n d C a n a d a $1 50 postpaid Bundle r a t e s ten coples For a dollar $9M) p e r hundred n o t r e t u r n a b l e NOTICE When requertlng change of address always glve the old address as well Owned and published by MARGARET SANGER FREDERICK A BLOSSOM and ELIZABFrtl S N Y V E S A M B I R T H CONTROL ORGANIZATIONS I N FOREIGN B I R T H CONTROL CENTERS I N T H E U N I T E D STATES COUNTRIES Ann Arbor. M t c h ~ g a a MISS Sallle Clarkson. Tappan Road The Fedcratlon of Neo-Malthusian Leagues. The Bcrth Control Lragur of Mamchwetts, Boaton. Mass 687 Boylston Street Mrs Oakes Ames, presldent J Chester D r Altce Drysdale V~ckery,Presldent Crandell secretary C O N ~ E N T BODIES CIevdaad, O h a The Bwth Control League of O h ProfesENGLAND (1877) -The Malthusian League Dr Blnnte sor Alfred F Bosch, 1611 East 73rd Street, presldent Dunlop, Queen Anne's Chambers, Weshn%;:% ndon. S.W Denva, CoL Mrs May Courtney Wey, 1633 Court Place Penodlcal, The Mdthusaan Detrott, MI& D r Anna Karlrn 161 Canfield Avenue HOLLAND (1885) -De Nleuw-Malthuslaanxhe Bond Secretary, Dr 2% J Rutgers, 9 Verhulststraat. Den Haag PenoLcal, Het Gel- Los Angeles CaL Ltllran J Haley 6 6 Kenslngton R o a d Gcorgla Kotsch 933 Everett Street. lukk~gHuwgean Bwth Control League Mrs GERMANY (1889) 4 o z 1 a l Harmon~srhe Vereln Secretary. Herr ad Mmeapohs, M t m The M~nueapolu Helm C T h o m m , 1208 Vlncent Avenue N secretary Hausmelster, Stuttgart Perlodeal, Dw Sonale Hannome FUNIE(1895) -4 Hardy. 29 Rue P~xerecourt.P a n r Perlodlcal, New YO& T h Bwfh Control Leagw of New York, 104 Fifth Genhat~on Conscsentc Avenue Dr Frederick A Blossom prestdent M Louise Hunt secretary SPAIN(1904) -L!ga EspaAola dc Regeneraclon humana Secretaq, SeAor LUIS Bulffi Calle Provenza 177. Pr2l la. Barcelona PenThe Comm~Hee One T h o w a d Dr Ira S Wlle 230 West of odrcal, Salud y Fuerxa (nth Strcct, charinan B m r u r r (1906) 4 q u c NCo-Malthuslenne Secretary, Dr Fernand The M o t k g Bcrth Conk01 Lragtu of B r d k 16 Ambq Mascaux, Eehevm, Courcdles Penodrcal, GCnCmhm ConStreet, Brooklyn snmte, 87 rue de la Duee, Pans XX The N a h d Bcrth Control League 880 Madison Avenue Mrs ~~~~~ND (1908 -Groupe Malthuaen. Secretary, Valmtm Augusta Caw, secretary Grandlean. 101) k u e des Eaux-Vlves, Geneva PmoLcal, Lu The Wornam's Comm~ttee of One Hundred Mrs Amos Vu I n h w Plnchot 9 East 81st Street chalrman B o a ~ x u - A u s r n u(1901) -Secretary, Michael Kacha, 1164 Zrzhov, P a i n d e Ohio George E Allen 125 South State Street Prague. Zadmhy Wtason, N J Willlam D Walker 1139 Madlson Street POPTUOAL-E Sllva, Junlor, L da Memona, 46 r/e, ~hsbon PmP~ttsburgh & The Bwth Control League of Western P m odlcal, Pas r Lsberdade panfa Mrs Clarence Rashaw, secretary, 117 L~nden B u n . (1905) 4 e c c l o n brasllena de propaganda Seaetanea, venue Edgewood, Plttsborgh 'Manuel Yosmsa, Rua de'Bento P ~ r e s29, San Pablo, Antonlo Domuu ez, Rua Vlzeande de Moran a p u 25, RIO de Janemm Portland, Ore. The BsHh Control League of Portland H C Uthoff, 652 Elllott Avenue, presldent Mrs J R Oatnun CUM (19ol$u--~ecclb de propaganda. &retary, JosC Guardrok 549 Fifth Street secretaw Empedrado 14, Havana SWEDEN (1911) 4 a l l s k a p e t for Humamtar Barnalstnng Presr- R d e s t a . N Y A. I Homer. 8a7 Parsdls Avenue S t ~ o a i s . . ~ o Clara Taylor, 5663 Page Avenue dent. Mr Hlnke Bergegren Vanadlsvagen 15, Stodmolm V e FLEMISH BELGIUM (191%) -National Verbond ter Regdng van het St Paul, Mina The Msnnesota State firth Control League Kmdertal Presldent, 'M L van Brussel. Rue de C a d ,. 70. Mrs N M Thygeson 894 Laurel Avenne, general chalrman . Louvaln The Bwth Control League of Son FrauSan Francisco Cal ITALY (1913) -Legs Neomalthusrana Italrana Secretary Dr Lurgl c~sco239 Geary Street Mrs L H Montgomery 1263 E 37th Buta, Vla kmarmora S, Turm Pcnodlcd, ~ ' h d u c ~ o n r Street E Oakland Hts , presldent Carolme Nelson organizer Sessvole Seattle, W s . The S&le ah Bsrth Control League Mtnnle h a - L l g u e Neo~MJthusrenne, Yuson du Peuple, 10 Rampe Rtmer 19 West Thomas Street, secretary Magenta. Alger Spokane, Wash. Mrs L l l ~ a n Fassett, 2127 Paclfic Avenue Summtt, N J Rev Franklln C Doan Trenton N T Dr Lewls Aiiaustus Young 28 South Broad Streat secretary'9'7 of Waslungton, D C The Bwth Control League of the D ~ s t r ~ c t Es~zrssTaS T U ~ E S A N T . Treasurer, C o l u m h Mrs Anna Wexler, The Hudson, 14th and S Streets The Bzrfh Control Revlew, N W , presrdent rog Fzffh Avenue, New York NOTE-We ask our fnends to help us make thrs D~rectoryas comEndosed find one dollar ($I 0 0 ) for one plete as possible -Ed. REVIEW, year's sub~ozj5f1on THE BIRTH C O N ~ R O L lo to degzrt m f h the tssuc of EDITORIAL NOTICE Because of lack of space we have been obhged to omlt the department enbtled What the Bwth Control Leagues Are Do~ng We expect to print m next months Issue a full report of the movement m the vanous centers of actlvlty, mth specla1 nobce of the l q s l a trve campaigns In Massachusetts Mlmesota and Callfornra and the strong movement launched In Los Angeles and by the Woman's Club of Chlcago

66Stonewalls do not a jrzson make, nor zron bars a cage."

"1 am mt ai all ulthappv

Lm@ thmghts seem prmnltg tn t me and protect me from o

from prison letter from Margaret Sanger, February 9, 1917

other thoughts"-Extract

The Bwth Control Rmew

GROWTH OF THE BIRTH CONTROL MOVEMENT IN THE U. S.

