PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE

A.V.(Positive) SUB + V1 (s or es) + OBJ I write a book. He writes a book. They write a book. OBJ + is/am/are + V3 + by SUB. A book is written by me. A book is written by him. A book is written by them. SUB + do not /does not + V1+ OBJ. I do not write a book. He does not write a book. They do not write a book. OBJ + is/am/are + not + V3 + by SUB. A book is not written by me. A book is not written by him. A book is not written by them. Do /Does + SUB + V1+ OBJ? Do, I write a book? Does, he write a book? Do, they write a book? Is/Am/Are + OBJ + V3 + by SUB. Is, a book written by me? Is, a book written by him? Is, a book written by them? Do /Does + SUB + not + V1+ OBJ? Do, I not write a book? Does, he not write a book? Do, they not write a book? Is/Am/Are + OBJ + not + V3 + by SUB. Is, a book not written by me? Is, a book not written by him? Is, a book not written by them? SUB + has/ have + V3+ OBJ I have written a book. He has written a book. They have written a book. OBJ + has/have + been + by SUB. A book has been written by me. A book has been written by him. A book has been written by them. SUB + has not/ have not + V3 + OBJ I have not written a book. He has not written a book. They have not written a book. OBJ + has/have + not + been + by SUB. A book has not been written by me. A book has not been written by him. A book has not been written by them. Has/ Have + SUB + V3 + OBJ? Have, I written a book? Has, he written a book? Have, they written a book? Has/Have + OBJ + been + by SUB? Has, a book been written by me? Has, a book been written by him? Has, a book been written by them? Has/ Have + SUB + not + V3 + OBJ? Have, I not written a book? Has, he not written a book? Have, they not written a book? Has/Have + OBJ + not + been + by SUB? Has, a book not been written by me? Has, a book not been written by him? Has, a book not been written by them? A.V.(Positive)

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

SUB + is/am/are + V1(ing) + OBJ I am writing a book. He is writing a book. They are writing a book. OBJ + is/am/are + being + V3 + by SUB. A book is being written by me. A book is being written by him. A book is being written by them. SUB + is/am/are + not + V1(ing) + OBJ. I am not writing a book. He is not writing a book. They are not writing a book. OBJ + is/am/are + not + being + V3 + by SUB. A book is not being written by me. A book is not being written by him. A book is not being written by them. Is/Am/Are + SUB + V1(ing) + OBJ? Am, I writing a book? Is, he writing a book? Are, they writing a book? Is/Am/Are + OBJ + being + V3 + by SUB. Is, a book not being written by me? Is, a book not being written by him? Is, a book not being written by them? Is/Am/Are + SUB + not + V1(ing) + OBJ? Am, I not writing a book? Is, he not writing a book? Are, they not writing a book? Is/Am/Are + OBJ + not + being + V3 + by SUB. Is, a book being written by me? Is, a book being written by him? Is, a book being written by them? SUB + has / have + been + V(ing) + since/for + OBJ I have been writing a book since 31st January. I have been living in Delhi for ten years. She has been learning music since last year. They have been teaching in this school for two years. We have been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes. It has been raining heavily since last night. SUB + has / have + not been + V(ing) + since/for + OBJ I have not been writing a book since 31st January. I have not been living in Delhi for ten years. She has not been learning music since last year. They have not been teaching in this school for two years. We have not been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes. It has not been raining heavily since last night. Has / Have + SUB + been + V(ing) + since/for + OBJ? Have, I been writing a book since 31st January? Have, I been living in Delhi for ten years? Has, she been learning music since last year? Have, they been teaching in this school for two years? Have, we been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes? Has, it been raining heavily since last night? Has / Have + SUB + not + been + V(ing) + since/for + OBJ? Have, I not been writing a book since 31st January? Have, I not been living in Delhi for ten years? Has, she not been learning music since last year? Have, they not been teaching in this school for two years? Have, we not been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes? Has, it not been raining heavily since last night?

P.V.(Positive)

P.V.(Positive)

A.V.(Negative)

A.V.(Negative)

P.V.(Negative)

P.V.(Negative)

A.V.(Interrogative)

A.V.(Interrogati ve)

P.V.( interrogative)

P.V.(Interrogativ e)

A.V.( Int-Negative)

A.V.( IntNegative)

P.V.( Int-Negative)

P.V.( IntNegative)

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

A.V.(Positive) A.V.(Positive)

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

P.V.(Positive)

A.V.(Negative)

A.V.(Negative)

P.V.(Negative)

A.V.(Interrogative)

A.V.(Interrogati ve)

P.V.( Interrogative)

A.V.( Int-Negative)

A.V.( IntNegative)

