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The Expository

Preaching Method
(A Handbook for Pastors)

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trIawmf\ &nf&G,fcsufaysmufoGm;Ekdif jzpf\/ rdrdtoufwm
vufawGUtokH;jyKEkdifrnfh cGeftm;,lcsuftwGuf &&Sdaom tawG;udkom
0wfjyKMunfndKaomoabmESifh csa&;yg/
(i) qkawmif;yg
yg/
/ tqifh qifjcifatmufarh&&Sad om tawG;udk qkawmif;csut
f jzpf
ajymif; bk&m;udk pum;ajymjcif;jzpf\/
(p) a0iS y g/
/
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wpfa,mufa,mufodkY a0iSjcif;jzifh twnfjyKyg/ ZeD; odkYr[kwf
trIawmfaqmifoil ,fcsi;f tcsi;f csi;f odYk a0iSjcif;jzifh twnfjyKEkid o
f nf/
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a'oemq&monf ormoDvrsm;udk wwftm;oa&TU vkdufpm;&rnf/
1 wdarmao 6;11 i,f&G,faom a'oemq&mwpfOD;vkdufpm;&onfh oDvajcmufyg;udk
awGU&onf/ if;wdkYrSm ajzmifhrwfpGm usifhjcif;? bk&m;0wf arGUavsmfjcif;? ,kHMunfjcif;? cspfjcif;?
onf;cHjcif;? El;nHUodrfarGUjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/
(u) ajzmifhrwfpGmusifhjcif;/ / bk&m;a&SU? vla&SUrSefaom tjyKtrludk qkdonf/
u,fwif jcif; c&pfawmftm;jzifh &aomajzmifrh wfjcif;udrk qkyd J c&pf,meftoufwm
oefY&Sif;pGm touf&SifrIudk ajymvdk jcif; jzpfonf/
bk&m;0wfarGUavsmfjcif;// bk&m;0wf arGUavsmjf cif;onf bk&m;\ oabmxm;
(c)
ESihf touf&iS jf cif;jzpf\/ rSeu
f efonfh jyKral qmif&u
G cf suo
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MunfndKudkif;Idif;rIjzpf\/
,kHMunfjcif;/
(*)
/ t&mt&mtwGuf bk&m;udk udk;pm;jcif;? bk&m;tay:
t<uif;rJhopm apmifhjcif;yifjzpf\/
(C) cspfjcif;/
/ cspf j cif ; qk d o nf r sm tajctaeay: rl w nf a om

pdwfcHpm;rI oufoufarwmrsKd;r[kwf? t<uif;rJh arwmjzpf\/ bk&m;ocifESifh


,kHMunfol omoemyvltm;vkH;odkY a&SUIaom arwmjzpf\/
oD;cHjcif;/
(i)
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opmapmifo
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(p)
rdrdukd,frdrd <um;0g&ef bmrQr&Sd/ wefcdk;BuD;aom bk&m;vufawmfatmuf
ocifudkom csD;ajrmuf&ef tNrJwap &SmazGaeoljzpf\/
a'oemq&monf usrf;pmu awmif;qkdaom wm0efokH;&yfudk tpOfjznfh qnf;ae&rnf/
2 wdarmao 2;1-4 wGif aygvku i,f&G,folwdarmaotm; usrf;pmu jznfhqnf;&ef
awmif;qkdaeonfh wm0efokH;&yfudk Oyrmpum;rsm;ESifh ykHazmfjycJh\/
(u) ppfol&JuJhodkY qif;&J'kuudkonf;cHjcif;
ormw&m;a[m&onfh bk&m;ocif\ vlonf qif;&J'u
k c pH m;&ef tqifoifh jzpfae&
rnf/ w&m;yvif a'oema[maeolonf ta&;BuD;aom 0dnmOfwdkufyGJ yg0if
wku
d cf u
dk af eoljzpf\/ xkYdaMumifh bk&m;\ vufeufpu
Hk kd rnfoYdk0wf&aMumif; odxm;&
{zuf 6;1-20)
onf/ ({zuf
6;1-20)/ xkdYtjyif pGefYvTwftepfemcH&efvnf; jyifxm;&\/ ol\
yxrOD;pm;ay;wm0efonf ormw&m;udk a[m&efjzpfaomfvnf; tjcm;tvkyrf sm;ESihf
Iyaf ewwfonfrmS 0rf;enf;zG,jf zpf\/ xkYdaMumifh vlwYkd\ vufcyk Mf obmudk &zdYkxuf
olYtwGuf taocHawmfrlaom ocifhudk ESpfoufapzdkY&ef omta&;BuD;\/
NydKifyGJ0iftm;upm;orm;uJhodkY emcHjcif;/
(c)
aygvkwYkdacwfumvu tm;upm;orm;rsm; &nf&,
G cf suo
f ;Hk ckxm; vkyaf qmifwwf
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wwd,rSm atmifjrifrIjzpf\/ xkdYaMumifh aygvku aumif;aomwkdufvSefjcif;udk
igjyKNyD[k qkcd jhJ cif;jzpf\/ c&pf,meftoufwmESihf tkv
d yH pfyJG uGmjcm;onfrmS tdv
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v,form;onf yifyef;wBuD;xGe
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bmrQrwwfEkdif/ bk&m;udkom arQmfudk;&\/ xkdenf;wl bk&m;ocifvlonf tywf