Fredemk A Blossom
Exactly three years ago, a lone woman, filled wlth a vlslon of the new era whlch 1s dawnmg for her sex, set forth with the courage of a Joan of Arc to combat the enemy In a fearless publ~catlon, The Woman Rebel, repeatedly s u p pressed by the postal authont~es,she sounded a clar~oncall to the women of Amerlca to arlse and assert thew rlght to the d~gnlty sndependence of From the beginning Margaret Sanger realized the fundamental ~mportanceof what she very early entltled "blrth control " She saw clearly that economlc independence, CIVIC and industrial justlce, equal~ty the sexes 1n the eyes of of the law and the church would be of httle avail wlthout freedom from "the slavery of involuntary motherhood" Here and there an occaslonal male champ~on,from Ezra Heywood and Moses Harman to Jacob1 and Roblnson m our own tme, had ralsed hls volce 1n meffectual protest agamst the enforced Ignorance of Amencan women I t rema~ned a tramed nurse, herself one of the workmg class for to announce In the first a r t d e of the first number of her publ~cation, wlth that unswerving d~rectness whlch has always been a marked character~st~c Margaret Sanger's of be methods "It w~ll the a m of The Woman Rebel to advocate the prevention of conception and to smpart such knowledge tn the columns of this paper" Seven of the nlne Issues of The Woman Rebel were suppressed bv the enhghtened paternalism of our post office nepartment but the b ~ r t hcontrol Idea, hke John Brown's soul, has gone "marching on" untll to-day, w ~ t hthe sole exceptton of the temporary war flurry, ~t 1s unquestionably the most universally discussed top^ throughout the length and breadth of thls land After centurtes of officially fostered Ignorance, the women of Amenca know at least illat unwelcome motherhood 1s unnecessary Under the lnsplratlon of Margaret Sanger's leadersh~p, ' b ~ r t hcontrol leagues" have been organ~zedln a score of crtles and states to work for more humane and modem legtslation on thls top~c Flve such organ~zatlons exlst 1n New York Clty alone Two bllls have already been Introduced at Albany and two more are in course of preparation A Paclfic Coast Federation of Blrth Control Leagues 1s projected and an eastern federation wlll undoubtedly be consummated in connection w ~ t hthe annual charltles conventlon to be held In Pittsburgh t h ~ s spnng A national organlbe zatron w~ll the next loglcal step A steadlly increasing number of a r t d e s on b ~ r t h control In both popular and scientific publ~cattons,the most noteworthy of the recent ones being those of Profesror Warner F ~ t e the Internatwnd Journal of Efhrcs, Dr S A Knopf tn In the Survey and Professor Robert J Sprague In the lournal of Heredrty, attest the growlng Importance of the famlly hm~tatlon Idea Even that model of cautiousness, the city &tor, so careful not to polnt the way but merely to indlcate the trend of pvbllc opmron, IS feellng the new breath and, hke a wedgreased weathervane, changmg has posltlon to sult the prevailmg current Newspapers wh~ch few months ago could a scarcely find courage to prlnt the dreadful words "b~rth control" tucked away In the center of a news paragraph, are to-day bravely settmg them In cold type in thew headlmes * Birth control meetlngs are becomlng the order of the day and so thoroughly respectable that "first cltlzens" now occas1onalIy venture to be seen in attendance Clty clubs, women's socletles, pubhc forums are opemng them platforms to the dlscuss~onof the llmltatlon of offsprtng Sermons favormg the new gospel have been preached In several churches and synagogues The Woman's Club of Chicago IS cons~derlng establlshlng of a clmc In order to the test the law by "dtrect actlon" The corresponding orgamzatlon 1n more conservatlve New York, after two months of Lravall, has created a speclal birth control comm~ttee Altho~tghadherlng In the mam to ~ t s trad~tlonalrole of bhndfolded enforcer of exlstlng law, the bench 1s showmg sporadlc symptoms of an awakening to the changlng publ~c oplnlon on blrth control It 1s no longer an unusual occurrence for a more enltghtened judge to suspend sentence or acquit a vlolator of the present outgrown statutes Occaaonally a Wadhams of New York, a Philhps of Cleveland or a Stelk of Chlcago actually endorses the cnticlsm of those statutes The actlon of a Des Momes judge who judlclally adv~seda couple to secure and eat of the forb~dden frwt IS as yet rare and only too Ilkely to remaln so A surprlslng feature of the present status of the movement is the fallure of the social worker and the physman to gwe organ~zed support to a cause the deep and vital socral meaning of which cannot fall to strlke them at every turn In them dally work Indlvldual Instances of vislon and courage, however, offset the backwardness of thew professtonal organlzat~ons In tak~ngthe stand mdlcated by a sense of lustice and an mtelligent, far-seemg Interest In the welfare of humanlty Settlement workers, Jewlsh soc~alworkers, d~stnctnurses and occaslonal representatives of "organized chanty" are p a n g publlc endorsement to t h ~ s youngest but most vlgorous of "soc~al reforms," whlch has from the start recaved recognltlon amountmg almost to support from the Survey, officlal organ of the soc~al worker In Amenca That blrth control IS not a medlcal problem has been unmtentlonally made very clear by the actlon of the med~cal profession itself The untlrlng efforts of such men as Jacobl, Rob~nson,Knopf, Wlle and Goldwater and of practically the entire body or women physmans can only partly offset the effect of the three-to-one hostlle vote of the New York County Med~calSociety In convlnclng the publ~cthat thls important social problem cannot safely be left In the hands of thew profession They recently starned-lust onctthe Illy-wh~tepage of that watchful guardran of the morals of New England, the Boston Evenrng Trarcscnpt

The B a t h Control Reznew

It 1s clear that the b ~ r t hcontrol movement 1 entermg s upon a new phase The penod of agtatlon, necessary In order to arouse the publ~c mmd, 1s gradually gmng way to a per~odof constructwe work The ongmal alms of the leaders are changmg anmovement and the demands of ~ t s senslbly as the movement developes The first uncondlt~onal demand for the abrogat~onof all laws on thls subject 1s Lemg supplanted bv more deliberately cons~deredplans for maklng access~ble all who deslre ~tthe most reltable sclmto tlfic ~nstructlon the prevention of conception In Margaret Sanger's darmg expenment of a publlc blrth control clln~c open defiance of the law, coupled wlth HolIn land's thorough demonstrat~on the cllnlc ~dea, shown of has the country the pract~cal solutlon of the blrth control problem It must be evldent even to the most blmdly part~sanmembers of the opposlt~onthat the blrth control movement m thls country cannot be checked At best ~t can only be retarded at t h ~ s pomt or that The uli~matetr~urnphof the of pr~nclple rat~onalhmltatlon of offspring 1s as certaln as anythmg wtthm human reach It 1s as ~mmedlateas the cw11 enfranch~sement our women and wlll come hand-~nof hand w ~ t h that forward step When Margaret Sanger leaves her prlson on March 6th, unllke the Joan of old, martyred by the same mercilessly reactlonary forces of church and state, she wdl not go to the stake but wlll come forth a free woman, sp~ntually,Intellectually and physically stronger to resume her leadersh~p She wlll find the band of comrades not d~sorganlzedor d ~ s heartened, but Increased In numbers, confirmed In f a ~ t h and immeasurably strengthened In them devotlon to her as thelr leader In the fight to free humantty from the bondage of ignorance and superstltlon -Publrshed szmultaneously WI the New York Call

5
chanty worker, the penologrst, the speclal~st tuberculos~s, In epilepsy, bone deform~tles,heart and kldney d~seases,not duty to demand Tell us, only has the right but tt 1s h ~ s and at once, what we can do to prevent the mult~pl~catlon or the lmbecde, the epdeptr, the consumptive, the host of mental, moral and phys~caldefectrves and perverts who are Increasing so much more rapldly than the more nwmal mem" bers of the cornmun~ty And the economist swells the chorus w ~ t h righteous demand "Tell thls poor man and thls poor woman how they can keep the slze of them fam~ly w~thIn reasonable proportion to the size of thew lncome " But sclence 1s not able to answer at present w ~ t h complete authonty "Do so and so " Through prlvate endowment and publ~capproprlatlon, rn~lhons spent each year to help the farmer Improve the are qualrty of hls potatoes, corn and apples, to help the stock breeder r a w cattle that w~llhave better flesh and better pelts, cows that w~ll yleld more mdk, horses that wlll have better speed or stamma, sheep that wlll yleld more wool111 for the use of man But lf I wlsh to test out a certam method of contraceptlon on a serles of cases at my cl~mc, whde other observers are testlng out other methods at then clmlcs, and then after two or three years we wlsh to publlsh our combmed results to the sctent~fic world for further test and appllcat~on, 1s not only a v~olatlon the law pun~sh~t of able by fine and lmpr~sonment but, 1n thls state, the phystclan f 1s threatened wlth the further penalty o the revocation of hls llcense to practlce Is thls not almost unbel~evablep Just unaglne the sltuahon In every other field of sclentlfic endeavor and Invest]gatlon, the realms of art and sclence cooperate wlth each other to add even the smallest new Item to the sum of human knowledge I have read that Edison spent five mdlIon dollars and called to h ~ s ~ d botan~st,the geolog~st a the the chem~st,the explorer, the worker from every technical field, before he perfected the film for hls first commerc~al Incandescent lamp The Rockefeller, the Wldener and the Brady Foundations are devotlng mllllons of dollars to the mvestlgat~onof the problems of polyomylet~s,pneumonia, psorlasls and other allments The astronomer, the chemlst and the phys~clst,wlth the financ~al help of a Yerkes or a Lowell, work for years to determine the welght of Jup~ter and the number of ~ t satellites, the amount of hehum In the s sun, or the d~stanceof the North Star from ~ t s nearest nctghbor and the length of tlme ~t wlll take to travel from the furthest star t o the earth Yet when, after we~ghlngmy patlent and her thnee ch~ldren, I find that they are continuously undernounshed because the amount of her husband's lncome ts lnsufficlent to to properly feed, house and clothe them and I w ~ s h advlse her upon the length of t m e that should elapse before she adds another chlld to her famlly, I am a cnmlnal Is ~tnot ~nconcewable that lntelllgent persons should cla~m that such laws ought to remam on our statute books?
[EDITO~UAL NOTE.-Dr Goldwater made the mohon for the appointment of a committee of the New York County Medlcal Soclety to mvest~gatethe questlon of hrrth control from the mehcal polnt of vlew and presented the m o n t y report of that commlttec In favor of a revrslon In the present law I