P.V.( Int-Negative)

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PAST INDEFINITE TENSE

A.V.(Positive) SUB + V2 + OBJ. I wrote a book. He wrote a book. They wrote a book. OBJ + was/were + V3 + by SUB. A book was written by me. A book was written by him. A book was written by them. SUB + did not + V1+ OBJ I did not write a book. He did not write a book. They did not write a book. OBJ + was/were + not + V3 + by SUB. A book was not written by me. A book was not written by him. A book was not written by them. Did + SUB + V1+ OBJ? Did I write a book? Did he write a book? Did they write a book? Was/Were + OBJ + V3 + by SUB? Was, a book written by me? Was, a book written by him? Was, a book written by them? Did +SUB+ not + V1+ OBJ? Did, I not write a book? Did, he not write a book? Did, they not write a book? Was/Were + OBJ + not + V3 + by SUB? Was, a book not written by me? Was, a book not written by him? Was, a book not written by them? A.V.(Positive)

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

SUB + was/were + V1(ing) + OBJ. I was writing a book. He was writing a book. They were writing a book. OBJ + was/were + being + V3 + by SUB. A book was being written by me. A book was being written by him. A book was being written by them. SUB + was/were + not + V1(ing) + OBJ I was not writing a book. He was not writing a book. They were not writing a book. OBJ + was/were + not + being + V3 + by SUB. A book was not being written by me. A book was not being written by him. A book was not being written by them. Was/Were + SUB + V1(ing) + OBJ? Was, I writing a book? Was, he writing a book? Were, they writing a book? Was/Were + OBJ + being + V3 + by SUB? Was, a book being written by me? Was, a book being written by him? Was, a book written by them? Was/Were + SUB + not + V1(ing) + OBJ? Was, I not writing a book? Was, he not writing a book? Were, they not writing a book? Was/Were + OBJ + not + being + V3 + by SUB? Was, a book not being written by me? Was, a book not being written by him? Was, a book not being written by them?

P.V.(Positive)

P.V.(Positive)

A.V.(Negative)

A.V.(Negative)

P.V.(Negative)

P.V.(Negative)

A.V.(Interrogative)

A.V.(Interrogati ve)

P.V.( Interrogative)

P.V.( interrogative)

A.V.( Int-Negative)

A.V.( IntNegative)

P.V.( Int-Negative)

P.V.( IntNegative)

PAST PERFECT TENSE

A.V.(Positive) SUB + had + V3 + OBJ I had written a book. He had written a book. They had written a book. OBJ + had been + V3 + by me. A book had been written by me. A book had been written by him. A book had been written by them. SUB + had not + V3 + OBJ I had not written a book. He had not written a book. They had not written a book. OBJ + had not been + V3 + by me. A book had not been written by me. A book had not been written by him. A book had not been written by them. Had + SUB + V3+ OBJ? Had, I written a book? Had, he written a book? Had, they written a book? Had + OBJ + been + V3 + by me. Had, a book been written by me? Had, a book been written by him? Had, a book been written by them? Had + SUB + not + V3 + OBJ? Had, I not written a book? Had, he not written a book? Had, they not written a book? Had + OBJ + not been + V3 + by me. Had, a book not been written by me? Had, a book not been written by him? Had, a book not been written by them? A.V.(Positive)

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

SUB + had been + V(ing) + since/for + OBJ I had been writing a book since 31st January. I had been living in Delhi for ten years. She had been learning music since last year. They had been teaching in this school for two years. We had been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes. It had been raining heavily since last night. SUB + had not been + V(ing) + since/for + OBJ I had not been writing a book since 31st January. I had not been living in Delhi for ten years. She had not been learning music since last year. They had not been teaching in this school for two years. We had not been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes. It had not been raining heavily since last night. Had + SUB + been + V(ing) + since/for + OBJ? Had, I been writing a book since 31st January? Had, I been living in Delhi for ten years? Had, she been learning music since last year? Had, they been teaching in this school for two years? Had, we been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes? Had, it been raining heavily since last night? Had + SUB + not + been + V(ing) + since/for + OBJ? Had, I not been writing a book since 31st January? Had, I not been living in Delhi for ten years? Had, she not been learning music since last year? Had, they not been teaching in this school for two years? Had, we not been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes? Had, it not been raining heavily since last night?