wukwfBudK;pm;jyifqif a'oemzefwD; a[majymaomfvnf; bk&m;uomvQif


y&dwfowfESvkH;om;udk wdkYxdajymif;vJapygrnfhtaMumif; arQmfvifhudk;pm;&\/
qkawmif;jcif;udk OD;pm;ay;jcif;
a'oemq&mb0 qkawmif;jcif;onf cRif;csufoabmrjzpfap&/ qkawmif;jcif;onf
a'oem q&m\ 0dnmOfa&;&m t&nftcsif;pHrSDaMumif; azmfjycsufwpfckyifjzpf\/ bk&m;u
a'oemq&mudk EIwfuywftm;jzifh pum;ajym\/ a'oemq&mu bk&m;udk qkawmif;jcif;jzifh
wkHUjyefajymqkd\/ usrf;pmzwfjcif;udkom txl;jyKygu bk&m;ESifh qufoG,f&m rBuD;xGm;Ekdif/
a'oemonfvnf; ynmay;a[majymcsuw
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jzpf\/
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tcsed &f orQ ,l&rnf/ ormoDvrsm;udk tpOfjznfu
h sihf vku
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tcef;(4)
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oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfbk&m;\u@
a'oemq&monf oefY&iS ;f aom 0dnmOfawmfb&k m;\ tvif;ay;rIr&Syd ?J ESv;Hk om;ajymif;vJ
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jzpf\/ (qmvH 119;18)
119;18)/ odYk&mwGif 0dnmOfawmfu bk&m;ociftaMumif; tdyo
f eG zf marSmufoad pjcif;
w&m; 29;29) r[kwo
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({zuf 4;11-13) xdYktwl a'oemq&mbufrS vky&f rnft
h vkyf bmrQr&S/d 0dnmOfawmfuom tvk;H pkH
vkyfaqmifay;rnf[laom oabmvnf; roufa&mufyg/ taMumif;rSm aygvku wdarmaoudk
EIwfuywfawmf ydkif;jcm;em;vnfoljzpfa&; tm;vkwf&ef rSmxm;jzpf\/ (2 wdarmao 2;15)/
xkYd aMumifh bk&m;ocif\ vlonf tcsed ,
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rarQmfvifhEkdifyg/ 0dnmOfawmftvif;ay;rIaMumifhomvQif a'oemq&monf EIwfuywfawmfudk

em;vnf xkdem;vnfrIt& y&dowfudk jyefvnfa0rQvufawGU tokH;csapEkdifrnfjzpf\/


qkawmif;jcif;\u@
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k jf yifqifjcif;ESihf vufawGUb0twGuf
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vdt
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usrf;ydk'fudk qkawmif;a&G;cs,f&m wpfvpm? wpfESpfpm BudKwifa&G;cs,fjcif;onfvnf; rrSm;yg/
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w&m;emolonf ooemyvljzpfygu tjypf aoaernfjzpf\/ ({zuf 2;1)/ bk&m;ESihf