THE NEED FOR FREE DISCUSSION OF BIRTH CONTROL METHODS

A L Goldwater, M D There 1s one phase of the subject of b ~ r t hcontrol that appeals, ~fnot exclusively, at any rate wlth the greatest force We are frequently asked by to the medlcal profession other medlcal men 'Tell me the very best and safest method of contraceptlon, one that 1s pos~tlvelycertam and at the same tlme free from danger to health, besldes bang acceptable from an aesthetic standpomt Are the best means chernlcal, mechan~cal or a combmabon of both?" Now, whlle I thmk that ~t IS posslble In any glven case to glve advtce that will meet the spec~allndlcattons and reqiurements of that case, the fact that so many mjurlous, harmful and unsafe methods and devlces are not only used by the 111-mformed la~ty,but even prescribed by expenenced physlclans 1 to my mlnd one of the strongest argus ments that can be advanced for removmg the vex1 of secrecy w t h whxh the law has enveloped the sub~ect If there u no deal method of blrth control, then there ought to be The eugenlst, the soc~olog~st, hosp~taland the

l h e Bwth Control R m e w

T H E BROWNSVILLE BIRTH CONTROL CLINIC

Elqabetb Stuyvesant
Wzth ~IIustrcrfionsby WdZaam Sangrr

Perhaps we were conscious, ~ntellectually,that we were launchmg the most important soclolog.lca1 expenment slnce the establ~shmentof bab~es'dlspensar~es, when we opened the doors that crtsp morntng of October 16th to the fortyfive mothers who had walted patiently for the cornmg of Margaret Sanger As propagand~sts, too, m the first dramatlc thnll of that bold step, we may have felt that we were domg somethrng sure to arouse the attention of the Amer~canpeople and furnlsh a constructwe answer to the questlon of "b~rth control" But as four very human women, at the entrance of those forty-five earnest mothers, the b ~ g ,absorbing thmg for us was them unpell~nghuman appeal

although knowmg as well as the others what would be the legal consequences of her act As for me, ~t was hard to ~rnagrne any lllegahty m dotng for Margaret Sanger's clln~cwhat I had for several years of done for the Associated Charlt~es a large uty and for a cham of five day nurseries where the chddren of the poor were cared for whlle them mothers worked I t had even seemed a natural and stra~ghtforwardthmg to accompany Margaret Sanger whlle she purchased the necessary q u ~ p rnent for the c h n q the desks, cham, scrubb~ng brushes and soap, In addttlon to a set of the artlcles necessary to demonstrate to these mothers, most of them fore~gn-bornand all unused to medlcal terms, just what they should ask for at the drugstore The week preceding our "formal openmng" at 4 6 Amboy S t , Brownsvllle, Brooklyn, was spent vlsltmg the homes 111 that neighborhood to spread the news Thls was the only form of announcement possible, as we d ~ d not wlsh the pollce or Klng Comstock I1 to block the expenment before ~t had had a f a r chance The newspapers, wh~chhad ann o d t h s newest move In the fight for b ~ r t h control, were eager to dscover and pubhsh the address of the d m c , but In thls case we could not use that ally, so valuable ln the agltabon phase of any r e f o m , we had to carry the message ourselves to the women of Brownsvllle Wrth a small bundle of handbills and a large amount of real, we fared forth each morning In a house-to-house can\ass of the dlstnct where the dlmc was located Every famlly In that great sect~onrecaved a "dodger" prrnted In Fkgllsh, Y ~ d d ~ s h Itallan and

Can you atford to have a large femdy?

Do you want any more chddren? If not, why do you have them? Do not kdl, do not take Irfe, but prevent Safe, harmless mfonnabon can be obtcuned of tmned nurses at 44 Amboy Street
For weeks we had watched tlx plans for the d r n ~ c take shape, Mrs Sanger hav~ng come home from her study of the blrth control cllnlcs m Holland determmed to demonstrate tc~ Amenca the soc~al value of thls way of gettlng dean, rehable lnstructlon to those who need ~t most Her slster, Mrs Ethel Byrne, also a tralned nurse, had declared her readlness to sham m the work and In the legal responslbd~ty MISS Fanla Mmdell, Interpreter m three languages and one o the leaders In Chtcago's earllest mterest In b~rth f control, had wa~tedeagerly for t h ~ s opportumty to prove her f a ~ t h the ~dea, wl as her attachment to Mrs Sanger, m as el
Neu Palun Avo
BROOKLYN

Tell your fnends and ne~ghbors All mothers welwme A regmtrabon fee of iO cents enhtles any mother to th~s mformahon Mmgcrrst Songar
Brownsv~lle IS the most thskly populated sectlon of Brooklyn Here the workmg people llve Here are the dwellmg-places of the very poor, a whole city of Jewwh and Itallan mhabltants housed m the most assiduously mvestrgated and frequently condemned type of tenement Block after block, stneet after street, as far as one can see ~nevery Olrectlon, there 1s an endless stretch of dreary walls burstlug

The Bcrth Control Rcvtcm

n~th thew excess of wretched hurnanlty Unkempt ch~ldren swarm the alley ways and fire escapes and you seldom see a her baby woman w~thout mev~table Not one of the women In that sectlon but must have heard Margaret Sanger's clar~on call "Do not take hfe but PREVENT " Everywhere we were recewed In the fr~endhest spmt and w ~ t hsurpr~sedexpressions of gratefulness and joy Not once were we rebuffed or our motlves mlsunderstood Women-and men-themselves took up the work of spreadmg the news throughout Brownsv~lle, but the authont~eswho were scourmg the clty to unearth the proposed den of mqulty never secured any clue from these people Our landlord and 111s fr~endlqw f e were our most actwe asststants Mr Rablnow~tzspent hours of h ~ s own tlme For, by t h ~ s tme, our locahon had been d~scoveredand wtdely publshed People began commg from far beyond Brownsv~lle,not only from every part of New York and Brooklyn, the East S~de, Manhattan, the Bronx, Long Island, Staten Island, Coney Island, but from New Jersey and New England as well One young carpenter came from F'h~ladelph~a tell Margaret Sanger about an anvalld w f e to and three chddren born dead That recmvmg room of ours was the hvest soc~al servrce office I have ever seen Two jov~alpol~cemencalled each mornmg-and d~scussedthe weather The postman never forgot hls exclamat~onof wonder w ~ t heach day's offermg c;f fifty to a hundred letters and never left w~thouth ~ s cheery "Farewell, ladles Hope I find you here to-morrow " Then there was the frlendly chat w ~ t h dally gaththe

addmg touches here and there to make the two brlght and spotless c l ~ n ~ c rooms more snow-wh~te st~ll-"more s c m tlfic lookmg," as he sald HIS w ~ f e gave out handb~llsto every person who passed the door and also to the motherr who came to the Bab~es'D~spensaryacross the way, so that every woman who apphed there for help In the care of her bab~eswas told of the other-help across the street Later, when the work became so overwhelmmg that we could not gc out for lunch or supper, we were sure to hear, as the day ware on, Mrs Rabmow~tzcall downsta~rs 'If I brtng a ltttle tea now, wdl you stop the people commg?" Stop the people coming? Nothmg, not even the ghost of -4nthony Comstock, could have stopped those people from commg! All day long, and far Into the evenmg, In ever mcreas~ngnumbers they came-a hundred women and a score of men on our banner day

ermg of reporters, always speculatmg on how much longer we'd ' last " And the v~stts from netghbors to w ~ s h good us luck-the grocer's w ~ f e the comer, the wldow wlth SIX on chlldren who kept the lunchroom down the street, the fat old German baker w ~ t h ~ dally donat~on doughnuts and h s of an occas~onalfore~gn-born doctor to say he hoped all would go well wlth us It seemed cruel to ask those women-thar need was so obv~ous-eventhe smple facts we wanted for our records name and address, natlonal~ty,number of ch~ldren,husband's trade and earnmgs But these everyday questions touched a spnng that let loose a flood of experience so real, so deep, that you felt you were looklug at l ~ f for the firs, e t ~ m e So much cold truth, so many hopeless facts to show how httle there was In hfe for these people, such heartbreakmg confidences IU response to a word of sympathy,

