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Elizabethan and French Neoclassic Theatre The Renaissance Took place in England and France Created an explosion Brought

ught expanded knowledge of Greek & Roman classics Brought optimism Encouraged scientific and geographical exploration of the world The practicable movable type (aka printing press) Invented by German Johannes Gutenberg in middle of 15th century Made knowledge available to all, caused reading to be widespread Along with the skill of reading came an interest in history and national culture By Elizabeths I reign in 1558, theatre had been flourishing through liturgical secular plays These plays were performed in schools, private banquet halls, and courtyards Public Theatres Catered to all types of people Acting companies and playwrights were in it for money Companies worked hard to give into the wants of the audience When interests changed, the plays produced changed Elizabethan Playhouses These buildings were lively and active The shape and construction were influenced by the plays being produced The First Theatres The first was called The Theatre (original, I know) After The Theatre burned, in came The Globe and The Swan The Globe was home to The Lord Chamberlains Men The Lord Chamberlains Men - an acting company whose playwright was the world-famous William Shakespeare Original Theatre Structures Other than drawings, many thought that we had lost all traces of the original structure of the original theatres during this era Recent excavations in the old Bankside area of London find the foundations of two theaters, including The Globe The Globe had 24 sides/at least 20 gallery bays Yard (later known as the pit) the open area for people who could only afford a penny People who stood here were called groundlings or penny stinkers (because of their behavior) The Globes stage was 40 ft wide, extending 27 ft into the pit Helped the groundlings see better Allowed the use of a trapdoor Hell - the space under the stage, possible used as an early kind of echo chamber for off-stage voices for invisible ghosts Heavens the stage roof trap door in ceiling allowed actors to be lowered to the stage from above

Inner stage - space between the two entrance doors at the rear of the stage, could be closed off with a curtain, used for small scenes A similar area was located above, setting the scene for a window or balcony or battlement scene Hut small thatch-roofed structure, where the hoists (for raising and lowering actors), sound effects, and musicians Performances Open stage Encouraged a declamatory, less realistic style of acting Lighting by sunlight Elizabethan playwrights were free to move the action of the scenes as much as they wanted Words from characters from the beginning of the scene was how the setting was established Took the place of stage lighting, showing the time of the day, the season, and the weather Historical accuracy in costuming didnt matter; actors wore whatever they saw their character in No actresses Young men dressed as females Probably part of the reason for the shortage of female roles and intimate scenes between male and female characters Playwrights and Plays John Lily (1554? 1606) Endymion, the Main in the Moon Thomas Kyd (1558 1594) The Spanish Tragedy, a play of revenge Christopher Marlowe (1564 1593) Established blank verse Blank verse name given to poetry made up of non-rhyming lines containing five iambic feet Iambic pentameter is a very natural rhythm in English Tamburlaine the Great, Doctor Faustus Ben Jonson (1573? 1637) His plays followed the forms of the ancient Greek and Roman plays Every Man in His Humour, The Alchemist, Volpone William Shakespeare April 24, 1564 at Stratford-upon-Avon Attended grammar school in Stratford, became apprenticed as a glover At 18, he married 26 year old Anne Hathaway; then left her and their children a few years later to go to London Became a part of The Lord Chamberlains Men By 28, he was recognized as an actor and playwright During the plague, he wrote his first sonnets and two long narrative poems After Queen Elizabeth I died, James I took over Shakespeares acting company, which became known as The Kings Company

They received the Blackfriars Theatre (a smaller, private theatre), and performed plays both there and the Globe Theatre Retired in 1610, a wealthy man with good opinion from the king (legally a Gentleman); returned home to Stratford Died on April 23, 1616 at 52 Body buried in the chancel of the Church of the Holy Trinity in Stratford Shakespeares Plays Generally divided into 3 categories Histories Wrote several plays about English kings Some subjects were so interesting, they had more than one play Comedies Wrote 16 comedies, then two dark/bitter comedies Cover a range of styles from farce to fantasy, from coarse, bawdy humor to clever wit and word-play Tragedies Differ from Greek tragedies; allows his stories to roam freely, covering spans of time with subplots Tragic flaws are harder to see Theatre of the French Renaissance French theatre lacked the popular appeal compared to Elizabethan Theatre Best actors and playwrights worked in small, indoor theatres, given to private, paying audiences Neoclassicism imitation of the newly rediscovered works of the Greeks and Romans Neoclassicist Playwrights Pierre Corneille (1606 1684) Melit, Medea, Horace, The Death of Pompey, Le Cid Showed men as they ought to be Jean Racine (1639 1699) Brittanicus, Iphigenia in Aulis, Phedre Humanized French tragedy in much the same way that Sophocles and Euripedes did Showed men as they are Molire (aka Jean Baptiste Poquelin) [1622 1673] Author of many comedies Satires of current figures and popular culter were criticized and sometimes banned from stage Master of showmanship The School of Wives, Tartuffe, Don Juan The Miser, The Doctor in Spite of Himself, The Imaginary Invalid

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