tqufjywfae Mum;aoma'oemudk tvdt
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zefwD;Edkifrnf/ tqD avsmfqHk;usrf;yk'frsm; a&G;cs,fEdkifayvdrfhrnf/
tawG;pkrsm;
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a&G;aumufjcif; a&mr 9-11?
9-11?oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfqkaus;Zl; 1 aum 12-14?
12-14?ponfjzifh )/
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tcef;(5)
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a'oem\tawG;r[mudk rrSwfrdEdkifjzpf&onfrSm a'oemtrsm;pkonf awG;vufcJGrsm;pGmESifh
pkzUGJ xm;aomaMumifah ywnf;/ xdYk aMumifh y&dowfwYkd vufawGUb0 vky aqmif&ef tawG;r[mudk
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qifjcifrIrsm;pGmu odkif;zJGYaxmufuefxm;onfh tawG;r[mudk ay;&ef jzpf\/Oyrmtm;jzifh
wrefawmftcef;BuD; 2 wGif aywku tvm;wl tawG;r[mwpfckudk a'oemtqHk; csay;cJh\/
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if;wdkYrSm -(1) b,folvJ? (2) bmvJ? (3) b,fae&mvJ? (4) bmaMumifhvJ? (5) b,ftcsdefvJ?
(6) b,fvb
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1/
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xm0&bk&m;udk rsufarSmufjyKavmh/ odkYjyKvQif oif\vrf;c&D;wdkdYudk yJhjyifawmfrlrnf/(okwH 3;5-6)
tar; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------tajz --------------------------------------------------------------------------------2/
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tar; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------tajz --------------------------------------------------------------------------------3/
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tar; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------tajz --------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------4/
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trSDrjyKvQif tb,folrQ crnf;awmfxHodkY ra&muf&/ ( a,m 14;16)
tar; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------tajz --------------------------------------------------------------------------------5/
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aumif;uifbHk &Sad wmfral om ighcrnf;awmf\ tvku
d dk aqmifaomolomvQif 0if&vdrrhf nf/ (rJ?
7;21)
tar; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------tajz --------------------------------------------------------------------------------6/
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oifhukd zefqif;awmfrlaomt&Sifukd atmufarhavmh/ (a'oem? 12;1)
tar; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------tajz --------------------------------------------------------------------------------7/
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(1 wd 5;1-3)
tar; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------tajz --------------------------------------------------------------------------------8/
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tavsmufa&mufonfr[kwf/ bk&m;ocifoem;awmfrl&m jzpfownf;/ ukd,fukodkvfaMumifh
u,fwifawmfrljcif;odkU a&mufonfr[kwf/ okdUjzpf tb,folrQ 0g<um;p&mtcGifhr&Sd/({zuf 2;8-

9)
tar; --------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------tajz --------------------------------------------------------------------------------9/
tjypfrSvTwfjcif;? 'kpkduftjypfukd zkH;tkyfjcif;okdU a&mufaomolonf r*Fvm&Sd\/
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tcef;(6)
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ukd tusOf;csKyfaz:jycsuf a&;ygu atmufygtwkdif;a&;Ekdifonf1/
qmvHq&monf oefU&Sif;a&;XmeokdU r0ifrSDol\b0ukd em;rvnfEkdifjzpf&onf/ (1-6)
2/
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(17)
3/
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em;vnfvufcHoGm;onf/ (18-28)
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ay:ay:vGifvGifajymaom t&mrsm;jzpf&rnf/ vlwdkU\vdktyfcsufESifh ESvkH;om;ukd xd&SNyD;
vkyfaqmifrIokdU a&SUIap&rnfjzpf\/
tcef;(7)
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y#dyutoGifaqmifaerIukd em;vnfajz&Sif;&ef twGuf oif xm0&ESifhqkdifaom awG;ac:rIwpfck
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okH;vQifykdrSefrnf/ a'oemq&monf ,aeUol\b0 &Sdaeonfh oefU&Sif;a&;Xmersm;ukd
azmfxkwf&Sif;jytyfonf/ wwd, qmvHq&monf jiLploltjzpfrS oem;*kPmpdwf&Sdoltjzpf

ajymif;oGm;\/ taMumif;rSm rw&m;aomolwUdk onf ysupf ;D jcif;okUd OD;wnfaeaMumif; em;vnfvm