The Bwth Control Revtew

that you came, at the end of the day, to nonder how the world could go on wlth so much sadness In ~t To MISSMrndell and me these women told the constantly reiterated but ever varymg story of low wages and h ~ g h tent, of Irregular employment and steadlly rlslng prlces for beans and lentils, of no work at all and a dlet of black bread and black coffee They told us of swzdled homes wlth two rooms and only one wlndow, wtth two beds for a famlly of seven, three cots and a soapbox for elght chlldren, of years of heavy toll by fine, hopeful men and women wlth, 1 the end, only sickness, funerals, debts-storm 1 of wlves broken In health and husbands broken In spmt, sons sent to prlson and daughters to prost~tutlon,and always the help less tale of ch~ldren that were not wanted but came m neverendmg numbers Newly marned couples, wlth llttle but falth, hope and love to go on, told of the wee flat they had chosen, of hls low wages and her st111lower earnings, but of thelr d e t e m nation to work ~ t m together ~f only the ch~ldren t would not wme too soon Wrecks of women came just to tell thew tragedies to Margaret Sanger and urge her to save other women from the sorrow of nuned health, overworked husbands and broods of slckly, defectwe and wayward chlldren growlng up on the streets, filhng the dlspensarles and hosp~talsand 51mg through the juvemle court A gaunt skeleton of a woman suddenly stood up one day and made an lmpass~onedspeech to the women present ' T h y come wlth thew chanty when we have more chlldren than we can feed and, when we get slck wlth more children ot trylng not to have them, they just glve us more chanty 1tell you, some day they w~ll make a monument to Margaret Sanger on thls spot where she came to help women h h us " She had been marrled fifteen years, had seven llvmg chlldren, four dead, and had undergone twenty-elght self-induced a b l o n s Women of every race and every creed flocked to the cl~nlc wlth the determnatlon not to "have more" than k r health could stand or "he' could support Jews and Chnstlans, Catholics and Rapt~stsmade thls confesmon to us, whate\er they may have professed at home o r In church Some s a ~ d they dld not dare talk thls over wtth t h a r "men" and some came urged on by thew husbands, men came themselves after work and some brought ttmld, embarrassed wlves, draggmg a strmg of ch~ldrenapologetically When I asked a brlght llttle Catholtc woman what she v~onld to the pnest when he learned that she had been to say the clmc, she answered lndlgnantly "It's none of hls busness My husband has a weak heart and works only four &vs a week That's twelve dollars and we can barely llve on ~t now We hale enough chlldren." Her fnend, slttmg by, nodded a vlgomus approval "When I was marned," she broke In, "the pnest told us ta have lots of chlldren and we l~stened hlm I had fiftem to SIXare hvmg Nlne funerals ln our house I am thlrty-ax years old " She looked sucty As I walked home that mght, I made a mental calculatlon of fifteen baptismal fees.-mne funeral expenses, masses and candles for the repose of nlne llttle souls, the physlcal scffer~ng the mother and the emot~onal of suffermg of both prents, and I asked myself "Was ~t f a r ?" A socially slgnlficant group were the puzzled, groplng women, mlsled and bewildered In a tangled jungle of popular superstrt~ons,old wwes' remedles and horse-block advlce-all the Ignorant sex teachlng of the poor, them unguded fumblmg after truth Unconsciously they dramatmd the terrlble need of ~ntelhgent and sclentlfic lnstruct1on In these matters of hfe-and death The most p ~ t ~ f u l all were the reluctantly expectant of mothers, who had hoped here to find a way out of then dilemma. I t was heart-brealung to have to send them away but there was nothing else to do Thetr desperate detenmnahon to nsk all, thew threat of sulclde haunted one at nlght For them, blrth control came too late The d e x l b l e rule of the cllnlc In thls respRt dld not, of course, prevent the fabncatlon of slanderous rumors, for shlch, however, even the searchtng lnvestlgatlon of the authontles falled to find the slightest confirmation The records of the four clmlc trlals do not contam a shred of evldence or a word of testimony to bear out the mallc~ous charge of malpractice The woman detectwe who finally brought to an end the dunc's usefulness had no trouble In learnmg all there was to know Mrs Whltehurst, a pohce matron, walked Into the d m c one m o m g wlth a borrowed baby and an old shawl thrown over a styllsh sult Looking very well fed and comfortable, she told Miss Mmdell a temble tale of many chddren, many abortions and a superhumanly terrlble husband T o Mrs Byrne she told a slmllar story, but wlth acadental mod~ficat~ons MISSMlndell and Mrs Byrne understood All the contraceptwe methods known to Mrs Sanger were told to t h ~ s representatwe of the law She was shown the equlpment of the clmlc and even the plans for the h r t h control movement were explained to her She mslsted upon purchastng part of the equlpment used for danonstratmg, whlch, notwlthstandlng Mr Sumner's to patwtous ~nsmnahons the contrary, was sold to her for just what ~t had cost Mrs Sanger Her two-dollar b11l was pasted on a sheet of paper, labeled "spy money" and plmed to the wall, where the p o k e found and se~zed when they ~t ralded the dm1c on October 26th No one else purchased anythmg but frlendly counsel and lnstructlon, whlch was "sold" for the nomlnal repstratlon fee of ten cents-to such as could pay that much As Mrs Whltehurst left that marnlng, she paused ln the outer office to hsten to the conversat~onof some women watlng them turn "I was the youngest of twelve My mother died when I was born " "I marned at fifteen W e have had fourteen chlldwn E ~ g h are dead " t "I have never been well stnce my first baby came My chddren are all poorly and my man he has the consumption " I have often wondered tf Mrs Whltehurst hked her ~ r o fesslon that day

The Bwth Cot~trol R m n v

"HAVE WE A SON NAMED SAMUEL?"

Cbarles Hzram Chapman
"One of the greatest perlls In Amer~cato-day 1s that women do not permlt themselves to bear chddren "Thmk of the crlme to the unborn generahonsl Thlnk of the chddren who ml ht become John Wesleys and George Washmgtons Thank e o d , Susannah Wesley was not that klnd of a woman1 They bad seventeen or elghteen, maybe nrneteen chlldren They used to call the roll ~t 1s sard every evcnlng "One evenlng Mrs Wesley 1s sald to have told her husband that theu son Samuel was mlss~ng Have we a son named Samuel?' he 1s sald to have asked her They called the roll aga~n,and, fortunately, Samuel had appeared In the meantlme and all was well She was a woman of the rlght lund If I were to make the best wlsh I could for t h ~ s country would w ~ s h that ~t had a m ~ l l ~ o n mothers 11ke Susannah Wesley -Rev S P a r k a Cadman, D D , Central Congregahoual Church, Brooklyn, N Y

that she may have had nmeteen One of the brood seems to have been rn~slald The good preacher "tha~~ks that God Susannah Wesley was not the ktnd of a woman" who refbses to do her full duty In the h e of bab~es He w~shes "thls country had a mtlllon mothers like Susannah Wesley " I t has There are probably several mdl~on just as thoughtless and ~mprovldentas she was Dr Cadman can rest In the sweet confidence that Providence has granted h ~ m thls w~sh tt never grants another The country IS full of fool~f ~sh women who cont~nually bnng into the world babtes for whom there 1s no place and no prospect of usefulness or
happiness

Dr S Parkes Cadman 1s long cm sentimentality and short on common sense Hms f a h g , so common among preachers, 1s that he judges by h ~ s emotlons w~thoutregard to facts If we l~vedIn a world where emotlons governed and facts were of no account, he would make an adrntrable adminlstrator and h ~ s advlce would be lnest~mable As matters stand, h ~ sermon was nonsense s H e does not even seem to know what b ~ r t hcontrol, or i m d y lun~tabon,alms at HIS remark that "more chtldren are murdered than can be computed" shows h ~ s ignorance 1 all its ghxy 3 Famdy lunttatton seeks to stop thls chdd murder, wh~chMrs Sanger and the rest of us deplore as deeply as Dr Cadman or any other preacher can Ch~ld murder IS effected pnnc~pallyby way of abomon The preventmon of conceptlan when ch~ldren are not desired would make abomon a useless cnme Is ~t poss~blethat siich men as Dr Cadman percelve no moral d~fferencebetween the preventmon of conception and the murder of a liv~ngch~ld? Conception may be prevented by abstmn~ence well as by as m e d d and mechvllcal dev~ces If we are to follow Dr Cadman all these are equally w~cked Abstmence prevents "John Wesleys and George Washmngtons" from bemg born even more effectually than medmne does What a load of g d t our brethren, the Catholtc pnests, must bear about w ~ t h them on Dr Cadman's theory What a slnner every man 1s who does not produce duldren as rapmdly as he can, stnce be each one m~ght a Wesley or a Washtngtonl Dr Cadman throws the whole blame on the women, after the manner of the pulptt In all a e , but to my mmd the gs man who does not beget babies in r a p ~ dsuccess~onIS as gudty as the woman who do& not bear them I seem also to see a heavy load of sm waghmng down the maiden who delays matnxnony, or who does not many at all Think of the John Wesleys and George Washmgtons every sp~nster of your acquaintance has kept out of ex~stence I speak particularly o the John Wesleys that sptnsterf hood conslgns to non-exatence because Dr Cadman makes so much of Mrs Weslw's radlant fecunhtv She had cert a d y aghtcen clddrenand Dr Cadman ~&es to aelleve

I m~ght point out to Dr Cadman that most of Susannah's babies were of no use Only John and Charles amounted to a h ~ lof beans The rest were nonentltleq I ~ k all the Washl e ~ngtonbrood except George I mlght also pant out that, whde large famllmes are a soclal and econom~cgood In pioneer t~mes when populat~on thm, they become a dlstmct 1s evml when populat~ongrows dense, slnce they are sure to exacerbate the bitterness of the struggle for ex~stence
What we want In farndies 1s not so much mere numbers as quahty, and the qual~tyof offspring, as every breeder knows, depends largely upon the nutrit~onand care they get both before and after blrth The fact that poor parents cannot properly nounsh and shelter large broods of children ought to be decls~ve the blrth control questlon for m~nds of whlch are access~ble reason to

If mlnlsters llke Dr Cadman really w~shto see workmgmen produce seventeen and elghteen ch~ldrento the fam~ly llke Susannah of holy memory, k t them bepn by makmg adequate provlslon for them support The good Doctor m~ghtstart the ball rollmg by g w n g half h ~ ssalary to the cause

Blrds of a Feather
"My wtfe has borne to me fifteen chlldren Anythmg short of thls would have been less than her duty and pnvllege "-Elder George F Rachards of the Mormon Church

"A woman has t e r~ght be the helpmate of man That h to 1s all the r ~ g h tshe has That 1s enough "-"Medrcus," 1% the M e d ~ d Remew of Rmews, February 1917 "God's command, wh~le d ~ not spec~fy exact numit d the ber of chlldren allotted to woman, s~mply~mphedthat she should exerclse the sacred power of procreat~on ~ t utmost to s l u n ~"-Elder Rndger Clawson of the Mormon Church t "Even ~f the l ~ f e the mother IS In danger, a physlc~an of has no moral nght to destroy the child's hfe I say now and uith all senousness that ~t 1s better that one m~lljon mothers d ~ than to have otae innocent little creature lulled "-Father e A J Schdte, professor of LJnrgy cn the Semmy of St Chwkr BOIIO~CO, Ovnbrook, PP.

