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2) ( a - 9) / ( a + 3) =
[(a + 3) / (a 3) ] / (a + 3) =
=a3
Observe que neste ltimo exemplo, fatoramos os termos da frao e cancelamos os termos
comuns.
Uma frao que no admite mais simplificao chamada de irredutvel.
EXERCCIO
1) Simplifique as fraes, admitindo que os denominadores sejam diferentes de zero.
a) 12x/15 = (R: 4x/5)
b) 12m/6a = (R: 2m/a)
c) 8x /10x = (R: 4/5x)
d) 4x/10xy = (R: 2x/5y)
05, 03 | 3
05, 01 | 5
01, 01
Logo : 2.2.2.3.3.5= 360
Para determinar o m.m.c. das expresses algbricas, procedemos do mesmo modo.
Exemplos:
1) Calcular o m.m.c. das expresses: 4xy e 10xyz
Soluo:
4xy = 2 .2.x. y.y
10xyz = 2.5.x.x.y.z
Logo:
2.2..5.x.x.y.y.y.z = 20xyz
EXERCCIOS
(10x -3)/4x
EXERCCIOS
1) Efetue as operaes indicadas:
a) 10/x 25/3x =
b) 3/2xy + 1/xy =
c) 5y/3x + 3y/2x =
d) 7/x + 5/x =
e) 3/2x - 8/x =
f) 10/x 25/3x =
2) Efetue as operaes indicadas
a) 7/ 10x 3/5x=
b) 1/x + 1/y =
c) 5/yx x/3y =
d) (a + 3)/4m + 1/2m =
e) (6x + 13)/2y + (x + 3) 3y =
f) (3x 1) /10y + (5 2x) / 15y =
Exemplo 3
Calcular
3/(x-2) + 5/(x + 2)
Temos m.m.c. = (x 2) ( x + 2)
Logo:
3/(x-2) + 5/(x + 2) =
3(x +2) / (x 2) ( x + 2) + 5(x - 2) / (x 2) ( x + 2) =
3x + 6 + 5x -10 /(x 2) ( x + 2) =
8x -4/ (x 2) ( x + 2)
EXERCCIOS
1) Efetue as operaes indicadas
a) 4 / (x + 1) + 2 /(x 1) =
b) 5x / ( x + 2) - 3x / ( x 2)
c) 3/x 2/(x + 1) =
MULTIPLICAO
Para multiplicar fraes algbricas procedemos do seguinte modo:
-multiplicamos os numeradores entre si
- multiplicamos os denominadores entres si
Exemplos
Calcular os produtos
1) a/b . x/y = ax/by
2) 3a / x . 7/5y = 21a /5xy
3) 2x/5c . 4x /3c = 8x/15c
4) (x + y)/ 4b . (x y)/ m = (x - y) / 4
Nos casos em que o numerador e o denominador tm fatores comuns, podemos cancel-los
antes de efetuar a multiplicao.
Exemplos
1) a/3x . 2x/5 = 2a /15
2) (3x 2) / 5 . 7a / (3x -2) = 7a / 5
EXERCICIOS
1) Efetue as multiplicaes
a) 3 a / x . y/2 =
b) 2x/5 . 4a/x =
c) 3/a .5y/y =
d) 2 a/x . 5b / y =
2) Efetuar as multiplicaes
a) 7 a /m . 2 a/5m =
b) m/x . 6a/7x=
c) 3x/2y . x/4 =
d) 3xy/5 a . 2x / ay =
e) 2x/7 a . 4x/5 a =
f) 2x/a . x/4 a =
g) 2am/3bx . 9 a/4x =
h) 5x/3y . 2x / y =
3) Efetue as operaes indicadas:
1) Efetue as multiplicaes:
a) (x + y) / 7 . ( x y) / 2 =
b) 4 / (x + y) . ( x + y ) / 5 =
c) 1 / (x y) . 1 /(x + y) =
d) (7 x) / ( 7 + x) . ( 7 + x ) / ( 7 x) =
e) ( x + 1) / ( x 5) . ( x 1) / ( x + 5) =
f) ( a + b ) / 7 . ( a + b ) /ab =
g) 8m / ( m -1) . m / (m + 1) =
h) ( x - 9) / 5 . 10/(x 3) =
DIVISO
Multiplicamos a primeira frao pela inversa da segunda.
Exemplos:
Calcular o quociente:
1) 2x/a : 3m/5c = 2x/a . 5c/3m = 10cx/3am
2) 5x/ 3a : 7b/2x = 5x/3a . 2x/7b = 10x/21ab
3) a/ (x+y) : m/(x + y) = a/ (x+y) . (x +y)/m = a/m
EXERCICIOS
1) Calcule os quocientes
a) 2a/ b : x/y =
b) 3x/4 : 5y/7 =
c) x/2 : ax/8 =
d) 5x/a : a/ xy =
e) 3x/2 : 6x/4 =
f) 2y/x : 10x/3y=
g) 2a / 3x : 5a / 9xy =
h) 3a /4m : 9m/16a =
2) Calcule os quocientes:
a) (x + 1) /5x : a / (x -1)
b) (am/(x + y) : m / ( x + y) =
c) ( x - 1) / (5x + 5) : ( 5x 5)/ (x + 1)
d) ( a b) / a : ( 3a 3b) / 5 a =
3) Efetue:
a) 1/x : 5 a/x =
b) x/2 : 5x/8 =
c) 6x : 3x/4 =
d) x/y : x/y =
e) x/y : x/y =
f) 2x/ y : 4x / y =
POTENCIAO
Elevamos o numerador e o denominador potncia indicada.
Exemplos:
Vamos calcular as potncias:
1) (3x/5am) = (3x) / (5am) = 9x/25am
2) (4a/x-3) = (4a)/(x-3) = 16a/x-6x+9
EXERCICIOS
1) Calcule as Potncias:
a) (a/5m) =
b) (7x/a) =
c) (3x/a) =
d) (2a/3x) =
e) (2a/x) =
f) (6c/5) =
2) Calcule as Potncias:
a) (2a/m) =
b) (a/2b) =
c) (2m/3) =
d) (am/c) =
e) (2x/ac) =
f) (m/2n) =
3) Calcule as Potencias
a) ( -2x/y) =
b) (-3x/a) =
c) (-5x/2a)
d) (-2x/y) =
e) (-4x/3y) =
f) (-2x/ 3y) =