wpfaMumif;? bk&m;ocifonf qmvHq&mESifhtwl&Sd rpaeonfukdod wif;wdrfESpfodrfhvmEkdif
wpf a Mumif ; jzpf \ / xk d a Mumif h rl v tusOf ; csKyf a z:jycsuf u k d tqD ? tom; jznf h
atmufygtwkdif;jyefa&;vkdufEkdifonf/
1/
qmvHq&monf oefU&Sif;a&;XmeokdU r0ifrSDol\b0ukd em;rvnfEkdifjzpf&onf/ (1-16)
(u) rw&m;olwdkU <u,f0csrf;om;aeykH
(c) rdrdrSm rSefwm vkyfygvsuf qif;&J'kucHae&ykH
2/
qmvHq&monf oefU&Sif;a&;XmeokdU 0ifaomtcg ol\tjriftm;vkH; ajymif;oGm;onf/
(17)
3/
qmvH q &monf oef U &S i f ; a&;XmerS z,f c G m vmaomtcg ol \ b0uk d em;vnf
vufcHoGm;onf/ (18-28)
(u) rw&m;olwdkU ysufpD;jcif;vrf;okdU OD;wnfaeykH
(c) rdrdb0 bk&m;ocif xdef;csKyfvrf;jyaeojzifh wif;wdrfa&mifh&JrI&SdykH
aemufxyfar;cGe;f wpfcrk mS a'oemq&monf tusO;f csKyfaz:jycsuf ygaoma0g[m&rsm;ESihf
tawG;rsm;ukd vufawGUESifh rnfokdY csdwfquf touf0ifaprnfenf; [ljzpf\/
jyefvnfaz:jycsuf
taMumif;t&mwpfckwnf;ukd xyfcgwpfvJvJ azmfjyjcif;rsKd;r[kwf/ vkd&if;wpfckukd
teufwpl um;vk;H uGrJ sm;ok;H IUa'gift
h rsK;d rsK;d rS azmfjyjcif;jzpf\/ a'oemq&m txl;jyKvadk omtcsuf
okUd r[kwf em;vnf&ef cufcaJ om tcsuu
f dk jyefvnfazmfjycsuef nf;ok;H wifjyvQif xda&mufr&I \
dS /
y&dowfonf wpfBudrfMum;&kHESifh t"dyg,fESifh txl;jyKcsufukd &roGm;Ekdif/ okdUaomf oHuGJaMumif;wl
pum;vkH;rsm;okH; vkd&if;ukd tenf;qkH; (3) Budrf jyefvnfazmfjyvQif y&dowfem;pGJoGm;Ekdifonf/
t"dyg,fzG,fhqkdcsufESifh &Sif;vif;csuf
pum;vkH;wpfvkH; okdUr[kwf tawG;wpfckukd y&dowfem;rvnfEkdif[k oHo&&SdvQif
t"dyg,fzGifh&efESifh &Sif;&efvkdonf/ qmvH 73 ]]oefU&Sif;a&;Xme}} [laom pum;vkH;ukd
zGifhqkd&Sif;jyoifhonf/ rl&if;pmvkH; trsm;udef;jzpfaeojzifh Adrmefawmf odkUr[kwf toif;awmf[k
qkd&efrsm;pGm roifhvS/ qmvHq&mtzkdU oefU&Sif;a&;Xmeonf bk&m;ocifESifh awGUqkH&mae&mrsm;[k
st"dyg,f,lEkdif\/ ae&m a'oemq&monf bk&m;ocifESifhawGUqkH&m ae&mrsm;ukd
trsK;d rsK;d zGiq
hf Edk idk \
f / xkad e&monf eHeufapmapm tdy&f mrSE;dk qkawmif;ae&mjzpfEidk \
f /wpfcgwpf&H
oef;acgif bk&m;ocif trSwfwrJh vefUEkd;apojzifh vlrsm;twGuf qkawmif;rdaom tajctae?
a'oemtwGuf qifjcifrt
I opfrsm; &aomae&m? rdru
d ,
dk u
f dk rdrd jyefqifjcifrad om ae&mjzpfEidk \
f /
odkYr[kwf pufbD;pD;pOf? qkdifu,farmif;pOf? vrfavQmufpOfwdkU ykHrSef usrf;pmavhvmcsdefrSmyif