10

The Bwth Control Rmew

HUNGER-STRIKING AGAINST AN UNJUST LAW

E F Mylrus
Ethel Byrne's successful hunger and t h ~ r s ts t r ~ k eIn protest agalnst her lmprlsonment for spreadmg knowledge of b ~ r t hcontrol 1s a brlll~antv~ctoryfor woman In her long fight agamst laws debarrmg her from freedom of mmd and body Not slnce the days when Mary Wollstonecraft first ra~sed the standard of revolt agamst the Iron despohsm of conventlon and law has such bltter censure been cast upon an educat~onalmovement as that wlth whlch the b ~ r t hcontrol propaganda 1s now assa~led The young a r e forhdden to acqulre t h ~ sknowledge and the marr~edare warned that the mlserles they endure through compulsory motherhood are the just ordmances of God and Nature Ethel Byrne was sentenced to t h ~ r t ydays' mprlsonment in the workhouse for g w n g b ~ r t h control lnstructlon t o poor women Immed~ately she declared a hunger and t h ~ r s t strlke and for five days and n ~ g h t sne~therfood nor water passed her hps Separated from her fnends, surrounded by callous, cynxal custod~ans,she never wavered-she rema~nedtrue t o the cause of woman, true to hurnan~ty,true to herself When her l ~ f e was ebbmg, forc~ble feed~ng was resorted to T h e v~olencethat was ~nfl~cted upon her a t thts tune, desp~te her weakened condttlon, IS a blot on the escutcheon of Amerlcan chlvalry and a stam on the character of those who carr~ed the ~gnoble out work ass~gnedto them by Commlssloner ~Burdette L e w ~ s G The whole country seemed to stand stdl and anxiously watch t h ~ lone woman's fight agamst an mquttous law and s qgalnst the authorltles who were merclkssly enforcmg ~t The sneers of Comm~ss~oner Lew~s,who scoffed at the ~ d e a of "an honest-to-goodness hunger stnke," the surly brutal~ty of the pnson offic~als,the a b e s of her attendants, all faded t o shake the lndom~table courage of the woman upon whose shoulders, In thls supreme moment of a great reform nmvement, had fallen the mantle of hberty Fmally the authorlt~eshad to acknowledge that Mrs Byrne's s p m t was unconquerable and that to lnfl~ct further torture was fut~le Governor W h ~ t m a nhurr~edilygave the necessary order for her ~mmedlaterelease, cond~t~onal upon a promlse to refram from agam v~olatlngthe law The promlse was not glven by Mrs Byrne, who was too weak and 111to be consulted, but by her slster, Mrs Sanger Mrs Byme, by her hunger and t h ~ r s tstrlke, has broken the back of the law I n forcmg the State t o release her after only one-th~rdof her sentence had exp~red,she has demonstrated that the will of the lndlv~dualcan be more powerful than outgrown legal formulae Whde hundreds of thousands of men are dymg abroad In p ~ t ~ l e s s combat, here was a woman dymg for love, that the world m ~ g h tbe bettered and that knowledge and hght m~gchtdlumme the dark corners of the land Her stand has ralhed thousands to the ranks of the blrth control movement Lwslators, lawyers and those h ~ g hIn office now see that women are determmed, that they are not a f r a ~ d o t resort to extreme measures In order that rnank~ndmay be aroused t o the respons~b~l~ty of parenthood and hfted out of the quagmlre of Ignorance and superstition

Everett, W a s h , Jan 31, 1917 Dr Frederrck A Blossom, Dear Srr The Women's Chrrstmn Socrdrst League of thu ctty ha, requested me to w n t e Mrs Margaret Sanger to tell her of our apprecratwn of the good work that both she and her stster, Mrs Byrne, are dorng and to say that we admtre thew courage and self-sacrifice W e belrevc that the trme has come when d l should have knowledge of btrth control, no mafter how humble or poormdeed, ~t u d l the mors reason they should have enlrghtenment When brrth control u fully understood, we d l hove a finer and morr perfect rme It certarnly would be a great help to overcome Poverty and the present wage problem Thankrng you m advance for fonvordrng thrs to Mrs Sanger, I am Yours truly, Mrs J Westberg 3521 Hoyt Ave
"In the long run the b a s ~ c soc~al problem 1s that o populaf tlon "-Professor Albert Benedut Wolfe

"The

poor wouldn't use

bnth contml d they had IL"

February 21 Dear MISS Todd The women here In Brownsv~lleneed help very bad Mrs Sanger has got put away m the pen~tentlary for bemg f r ~ e n d s wath us, but she s a d we was to use her place wh~leshe was gone If we can have a meetmg over here In the clmc, I wlll put a fire In the stove and ask the women to come Saturday W e women here want to find out what the Presldent, the Mayor, and the Judges, and everybody IS t q m g to do F m t they put Mrs Sanger m jad for telllng us women how not to have any more chddren, and then they get busy for the starve of the ones we've got Flrst they take the meat and the egg, then the potato, the onlon, and the m l k and now the lent~ls and the butter, and the ch~ldrenare I w n g on bread and tea off the tea leaves that 1s kept cookmg on the back of the stove Honest to God, we ought to call a meetmg and do someth~ng about ~t Yours, Sarah Goldstem, 125 Amboy Street, Brownsydle, N Y

The Bwth Control R m e w

N E W YORK'S TRIBUTE
It was h g h tune For three years Margaret Sanger had been pvlng unsparingly of everything she had for the hberat~onof the women of Amerlca Untlnngly she had traveled east, west, north and south, call~ngon them to nght throw off the shackles of Ignorance and demand t h e ~ r to voluntary motherhood She had been persecuted and feted, slandered and pralsed for her selfsacnficmng work for human~ty,until she had become one of the most famous women m Amenca t h y But her own sty, where she had tolled for years among the workers themselves and where her first-hand contact wlth the many-s~dedtragedy of enforced motherhood had first roused her to her darlng crusade of emanclpatton, had never yet gtven approprlate volce to ~ t s adm~ratlonand approval of her work It came w t h dramat~c suddenness W d u n half an hour alter Ethel Byrne had been declared gu~lty the first of 1n the Sanger cbmc tnals, plans had been made by the BGrth Contrdl L q y e of New York for a monster mass meeting In Carnegte Hall Wlth the enthustasm and devotlon that only a leader such as Margaret Sanger can Inspre, the small group of workers In that young orgamzatlon threw themselves Into the b ~ g task of preparation In less than three weeks, the most impresswe h r t h control meetlng ever held In New York took place The clrcumstances could not have been more dramatic Commg fresh from the court room, where the athtude of Judge Freschl, replacmg the over-harassed Judge Garvln as presldmg justlce, had suddenly e v e n hope that the remammg Sanger cases m~ghtposs~blybe t r ~ e don then ments, wthout fear o. prejudice, Margaret Sanger stepped out on the platform, the embedment of the farth of Amenca 1n the comlng l~berat~on her women from the age-old of bondage I t was a woman's meetmng, w t h Helen Todd, the statdy suffrage leader end vlce-president of the B ~ r t hControl League of New York, as chairman, and Dr Mary Halton as the add~t~onal speaker, whlle women from the BrownsmUe cl~nlc filled the platform The rapt attention and the salvos of applause whlch accornpanled Margaret Sanger's address equally testified to the deep unpresslon of earnestness and couage wh~chshe made on that huge audience, winch filled the boxes w t h New York's best known men and women and crowded the balconies wlth enthus~astlcfdllowers of the cause Every b ~ r t h control league outslde of New York C ~ t y had taken a box 1n token of tts loyalty to the one woman who had spread the gospel of "conscious and voluntary parenthood" from coast to c& I t was more than New York's testtmonlal to Margaret Sanger I t was the d o n paylng rts tnbute to a peerless woman and a fearless leader m the eternal struggle of hummty upward and onward toward the ulhmate goal of the greatest ltberty and the h~ghestdevelopment of the m&mdual -F A B

CARNEGIE HALL MASS MEETING

Thls IS a meettng of protest Protest agamst what) Protest agamst a prasecdlon that has become a persecution Persecutmn of whom? To our shame be ~t answered-a woman And what has been her crtme? Effort to free her sex from the most annent, burdensome, and pernmous of ail1 forms of human slavery, slavery m that wh~ch should be the freest thlng under Heaven-mokherhood Th~s vlotun of lqslahve and judlclal tyranny seeks to llberate the fam~ly, community, the state, the nation, the the world, from the curse of chldren that are undesired because undesirable Thls 1s her mfamy She endeavors to reduce the vast labor and expense of human soclety tn oanng for tts unfortunates by prov~dlnga means to mlnmtze thew number And for so dolng she is branded a cr~m~nal But what man in thls audtence w~llname a more baslc, sunple, senslble proposal than that of Mrs Sanger? Is there any statesman tn our Congress or In any parliament of Christendom who can suggest a better statecraft than that of the old maxm "An ounce of preventton IS worth a pound of cure"? Our ~ntell~gent farmers control the blrth of them cattle But our statesmen are too short-aghted to allow the control of the b ~ r t h the nat~on'sch~ldren Could of human stupld~ty further? go In a country founded on the prtnclple of self-government, the laws deny woman the governance of her own person in the most sacred and momentous of all concerns It is a travesty on clvlhzatlon We shatl never become a truly clvllued people untd we begln at the fountam-head of any ratlonal soclety and make matern~tynot a degraded thmg of compuls~onor of chance, but the free, debberate and ~oyous cho~ce consciously prepared womanhood of Mrs Sanger's votce 1s that of one crymg In the w~lderness of sensuahty, selfishness and lgnorance For a t m e ~t w~ll meet sneers, r~d~cule, scorn But ~t already appeals to the hgher lntelllgence of t h ~ s generation and IS findmg wlllng ears among those who most need to heed ~ t appeal The s freedom ~t proclams ss not less sacred than that for wh~ch our forefathers pledged them hves, *her fortunes and theor sacred honor Mrs Sanger's volce, llke the muskets of Bunker H111, wlll be heard around the world Whatever be the results of the commg tnal, let us not be &scouraged Postenty may forget the shame of a parbcuh wnvtctlon, but ~t WIU never forget the barbanty of a r law that made such a trlal posvlble Hlstory WU record Mrs Sanger and her slster as martyrs to as noble a cause as ever enl~stedhuman sacnfice Be ~t ours to help create such publtc senbment as w ~ l purge Amenl statute-books of a dlsgrace that cnes to Heaven-Kepler Hoyt No parents who are 1n Ignorance of methods of blrth blrth The pnncontrol can poss~bly v e a chid an eth~cal p aple of ethlcs occurs only when there IS rahonal cho~ce There can be no such chmce except where there 1s freedom to choose and there can be no freedom to choose unless there 1s knowledge -Rev H m e y Dee Brown