P.V.(Positive)

A.V.(Negative)

A.V.(Negative)

P.V.(Negative)

A.V.(Interrogative)

A.V.(Interrogati ve)

P.V.(Interrogative)

A.V.( Int-Negative)

A.V.( IntNegative)

P.V.( Int-Negative)

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FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE

A.V.(Positive) SUB + will/ shall + V1+ OBJ. I shall write a book. He will write a book. They will write a book. OBJ + will be/ shall be + V3+ by SUB. A book will be written by me. A book will be written by him. A book will be written by them. SUB + will not/ shall not + V1+ OBJ. I shall not write a book. He will not write a book. They will not write a book. OBJ + will/ shall + not be + V3+ by SUB. A book shall not be written by me. A book will not be written by him. A book will not be written by them. Will/Shall + SUB + V1+ OBJ? Shall, I write a book? Will, he write a book? Will, they write a book? Will / Shall OBJ + be + V3+ by SUB. Shall, a book be written by me? Will, a book be written by him? Will, a book be written by them? Will/Shall + SUB + not + V1+ OBJ? Shall, I not write a book? Will, he not write a book? Will, they not write a book? Will / Shall OBJ + not be + V3+ by SUB. Shall, a book not be written by me? Will, a book not be written by him? Will, a book not be written by them? SUB + will/shall + have + V3 + OBJ. I shall have written the book. He will have written the book. They will have written the book. OBJ + will/shall + have been + V3 + OBJ. A book shall have been written by me? A book will have been written by him? A book will have been written by them? SUB + will/shall + not have + V3 + OBJ I shall not have written the book. He will not have written the book. They will not have written the book. OBJ + will/shall+ not have been + V3 +OBJ. A book shall not have been written by me. A book will not have been written by him. A book will not have been written by them. Will/Shall + SUB + have + V3+ OBJ? Shall, I have written the book? Will, he have written the book? Will they have written the book? Will/Shall+ OBJ + have been +V3 + OBJ. Shall, A book have been written by me? Will, A book have been written by him? Will, A book have been written by them? Will/Shall + SUB + not have + V3+ OBJ? Shall, I have not written the book? Will, he have not written the book? Will they have not written the book? Will/Shall+ OBJ + not have been +V3 +OBJ. Shall, A book not have been written by me? Will, A book not have been written by him? Will, A book not have been written by them? A.V.(Positive)

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

SUB + will be/shall be + V1(ing) + OBJ. I shall be writing a book. He will be writing a book. They will be writing a book.

P.V.(Positive)

A.V.(Negative)

A.V.(Negative)

SUB + will not be/shall not be + V1(ing) + OBJ. I shall not be writing a book. He will not be writing a book. They will not be writing a book.

P.V.(Negative)

A.V.(Interrogative)

A.V.(Interrogati ve)

Will/ shall + SUB + be + V1(ing) + OBJ? Shall, I be writing a book? Will, he be writing a book? Will, they be writing a book?

P.V.(Interrogative)

A.V.( Int-Negative)

A.V.( IntNegative)

Will/ shall + SUB + not + be + V1(ing) + OBJ? Shall, I not be writing a book? Will, he not be writing a book? Will, they not be writing a book?

P.V.( Int-Negative)

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

A.V.(Positive) A.V.(Positive)

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

SUB + will/shall+ have been + V(ing) + since/for + OBJ. I shall have been writing a book since 31st January. She will have been learning music since last year. They will have been teaching in this school for two years. We shall have been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes.

P.V.(Positive)

A.V.(Negative)

A.V.(Negative)

P.V.(Negative)

SUB + will/shall+ not have been + V(ing) + since/for + OBJ. I shall not have been writing a book since 31st January. She will not have been learning music since last year. They will not have been teaching in this school for two years. We shall not have been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes.

A.V.(Interrogative)

A.V.(Interrogati ve)

P.V.(Interrogative)

Will/Shall + SUB + have been + V(ing) + since/for + OBJ? Shall, I have been writing a book since 31st January? Will, she have been learning music since last year? Will, they have been teaching in this school for two years? Shall, we have been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes?

A.V.( Int-Negative)

A.V.( IntNegative)

P.V.( Int-Negative)

Will/Shall + SUB + not have been + V(ing) + since/for + OBJ? Shall, I not have been writing a book since 31st January? Will, she not have been learning music since last year? Will, they not have been teaching in this school for two years? Shall, we not have been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes?

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IMPORTANT POINTS Present Indefinite Tense I Singular (he, she, it) Plural (you, we, they) Present Continuous Tense I Singular (he, she, it) Plural (you, we, they) : : : : : : Verb (1st Form) Verb (1st Form) x s or es Verb (1st Form) am is are

Present Perfect Tense / Present Perfect Continuous Tense I : have / have been Singular (he, she, it) : has / has been Plural (you, we, they) : have / have been Past Indefinite Tense While using did in sentence only use first form of verb. Future Tense I, we He, she, you, they etc. : : shall will

Use of since or for: If the starting point is given then since is used & if the starting point is not given for is used.

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