r&S d b l ; aom bk & m;ES i f h tquf t oG , f & rd j cif ; tajctaersm;ygEk d i f \ / wpf c gwpf & H
usrf;pmavhvmaepOfESifh a'oemjyifqifpOf? vkyfaeonfESifh vm;vm;rQ rqkdifbJ bk&m;ocifu
tjcm;odapvkdonfh ormw&m;wpfckckESifh ywfowf tvif;ay;rIrsKd;vnf; tusKH;0ifEkdif\/
bk&m;ausmif; oDcsif;qkdpOf ?qkawmif;csufwpfckckukd emcHpOf ? usrf;wpfykd'fukd zwf&GwfpOf?
a'oemwpfykd'fukd Mum;empOf a'oemq&m\ ESvkH;pdwf0rf; bk&m;ocif;\xkdufwefrItaMumif;
tqD;w&m;r&Sd azmfjyvmvkdpdwfrsm; wzGm;zGm;ay:vmjcif;rsKd;vnf; ywfowfEkdif\/ xkdOyrmonf
oefU&Sif;a&;Xme (rsm;) ukd &Sif;jyaeNyD; qmvHq&mukdvnf;aumif;? a'oemq&mukdvnf;aumif;?
rnfokdUajymif;vJaponfukd zGifhqkdEkdifonf/
a'oemtcsuftvufrsm;
tcsuftvufrsm;[kqkd&m awGUjrifcsufrsm;? Oyrmrsm;? udef;u*Pef;rsm;ESifh a'oemukd
taxmuftuljyKaom tcsuftvufrsm;yg0ifonf/ tcsuftvufrsm;ukd rSefrSefuefuef
tokH;jyKjcif;tm;jzifh y&dowfonf vkd&if;ukd em;vnfEdkifNyD; av;pm;orIvnf; &Sdvmonf/
udef*Pef;ukdazmfjy&mwGif tpGef;xGufrygaom *Pef;jynfhrsm;okH;Ekdifonf/ twdkif;txGmrsm;ukd
az:jy&mwGif tvsm; rnfrQ? teHrnfrQ? tjrifhrnfrQ ponfwdkUudk az:jy&kHESifhrNyD;? omrefvlwpfOD;
em;vnfvG,faom a0g[m&ESifh,SOfjyvQif ykdaumif;onf/ (Oyrm abmvkH;uGif; wpfuGif;pm?
igxyfwkduf tjrifhcefU? x&yfum;BuD; wpfpD;wdkuf ponfjzifh)/
tukd;tum;rsm;
y&dowftm&kH pGJNidusefaeap&efESifh a'oemtpkd;w& &SdykHukdjy&ef tukd;tum;rsm;ukd
ok;H Ekid o
f nf/ vk&d if;ukd &Si;f atmif? rarhatmif ?oD;oefUazmfjyvkv
d Qif ok;H Edik o
f nf/ okUd aomf usK;d Mum;om
okH;oifhonf/ ukd;um;csufonf rsm;pGm r&Snfoifh? &SnfvGef;ygu a'oemq&m\ t&Sdeft0g
usvmrnfjzpf\/ uk;d um;csurf sm;ok;H &m pOf;pm;oifah vsmaf om tcsurf sm;rSm atmufygtwkid ;f jzpf\/
(u) a'oemq&monf ukd;um;csufukdokH;Ekdifavmufatmif tawGUtBuKHynm&nf
&Syd govm;/
(c) ukd;um;csufonf rdrdvufawGU rsufawGUavm/
wpfqifhajymoavm/
(*) ukd;um;csufonf "r'dXmefusoavm/ yk*K vfpGJygoavm/
(C) ukd;um;csufudk y&dowf rnfokdUoabmxm;oenf;/
ZwfaMumif;ajymjycsufrsm;
wpfOD;uajym wpfOD;u em;axmifaeykH? wpfenf;tm;jzifh ZwfaMumif;ajymenf;ESifh
orusrf;pmukd rSwfwrf;wifxm;onf[k qkdEkdif\/ a'oemq&monf ZwfaMumif; ajymenf;okH;
a'oem\ vk d t yf o nf t yk d i f ; rsm;wG i f ord k i f ; ? ,Of a us;rI ? Zwf a umif v I y f & S m ;rI w d k U uk d