The Bwth Co-ntrol Revrew

NEW YORK SPEAKS ITS MIND

Resolved, that we extend our greetmgs t o the courageous band of proneers who have blazed the way for the b ~ r t h control movement In thrs country That we e x p r e s to-n~ght our espec~al endorsement of the educatronal worh of Margaret Sanger durmg the past three years, the f r u ~ t sof whrch are seen rn the present natlonw d e Interest In hrrth control That we volce our approval of and a d m ~ r a t ~ o n Mar for garet Sanger, Ethel Byrne, Fanla Mmdell and Elrzaheth Stuyvesant for t h e ~ r courage and soc~al vlslon ~n openrng a brrth control clln~cIn t h s c~ttyto demonstrate the practrcal value of the clrnrc rdea and to create a legal Issue on whrch to test the constitutronal~tyof the law That we condemn as archarc and rnhuman the laws w h ~ c h proh~brtthe g m n g of rnstructlon UI contraception, and as ant~dsoc~al unprogressrve the courts and other authonand tles whrch m s ~ s t upon a rrg~dmterpretatron of those laws, wrthout regard to the rad~calchange of publrc opmon on brrth control That we unqual~fiedlycondemn the actron of the Drstr~ct Attorney and the l u d ~ c ~officers of Kmgs County In denyal mg to Mrs Sanger her r ~ g h tto trlal by p r y and to Mrs Byrne a stay of sentence pend~ngappeal to a hrgher court, and also In refusmg to hear medlcal and soc~ologcaltestlmony so that these cases mlght be t r ~ e d the merlts of the on v ~ t a lhuman Issue mvolved, and not on legal techn~calrtres and formal rules of court procedure That w e extend our deepest sympathy to that brave champion of Amencan womanhood, Ethel Byrne, ~n her martyrdom for b ~ r t hcontrol, and protest v~gorouslyagarnst the cruel and arbitrary actlon of Burdette G Lew~s,Comm~ssloner of Correct~on,In denymg to her fnends and relatlves access to her bedsrde That \rre declare our firm determmat~onto do our utmost to secure such change rn state and federal laws as shall put b~rth control knowledge w ~ t h ~ n reach of all who need rt the And finally be ~t resolved that we pledge to Margaret Sanger our unwavermg moral and financ~alsupport In her campalgn to estabhsh the p r ~ n c ~ pof voluntary motherhood le rn t h ~ s country -Resolutzons adopted a t the Carnegre Hall mass meehng, January 29, 1917

T H E WOMAN R E B E L
TO MARGARET SANGER

Walter Adolphe R o b e ~ t s At last a volce that knew not how t o he, A call art~culate above the throng Of those who whrspered of a secret wrong And longed for l~berty and passed rt by T h e volce of one w ~ t h rebel head held hrgh, Whose strength was not the fury of the strong, But whose clear message wa. more keen than song, A bugle t o the dawn, a battle cry There IS a new rebelhon on the earth Because of your volce m ~ l ~ t a nthat broke t, The srlence that the purrtans had made, Because you haled the sacredness of brrth, T h e d~gnrty love emanupate, and spoke, of A woman unto women, unafrard (&st prznted ~n "The Masses ")

Anrta C Block The blrth control meetmg held a t Carneg7e Hall last Monday evenmg was mdeed a tr~umph of women, for women, by women Consp~cuouslyabsent were any manlfestatrons of those qualrtres whrdh the male mmd asserts are characterrst~callywoman's, such as over-emot~onal~sm, hysteria, the obtrus~onof the personal over the general, of the s e n t m e d a l over the sc~entrfic For a meetmg wh~ch, under the exrstmg cnsrs rn the btrth control movement, could eas~lyhave been made sensat~onal,~ t s quietness and d~gmty throughout were almost palpable Plarn, unvarnrshed facts, facts In themselves eloquent wrth the terr~ble sufferrngs of women under our cruel antrbrrth control laws, were what the aud~ence needed, and what rt In full measure got Facts and truths that prudery has untd now kept hldden, that have probably never before been presented so fearlessly and frankly on any public platform, were bravely stated by women for the sake of women and of the race The Importance of bmth control 1x1 relatron to the problems of prostltutlon, of abort~on, cehbacy, of was clearly stated The need for bnngmg the sexual p m b lems of humanrty Into the hght of day was affirmed Consrdermg the strarn and stress under w h ~ c hshe was Prison Reform As She Is Pract~sed labonng, Margaret Sanger deserves h ~ g h commendat~onfor After keepmg the managng edrtor wa~trng four days for her porse and restraant, and for the land of address she a reply to h ~ s request for a pass to vvlsrt Mrs Sanger on made, admrrable 1x1 ~ t wealth of valuable mformat~cm s urgent busrness Burdette G Lew~s,head of New York's T h e meetmg struck exactly the rrght note-that of b a n g "model" pnson system, sent word by h ~ secretary that he lnstrucbve and persuasrve, rather &an agtat~onal I t was s had "already granted one pass for a v~sltor Mrs Sanger" an achievement that showed dearly the r a p ~ dstrrdes wrth to and that he d ~ d "feel l ~ k e not grantrng any more " W h ~ c h , whrch women are advancrng -New York Call of course, settled the matter In accordance wrth the good old Amencan standard of "lust~ce " ' T h e artllic~alsterrlrzatron of matrmony was the most of Ouerv Suppose Mrs Sanaer had had the w l i t ~ c a lcon- revolutronary d~scovery the nmeteenth century "-Gewge - . nectlons of t h e famous Mrs 6unphy of Itandail's Island? Bernard Shaw

The B ~ t hControl R m w

THE SANGER CLINIC CASES

WHAT EVEN A JUDGE SHOULD KNOW

Judge Hermann of the Court of Specla1 Sesslons, BrookJan 2 S W r l t of habeas corpus Issued by Unlted States Dlstrrct Court Judge Augustus N Hand on the ground that lyn, fined Fama Mmdell fifty dollars for selllng a copy of Mrs Byrne had been convicted for vlolatson of a statute Margaret Sanger's book, What Every Gwl Should Know that contravened the Federal Constltutlon Mrs Byrne was As the judge, we are told, IS a bachelor, perhaps hls malden brought to court, the wnt was dlsmlssed and she was re- modesty prevented hlm from Imklng Into the book to see just how 'obscene' ~t 1s The following typlcal passages manded back to the Workhouse Jan 23-Notlce of appeal filed wtth Clerk o Spec~al wlll show what an Indecent plece of literature MISS Mlndell f Sesslons and sewed on dlstrlct attorney, appealing convlc- sold and how justrfied hls honor was In punlshlng her "A woman does not need t o be a college graduate, wlth d tlon of Ethel Byrne speclal degree In the study of botany before she can tell her s Jan 23-Order to show cause for a certlficate of reason- rhlld the beantlful truth of ~ t btrth But she does need to clear mmd o understand the proable doubt ~n case of Ethel Byme s~gned Judge Callahan, her own act 1s of prud~shnessand thealthful that that nature 1s by creative natural clean and all motlon returnable before Judge James C Cropsey, Janu- beautified through ~t and consequently, that ~t 1s devold of offensiveness I f the mother can Impress the chlld wlth the ary 25th beauty and wonder and s y r e d n e s s of the sex functions, she has taught ~t the first lesson Jan 25-Notion argued before Judge Cropsey "Every g ~ l understand herself, she should know Jan =Case agalnst Fanla Mlndell trled before Judges her anatomy, r shonld firstsex anatomy, she should know the lncludlng Fresch~, O'Keefe and Hermann The questlon narrowed ~ t - epochs of a normal woman's lrfe and the unfoldment whlch each epoch brrngs she should know have on self d m n to whether the book, What Every Gtrl Should her acts and finally she should the effect the emotlons rrchness know the fullness and Know, was Indecent of lrfe when crowned by the flower of motherhood ' T h e sexual rmpulse 1s the strongest force In all llvlng Jan 29-Case agalnst Margaret H Sanger called and It the struggle for existence, Counsel argued that the ~ndlctmentagainst creatures that 1s thls that a n m a t e stwo bemgs that they may trlal started ~t IS thls attracts and unltes Mrs Sanger 1n the County Court, on a stmllar charge, reproduce thew kmd ~t IS thls that rusplres man t o the h ~ g h e s t and noblest thouxhts ~t IS thls also that lnsplres man to all superseded the charge In the Court of Speclal Sesstons and endeavors and achievements t o all a r t and poetry thts lmpulse asked that the case be so marked Counsel's objection was 1s the creatlve lnstrnct whlch dominates all llvlng thmgs and wlthout whrch llfe must dle If then, thls force thls Impulse overruled plays s o strong a Part In our lives Is It not necessary that we Jan &Judge Callahan s p e d an order to show cause know somethrng about 1t7' 0 noble judge I 0 excellent young man 1 why a wnt of prohrbttlon should not Issue to restram the judges of the Court of Speclal Sesslons from trylng the case NOTE-A few prmted coples of Attorney Goldstem s brlef agalnst Margaret H Sanger In the case of Ethel Byrne glvlng hls argument on the constltuFeb %Case agalnst Margaret H Sanger reopened and tlonallty of the law wlth excerpts from medlcal and soclologlcal further evldence ~ntroduced the dlstrrct attorney and both authontles, may be had at the office of The Bwth Control Remew by for fifty cents postpald Fanla Mlndell and Margaret H Sanger found gullty as charged, Judge Freschl dtssentlng In the Mmdell case B~rthControl is Humane and Patriotic Cases adjourned to February 5th for sentence I regard the movement for sclentrfic blrth control as Feb %Ethel Byrne pardoned by Governor Whltman both humane and patnotlc humane for mothers who Feb 3-No declslon havlng yet been made by Judge exhaust themselves In beanng ch~ldren beyond thelr Cropsey on a motlon to admlt Mrs Ethel Byrne to bad and strength, and patrlotlc because fewer chlldren among of for a cert~ficate reasonable doubt, counsel Informed the the poor means better education and health for the judge's secretary of the pardon and stated that ~t would be chlldren useless at that trme for the judge to conslder the matter Mrs Sanger deserves the aggressive support of those further who regard the present law a s the product of unscientific Feb 3-Motlon for wrlt of prohlb~tlonargued before soc~al theorres two hundred or more years out of date, a Judge Cropsey Dects~onreserved rellg~ous btgotry w h ~ c h~t1s my busmess to oppose and Feb S M o t l o n for wrlt of prohtb~bondented a mawk~sh sentlmentahty whlch comes near to belng Feb S F a n l a Mmdell fined $50 00, wh~chfine was p a d selfish hypocrisy Margaret H Sanger offered a suspended sentence ~f she The first step toward the repeal of the law 1 Mrs s would promlse the court never agam to v~olate thrs statute Sanger's brave stand-Rev Charles H Lyttle, Second She was wdling to promle pending the appeals, but not Llnztarzan Church, Brooklyn, N Y ~ndefinltely, whereupon the court Imposed a sentence of thlrty days In the Workhouse The great elementary phys~cal side of love so far from Feb >Judge Cropsey denled the mot~on a certlficate havlng about rt anythlng anlmal or debasmg or self-111for dulgent, IS utterly nght-a falr and noble meetlng, a sacof reasonable doubt In the Byrne case Feb &Margaret H Sanger transferred from the Work- rament, the Intended foundamon of the spmtual unlty Thls ultlmate surrender and mtrmacy IS not alone neceshouse to the Queens County penltentrary sarv for the perpetuation of thesace, but IS one of the Feb G N o t ~ c of appeal filed In the cases of Fanla Mln- exalted expresstons of love between husband and w f e e Dr Robert L Dlcklnson, Marztal Maladpstment dell and Margaret H Sanger

The Bkth Control R m e w

DUNCES, DOCTORS AND DRYSDALE

A "b~rthcontrol number" of the C n t ~ G u d e must and sound llke a panted Illy to those who have followed Dr W J Robmson's perslstent advocacy of family Lmltahon In the columns of hls monthly perrodlcal I t must be admitted, however, that the February Issue, berng entlrely gven over to brrth control, contam somewhat more than the usual amount of matter on that particular !Subject Half the Issue 1s devoted to an account, In Dr Robtnson's lndefattgably combahve style, of the now famous meetlng of the New York County Medlcal Soctety, on December 26, 1916, whlch furnished the final proof that blrth control IS not a medrcal but a socral questlon and that the medlcal profess~on,as so often 1x1 the past, 1s tackmg In soclal vlslon and cannot safely be entrusted wlth t h ~ s wtal problem The consequences, both to the profession and to the blrth control cause, of the three-to-one vote agarnst any modlficatlon In the present law, are correctly estimated by Dr Robrnson ''It makes very Ilttle difference to the blrbh control mwement," he says, "whether the New York County Medical Soclety goes on record as favormg or opposing h r t h control, but ~t 1s of enormous rmportance to the m e h l professlon An oplmon 1s prevalent among a large secbon of the publlc that the medm1 professon 1 out of touch wlth s the people as a whole and that ~ t members are smug b u r s geols who care but for therr own selfish rnterests and have llttle sympathy for the physlcal and eumomlc sufferrngs of the poor " The ludvrously unsclentlfic character of thls so-called "saentlfic sesston" of the soclety does not escape Dr Rob~nson's caust~c pen "There are some arguments agdrnst brrth control, but not one of them was brought forward by the opponents," he remarks "Dr Kosmak, who read the majorlty report, s a d that any attempt to mod~fythe law was 'untlmely' I t 1s 'untlmely' to attempt to d~mmlshprostltutron, venereal &sease, abortion, Infant mortalrty and the mlsery a d wretchedness, filth and horror of our slums 1" "From one p a n t of vlew," Dr Roblnson concludes, "all true frlends of blrth control should rejolce at the defeat of the mlnorlty report I t wlll help to clear the atmosphere "Never agam wlll phpcran or layman demand h r t h control as a eugenlc or hygenv measure slmply To demand blrth control In order that we may g v e our ituberculous, cancerous, eptleptlc or Insane pabents contraceptives a hypocnsy, because thrs has never been prohblted There 1s no case on record where a physlclan was prosecuted for advlsrng hls pahents to use contraceptive measures "The economlc srde 1s much more unportant than the purely pathologc There are thousands of women who cannot, strlctly speahng, be considered 111, but to whom, for several reasons, an addrkonal chdd 1s a horrlble spectre I t IS to such women that we want to be able to impart contraceptrve rnformabon

"Let us f m k l y state that blrth control IS a measure of the utmost importance to humanlty from every pomt of mew--economrc, soetal, moral, racral, hygiienrc and eugenrc " I t IS to be regretted that, m Dr Robmson's debled narratlve of that too much heralded meetrng, no mentlon a made of the plucky f i a t of b s Wde, Goldwater, Kahn and Tannenbaum agau& hopeless odds of Ignorance, selfInterest and rellgous prejudice Had they, too, been content to play the role of rronlcal observer of a com6& huumorne, the vote agarnst blrth control would have been a perfumtory matter and the C n t u and G u d e would have lacked story materral for an entertammg, ~f not hlghly ed~fyrng, The remainder of the number, except for a few communrcatlons from New York p h y s c l a ~ sand a senes of abomon t r a g d e s by the ehtor, 1s devoted to a treatrse on lnrth control by Dr C V Drysdak, w h d ~ substantla1 1s enough to deserve separate consrderatron

After Thirty-Fwe Years o Blrth Control f

All chlldren you now see are sultably dressed, they look now a s neat as formerly only the children of the vdlage clergyman dld In the famlhes of the laborers s there 1 now a better personal and general hyglene, a finer moral and mtellectual development All thls has become posslble by lmdltatlon of the number of chlldren rn these famlhes It may be that now and then thls preventive teachlng has caused lllrclt intercourse but, on the whole, moralrty 1s now on a much hlgher level and mercenary prostltutlon, w t h rts demoralmng conses quences and propagatmn of contaeous diseases, 1 on the declme The best test-and the only possrble mathemat~calones of our moral, physlolog.lca1 and financial progress 1 the constant Increase In longevrty of our populataon From 1890 to 1899 rt was 4620, from 1900 to 1909 a was 51 years Such a nse cannot be equalled In any other country except Sfandmama, where brrth 11mltaUon was preached long before ~t was In Holland None o the dreadful consequences feared by the advof cates of cler~cahsm, rnllltansm and conservatrsm have occurred In splte of our low brrth rate, the population In our country 1 nsmg faster than ever before, slmply s s because r t 1 concomitant wrth a greater economlc lmprovement and better chdd hygrlene One must have been a famrly physman for twenty-five years llke myself In a large clty (Rotterdam) to appreaate f the blessmgs o conscrous motherhood, resultrug In the better care of chlldren and a hagher moral standard And all these blessings are taken away from you by your government's peculrar laws, made t o please the Puntans (Extract from letter of Dr I Rutgers, secretary of the Neo-Malthustan League of Holland, to Dr S A Knopf )