pdwful;OmPfuGefUjrL; xyfaqmif; wnfaqmufoGm;vQif y&dowftzkdU Zwfaumif\


vufawGUb0yg0if cHpm;vmEkdifayonf/ Zwfaumif\ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ukdvnf; rdrdwdkUb0ESifh
xif[yf pOf;pm;vmEkdifMuayrnf/
O'g[kPfrsm;
tusOf;csKyfaz:jycsuf&;dk wHudk tqDtom;jynf&h m O'g[&kPrf sm;ukd trsm;qk;H ok;H NrJjzpf\/
if;wdkUu vkyfief;pkHvkyfonf/ acwfopfy&dowf a'oemukd em;vnfEkdiforQ em;vnfatmif
qufpyf&iS ;f jyay;onf/ a'oemukd ykjd rifaponf/ oufaoxlonf/ vufawGUb0 tok;H usaponf/
a'oemq&monf ,aeUy&dowfwdkU bmvkyfoifhonf[k ajym&kHESifhrNyD;? b,fvkdvkyfrnf[lonfh
enf;vrf;ukdyg ajy&onf/ xkdtwGuf O'g[&kPfrsm;u ulnDay;Ekdifonf/ rSwfOmPfukd ulyHhEkdifNyD;
a'oemq&mESifh y&dowftaMumif; &if;ESD;rIukd ygaqmufwnfay;Ekdifonf/ Oyrm tqifhtwef;
trsK;d rsK;d teuf a'oemq&mESihf y&dowf wkUd uk,
d w
f idk f vufawGU rsuaf wGUcHpm;zl;aom Oyrmrsm;onf
txda&mufqkH; Oyrmrsm;jzpfMuonf/ a'oemq&m rBuKHzl;aomfvnf; y&dowfBuHKzl;vQif
'kwd,tqifhvkdufonf/ a'oemq&mom BuHKzl;NyD; y&dowfrBuKHzl;vQif wwd,tqifh&Sdonf/
a[mola&m?emolyg rBuKHzl;aom; Oyrm (vay:vrf;avQufjcif;) onf tedrfYqkH;jzpfonf/
tcef;(8)
a'oemukd rdwfqufjcif;ESifh tqkH;owfjcif;
tqifah &mufvQif a'oemtrsm;pku tvkyNf yD;NyD? a'oempa[m &NyD[k xifwwfMf u\/
ta&;BuD;vkyfief; (2) &yf usefygao;\/ if;wdkYrSm rdwfqufjcif;ESifh tqHk;owfjcif;wdkYjzpfMu\/
Mum;emol rnforl qd\
k pdwx
f J ed'gef;ESihf ed*;kH udk Mum;emjcif;tm;jzifh a'oemudk emkrH QomjyKrnfvm;/
vufawGUvkyfrnfvm;[lonfudk qHk;jzwfp&m jzpfvmap\/ ed'gef;ESifh ed*Hk;wdkYonf pmudk,fuJhodkY
tvm;wl nDwn
l rD Q ta&;ygojzifh pmud,
k jf yifouJo
h Ykd tcsed ,
f t
l yfonf/ a'oem\xda&mufro
I nf
ed'gef;ESifh ed*Hk;wdkYtay: tm;BuD;pGm wnfrSDvsuf &Sdaeonf/
rdwfqufjcif;
rdwq
f ufaumif;vQif tusK;d (4) yg;&aponf/ if;wdYk rmS (1) a'oem\tawG;r[mtay:
y&dowftmkpH u
kd v
f mapjcif;?(2) y&dowfwYkd rdrw
d Ykd tm;enf;csufukd odrw
S Nf yD; xkt
d wGuf a'oemu
ay;pGr;f rnfjzpfaMumif; pdwcf s&rI&adS pjcif;? (3) pmud,
k u
f kd vrf;aMumif;jcif;? (4) a'oem\ydYk tm;udk
odvG,fapjcif;wdkY jzpfMu\/ atmufwGif xdktusKdd; (4) yg;udk ydkjrifomatmif jyvdkygonf/
xd d a &muf a om rd w f q uf j cif ; onf a'oem\ tawG ; r[mtay: y&d o wf t m;
tmkpH u
kd v
f maponf/
y&dowftmkHudk zrf;pm;rnfhtBuHjyKrdwfqufyHktcsKdUrSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf/
(u)0da&m"dpum;rsm;(qefYusifbuft&mESpfck ygaeojzifh rjzpfEdkif[k xif&aom az:jycsuf)

ESifh tpjyKjcif;/
(c)tar;om&SdNyD;? tajzrvdkaom ar;cGef;rsKd;ESifh tpjyKjcif;/
(*)usrf;ydk'fzwfNyD;aemuf usrf;ydk'ftaMumif;udk y&dowf jiif;cHkvmp&m a0zefoHk;oyfrIrsKd;ESifh
tpjyKjcif;/
(C)a[maomusrf;yd'k o
f nf cufcaJ om usrf;yd'k jf zpfygu cufcaJ Mumif; az:jyrIEiS hf tpjyKjcif;/
(i)usrf;ydk'fodkY wkdufdkuf0ifa&muftpjyKjcif;/
(p)yHkjyifZmwfvrf;ESifh tpjyKjcif;/
(q)y&dowfudk &ifqdkifpdrfac:&ma&mufaom az:jycsufESifh tpjyKjcif;/
xda&mufaomrdwfqufjcif;onf y&dowf tm;enf;csufwpfck&SdaeaMumif;
cHpm;odjrifaponf/
y&dowfonf rdwfqufrIu az:xkwfjyonfh rdrdwdkYtoD;oD;\ tm;enf;vdktyfcsufudk
owdrlrdonfESifh Mum;&rnfha'oemonf em;axmifcsifzG,fjzpfkHru em;axmiftyfonfh
a'oemjzpf a Mumif ; ud k y g od o G m ;Murnf jzpf \ / xd k Y aMumif h a'oemNyD ; onf E S i f h
taMumif;csi;f &mESpcf jk zpfay:\/y&dowfwYkd ykd rdk em,lvpkd w
d f &Sv
d mMu\/ awG;ac:yHrk sm; ydrk akd qmvsipf mG
ajymif;vJvm ajymif;vJrIonfvnf; Mum&Snfav;jrifhvmawmh\/ xdkYaemufwGif toufwmrsm;
ajymif;v Jvmawmh\/
xda&mufaomrdwfqufjcif;onf pmudk,fudk rdwfqufvrf;aMumif;ay;onf/
rdwfqufjcif;onf tquftpyfr&Sd?txD;usef rjzpf&/ taMumif;t&mwpfckckESifh
ywfouf&rnf/ xdktaMumif;t&monf pmudk,fyifjzpf\/ rdwfqufvdkufonffESifh y&dowfu
rdrdbmajymawmh rnfqdkonfudk odEdkif&rnf/ okdYaomf rdwfquf&m pmudk,ftaMumif;
tuket
f pifxnfah jym&efrvd?k rdwq
f uf&m tukex
f nfah [mvdu
k yf g rdwq
f ufNyD;onfEiS hf y&dowfwYkd
tvQKdvQKd aysmufukef&efom&Sd\/
xda&mufaomrdwfqufjcif;onf a'oem\ydkYtm;udk odvG,faponf/
a'oemydkYtm;udk odvG,faponfh vuPmwdkYrSm(1) yk*dKvfa&;&mqefjcif;(y&dowf aeYwpf"l0BuHKae&onfh rdom;pkb0? tvkyftudkif?
usef;rma&;qdkif&mwdkYtay: tajcjyKjcif;)/
(2) awmif ; yef p um;ES i f h b,f a wmh t cgrQ rpwif j cif ; (rd r d t vS n f r [k w f y J
a[m&onfhtwGufaMumifh? odkYr[kwf jyifqifcsdefr&onfhtwGufaMumifh?odkYr[kwf
xdkodkYaom tm;enf;csufrsm;aMumifhcGifhvTifhyg&ef pum;yvifcHjcif;rsKd;uJhodkYaom
awmif;yefpum;ESifh rpwifjcif;)/
tqHk;owfjcif;