The Bwth Control Rmew

A WORKING BIBLIOGRAPHY ON BIRTH CONTROL

Bwfh Canfrol N e w , V o l 1, 'Nos 1 m d 9, pobhshed by The Bwth Gntrol League of 01u0, Clevelrod, 0 Mootague Crackanthorp% Popufahan and Progrrss. D C V Drpsdalc, The Small Fomdy System. Contams the handr est comp~lauonof s t r t ~ s U q ~ t h c n t ~ d w a aamrnat~onof the arguments for and a m s t brrth control by Pmecrrhon Jam= A. Field, Umventty of Ch~cago.Pub The Survey. February 19. 1916 A rCsumk?the brrth control movement abraad Warner F t , Bsrth Confrol and Bsolog~d Etkcs, Intemtmnal ae Journal of Ethrw, October 1916 Havelock Ellrs. Bwth Confrol. Phys~cal Culture. September, October, ~. November. 1915 The Problem of Race Regenerafnm. The Task of SOMI H Y ~ I G W Auguste Henn Forel. The Sexual Querhon Lcta S Hollmgworth, S o d Deuces for Impellmg Women to Beor and Rear Chsldren Amencan Journal of Soctology, July 1916 Ma Alden Hophns, fifteen artrcles on Btrth Control m %arperls Weekly, Aprrl 10 to October 28, 1915 Dr Aletta H Jambs, Vobnta Motherhood, The Sum Nwemb a 6, 1915 The story of %e brrth control clrn~cs m%olland Dr S Adolphus Knopf, Bwfh Control, published srmultaneously In The New York Med~cal Journal and The Survey, November 18 1916 Rev T R Malthus, An Essay on the Prmcrpk of Populatson Adelyne More, F#cyudrty Versus C d w a h o n w ~ t han Introduetron by Arnold Bennett A study of brrth control 1n Engnotes land and Germany Valuable forergn brbl~ograph~cal The New Republr~ March 6, 1915, &tonal on The Confrol of BIrfh.5 Arthur Newsholme The Declsnsng Bsrth Rde, Its Nahond and I n t m h o d SsgnrlScaacr Herbert QUI& O r Board the Good Shsp Earth Plctonal R m e w What Shall W e Do About Bwfh Conhol? October 1915. ~ e b r u i r y and March 1916 Dr W J Robmson, The Lmstahon of Offsprsng The vade mecum of the Amarcan propagandat The Cathok Church and Bsrth Restnrtson, Father John A. R The Survw.. 4 1916 . Theodore Schroeder O w Pruduh Censorshsp Unvnled, The Forum anuary 1914 A classre rerdom of the Press and "Obscene" L~terdure,three asap, publtshed by The Fret Speech League. Women's Co-operat~vc Guld, Matemrty Chrldbeanng autobrographres of English workmn women Dr Evangelme Young, Shall Parenthood Be Provdent or Haphazard? The Medrcal Remew of Reviews August 1916 Repmted by The Brrth Control League of Ikarsachusetts Contarns a very full b~bl~ography current lrterature on brrth of control Nore-The zeal of our postal department In watchmg over the : tender morals of the n a t m prevents our mclud~ngn the above hst Margaret Sanger's pamphlet, "Famdy Ltm~tatmu, gvmg the results of her tnvestlgatron, In thrs country and abroad, of the best known methods of preventmg conceptron

THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND FREE SPEECH

One certam Martha Sanger IS travehng around the country preachtng the nasty doctrine of b ~ r t h control Bes~des be~ng md~ctedby the Federal government, she has been denied the use of theatres or halls m several c ~ t ~ Inswh~ch e she has attempted to delwer her filthy lecture Sbe complains that she IS bemg depr~ved her const~tut~onal to freeof r~ght dom of speech Many of the daily papers have taken up her defense, on guarantees to the theory that ~t 1s contrary to const~tut~onal suppress publ~cutterances on any subject The specious argument 1s made that, when anyone has a notlon they feel impelled to put before the public, such a one has a r ~ g h t to speak I t IS ~mmoralto say that a bad cause has any nghts and that those who advocate ~thave a nght to do so Evd speakcan ~ n g claim no more moral rlght than evrl actmg A he has no nghts and the har has no right to he I t IS a queer twlst, both mental and moral, that holds the teacher of ~mmorahtyor falsehood has an equal nght to teach as the teacher of morals and truth Every code of morals ~nslsts IS ~mmoral teach and advocate immoral~t to sty and falsehood Every code of laws pun~shes inc~tement by speech to law-breakmg The answer of Ameman law to such freedom of speech was e v e n after the Haymarket not The decls~on the case of the anarchists of Chicago, In who by their publlc utterances mated to murder, was good morals and good law There 1s no more absolute and untrammeled nght to freedom of speech than there is to freedom of actionTruth, "a monthly m a g w n e for the drrsemznufwn of the truth conccrntng the doctrine, hrstory and practzces of the Catholrc church"
Error of opmon may safely be tolerated where rearon rr reft free to combat rt -Thomms Jefferson Wzthout free speech no search for truth is p o s d l e , zvzthout free speech no dscovery of truth is useful, mthout free speech progress w checked and the nations no longer march jotward toward the nobler lzfe w k h the future holds for man Better a thourondfold abuse of free speech thaw denral of free speech The abuse dzes m a day, but the dental slays the l q e of the People and entombs the hope of the ruce Charles Bradlaugh rn If t h r e u anyth~ng the unwerse that can't stand drrcussion, let zt c r ~ -Wendell Phdlrps k

Showmg Up Father

In a voc~ferousattack on birth control before the New Two books by Margaret Smger York County Med~calSoc~ety,at the famous meetmg of "WHAT EVERY GIRL SHOULD KNOW" December 26, 1916, Dr Arthur Gibbon, In a speech studded and with jests whlch m~ght poss~bly have been in place in a bar"WHAT EVERY MOTHER SHOULD KNOW" room or stable, boasted of bemg one of thirteen ch~ldren and Twmfq-five cents each, postpad related how h ~ father used to say to him "I'd have had s as tw~ce many, me boy, i f I hadn't been smart" One wonders i f the elder G~bbon used to make the same Jaded for B s ~ Conho!, the story of the trral and ~mpnsonment b of Wihrm Sanger, d t e d by J a m a Waldo Fawxtt, ten e b a copy boast to the prlest m

MORE SPIES
Mrs Ralph D Mitchell, club woman and chanty worker, was arrested yesterday on a charge of dlstrrbut~ngobscene ltterature, after officers had vlslted her home at 2079 East Nmetleth Street wlth a search warrant to get bl& control hterature V~ce Squad men say they found blnth control circulars 1n a dressing-table In Mrs Mltchell's bedroom The tltles of the pamphlets were "The F ~ g h for Blrth Control,"* by Mart garet Sanger, Marriage and Love," by Emma Goldman, and others The llterature was taken by the p o k e as evldence When the officers arrlved at the M~tchellhome Mrs Mitchell was wlth her four chlldren Mrs Mltchell's arrest was brought about by Jeannette Lavan, In the employ of the p o k e She attended a meetmg of birth controllers, where she was told (to go to a down town prmhng office to obtaln blrth control llterature She says she went to thls office and was dlrected to Mrs Mitchell's home In a conversation wuth Mrs M~tchell, she alleges she was told to go home and the llterature would be malled to her The literature duly arrwed at her home The arrest of Mrs Mitchell marks the begmnmg of a campaign by the vlce squad agamvt blrrh control propa ganda In Cleveland Vlce squad men searched a p n d m g ofice in the Caxton Bulldmg yesterday No llterature was found there -From Cleveland newspapers of February 20
Make checks payabk lo Haram Mycrs, Treasure

THEBIRTH CONTROL LEAGUEOF NEWYORK

I04 FIFTH

A B U , N W YOPK VNB B Feb 21, 1917

To the Fnends of B ~ r t hControlWhen Margaret Sanger comes out of pnson she m11 have to face the second case st111 pend mg against her, whlle the appeals In her first case and those of her two assstants are st111 to be heard by the hlgher courts Margaret Sanger should not be reqmred to carry thts burden alone She haS done her part and more We musf do ours The Carnegre Hall mass meetlng netted $ ~ o o o which wlll cover the court costs and oo, legal prlntlng to date About $3500 oo more mll be needed to fight these four cases through to a fimsh If thts money IS not ra~sed,the cases will have to be droppd and Margaret the Sanger's effort to establ~sh unconstltutlou a l ~ t y the present law wlll fall Her Im of pnsonment m l l go for naught Let us r a m thls sum as a tnbute to Margaret Sanger before she comes out of jail Glve what yo^ can and e v e ~t qu~ckly Take up a subscrlptlon among your frlends and send ~t In at once Every CtOUar urrlC wunf MARGAR~T SANGER DI~PRNSE COMMI~T&IC

The Race Suiclde Bogey WHEREAS, blrth-control provldes a most natural and effectlve means for the reduction of poverty, wlth ~ t s Although the announcement has been made wlth oisease, vice and crlme, and for the production of a monotonous regularity In recent years that each successwe blrth-rate was the lowest on record, ~t has been superlor race, and WHEREAS, the dlssemmatlon of mfofmatlon as to followed, no less monotonously, by the statement that s blrth control methods, even by physicians, 1 at present the death-rate was also the lowest yet recorded When we add to thls the lament of the Brrtrsh Med$cal Journal penallzed by law, and WHEREAS, Mrs Sanger, Mrs Byrne, and MISS that the prospects of the medlcal profession are decllnhfludell, of New York Clty, are bemg prosecuted and mg, owmg to the fewer btrths and the consequently mlmpnsoned for glvrng such ~nformat~on some who proved health of the chlldren, we may suspect that there to , most need ~ t and 1 not much wrong wlth the world -Dr s C V Drysdale, WHEREAS, there has just been founded In New The SmuN Famdy System York City a penodlcal known as "The Blrth Control Revtew," for the purpose of aldlng In the legal defense of the above partles, In obtamlng the revlston of lepsla27 E m f Etghty-Fwst Street tion tn the Interest of blrth control, and 1n the encourageNew York ment of blrth control ~tself, therefore be ~t Sunday Dear Dr Blossom RESOLVED, by the Secular League of Washington, I have lust read the first number of the Bwth D C , that the League approves the prlnc~pleof b r t h Control Rarww control, that ~t favors such legtslatlon as will authortze It ts btrllurnt It u artutzc m t h the restratnt dl the glvmg of sclentlfic knowledge as to blrth control real art shows And st rr convrncvtg methods by physlclans and registered nurses, that ~t I t makes me glad to work for the causer extends lts sympathies to Mrs Sanger, Mrs Byrne, and Swuerely, Miss Mmdell, and that ~t welcomes "The Blrth Control AUGUSTA P HOPE Revlew" as a much needed magazine, calculated to perChawman of the Fanance Commzttee of the form a most ~mportantsoclal service-Feb 11, 1917 Bwth Control League of New York *Probably a dlscreet crty edrtors way of saylng 'Farn~ly Lrmltatron "

Capital Resolutions