uRr;f usiaf om av,mOfrLS ;u rdrad v,mOfukd pD;olyif rodvu


kd af tmif acsmarGUNidrahf nmif;pGm
ajy;vrf;ay: qif;ouf &yfem;wwfouJo
h Ykd vdrm aom a'oemq&monf rdrad 'oem&yf&rnfah e&m?
&yf&rnhftcsdefwdkYudk od\/ ed*Hk;\&nf&G,fcsufonf tqHk;owf&efjzpf qHk;vQifqHk;aMumif;
odap&rnf/ tqHk;owfenf;tjzpf atmufygtwdkif; toHk;jyKEkdifonf/
(u) tusOf;csKyfjyefvnfaz:jyjcif;enf;/ /
tusOf;csKyf jyefvnfaz:jyjcif;qdkonfrSm t"du qdkvdk&if;tay: tmkHjyK t"du
tcsufrsm;udk jyefvnfaz:jyjcif;jzpf\/ wdkawmif;NyD; tqHk;owf raocsmrIwdkYudk
jyefvnfpkpnf;jcif; jzpf\/ odkYaom a'oemopf jyefa[mjcif;rsKd; rjzpfap&/
(c) Oyrmay;enf;/ //OyrmESit
hf qH;k owfjcif;onf taumif;qH;k enf;wpfenf;jzpfonf/
OyrmqH k ; onf E S i f h
a'oemvnf ; qH k ; &\/
Oyrmay;NyD ; aemuf
xyfro
H ;kH oyfcsuaf y;&rnfqykd gu wpfaMumif; odYkr[kwf ESpaf Mumif;cefYomjzpfoif\
h /
OyrmESifhtqHk;owfNyD; wpfcgwnf;xdkif csvdkufvQif y&dowftcH,lEkdifqHk;jzpf\/
qufNyD; ay&Snaf eygu a'oemrsufEmS i,f&awmhrnfjzpf\/ a'oem q&mtrsm;pk
trSm;rsKd; rSm;wwfMu\/ y&dowfu vdk&if;roGm;&rSm pdk;xyfcsJU&if;csJUjzifh
apwemtpm; a0'emom jzpfapawmh\/
(*) ud k ; um;rI w pf c k c k v k y f e nf ; / / wpf c gwpf & H ed * H k ; ud k rd r d x if o l w pf y g;u
ydkaumif;atmifcsKyfay;Ekdifonfh tcsdef&Sd\/xdktcgrsKd;udk;um;csufudk oHk;&\/
y&d o wf M um;zl ; aom ud k ; um;csuf jzpf y gu txd a &muf q H k ; jzpf \ /
odkYaomfrsm;pGmr&Snfoifh/ y&dowfvnf; rMum;zl; &Snfvnf;&SnfvGef;aom
ud k ; um;csuf a vmuf y&d o wf u d k NiD ; aiG U apaom t&mr&S d / &H z ef & H c g
oDcsif;wpfyk'fnnf;&if; tqHk;owfEdkif\/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif usrf;wpfydk'fzwfvQif
tvkyjf zpfwwf\/
(C) qkawmif;csuf wpfckckawmif;cHenf;/ //qkawmif;csufonfvnf;oifhavsmfaom
ed*Hk;csKyfwpfckjzpfEkdifonf/ odkY&mwGif a'oemjyef a[mouJhodkY rjzpfap&/
yGiv
hf if;d;k om; av;euf&rnf/ odYkaomf &Snv
f sm;aom qkawmif; csuu
f a'oemudk
rsuEf mS i,fapEdik o
f nf/ pmaMumif; ESpaf Mumif;cefU ygaom qkawmif;csuf twdjk zpfvQif
aumif;\/ y&dowfudk,fpm; bk&m;ocifxHOD;wnfMum; avQmufoifh\/
rdwfqufjcif; (ed'gef;) ESifh tqHk;owfjcif; (ed*Hk;) wdkYonf a'oemq&mwdkY\ jyifqifrI
tpkpkwdkY OayumtjyKcH&qHk;jzpfMu\/ a'oema[mvQif tvdkvdkjzpfvmrnf[k ,lqMu\/
pifppftm;jzifh ed'gef;ESifh ed*Hk;wdkUonf 0dnmOfawmffwefcdk;tm;jzifh y&dowfESvHk;om;udk jyiffqifv
suf b0 vufawGUemcHaponfh tvGefta&;ygaom u@rsm;jzpfMu\/ xda&mufaom

ed'gef;ESifhed*Hk;rygvQif a'oemonf ynmay;A[kokw oufoufom jzpf&ef&Sd\/ ed*Hk;tm;jzifh


a'oemq&monf y&dowftmHkudk zrf;pm;&\/ ed*Hk;tm;jzifh vufawGUcGeftm; ,lcsufudk
txda&mufqHk; jyifqifay;&\/ ed*Hk;ydkif; a'oemonf yk*dKvfa&;qefvm\/ 0dnmOfawmfu
Mum;emolukd vufawGUusiahf qmif&ef yk*Kd vaf &;qefqef nTeMf um;vrf;jyjcif;onf ed*;kH ydik ;f wGijf zpf\/
vdrm aom a'oemq&monf ed'gef;ESiehf *d ;kH wdUk udk owd BuD;BuD;xm; tcsed v
f akH vmufatmif,v
l suf
qkawmif;tyfESHNyD; wefcdk;ygatmif vkyfaqmifrnfjzpf\/

tcef; (9)
a['oemq&m ud k , f [ ef t rl t &mtoH k ; jyKjcif ;
a'oemq&m w&m;yv i f a &S U a'oema[mcsd e f o nf tvG e f t a&;BuD ; aom
tcsdefjzpf\/ 0dnmOfawmfu y&dowfESvHk;om; EIwfuywfudk vufawGUusifhaqmif&ef
jyif q if a ecsd e f j zpf a[mol ? emol E S i f h bk & m;twG u f tvG e f t a&;BuD ; vS \ /
a'oem\xda&mufrIonf a'oemq&m\0wfpm;qif,ifrI? cEmvIyf&Sm;rIESifh [eftrlt&m?
rsufvHk;tMunfhrSp oHaeoHxm;wdkYtay: txdkuftavsmuf wnfrSDvsuf&Sd\
0wfpm;qif,ifrI
0wfpm;qif,ifrIonf a'oemudk tm;jznfh;ay;\/ odkYaomfa'oemudk y&dowf
tmkHvJGapatmif vGefuJpGm0wfpm;jcif; odkYr[kwf ndK;ndK;EGrf;EGrf;0wfpm;jcif;rsKd; r&Sdoifh/
y&dowf\,Ofaus;rIESifhtnD oifhwifhpGm 0wfpm;qif,if&efvdk\/ tcrf;tem;onf BudKwif
owfrSwfaMuNimxm;aom yHkpHus tpDtpOfjzpfygu t*FgpHkatmif 0wfpm;&onf/ t"durSm
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tcef;(5)yg avhusifhcef;\tajzrsm;
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tajz/ /udk,fudkudk,f rudk;pm;yJ xm0&bk&m;udkom udk;pm;jcif;tm;jzifh/
tar;/ /aojcif;odkYa&mufaomvrf;rSm rnfonfhvrf; jzpfoenf;/
tajz/ /vlUtxif rSefonf[k ,lqaom vrfrsm;/
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tajz/ /bk&m;ocif\wpfyg;wnf;aom om;awmfudk ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh/
tar;/ /crnf;awmfxHodkY uREkfyfrnfodkYrnfyHk a&mufEdkifrnfenf;/
tajz/ /a,Ic&pfawmftm;jzif/h
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tar;/ /r*Fvm&Sdaomolonf rnfolenf;/
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