Assignment 3

1. Mobility in WLANs. In your answer, think of the capabilities of layer 2 where WLANs reside. (20 marks) (a) How is mobility restricted using WLANs? (10 marks) Answer: Without further mechanisms mobility in WLANs is restricted to the coverage of a single access point, authentication of newly roamed mobile users, the need to support of anonymity and privacy for mobile users, etc. (b) What additional elements are needed for roaming between networks, how and where can WLANs support roaming? (10 marks) In order to support roaming, additional inter access point protocols are needed. The APs have to inform each other about the current active stations within their coverage. This approach is only feasible for local areas, otherwise location registers etc. similar to GSM required. The APs simply operate as transparent, self-learning bridge that need additional information to forget stations faster compared to the aging mechanisms in fixed network bridges. Station identification is based on MAC address. Roaming typically requires a switched layer-2-network. 2. Consider two users A and B in an IEEE 802.11 WLAN system. The backoff delay for user A is 3 minislots and the backoff delay for user B is 4 minislots. The contention window consists of 15 minislots. Here we assume the packet size is constant and the time needed for sending a packet is 10 minislots. We also have the following relationships: SIFS=1 minislot, DIFS=3 SIFSs, PIFS=2 SIFSs. The time needed for sending an RTS, CTS, or ACK is 2 minislots. (35 marks) (a) How priority is supported in 802.11 with DCF? (5 marks) (b) Here we use minislot as time unit. Assume the time interval from 0 to 20 is CFP period and both users are not polled during the CFP period. A packet is ready for transmission at user A at time 5. A packet is ready for transmission at user B at time 20. User A uses basic CSMA/CA access method for transmission and user B adopts RTS/CTS method for sending packets during contention period. Please draw the timing diagram of this scenario. (25 marks) (c) What is the delay experienced for the packet at user A? (5 marks)

3. Please briefly explain the operation of DSR (dynamic source routing) in mobile ad hoc networks. (20 marks) The Dynamic Source Routing protocol (DSR)] is a simple and efficient routing protocol designed specifically for use in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks of mobile nodes. The protocol is composed of the two mechanisms of Route Discovery and Route Maintenance, which work together to allow nodes to discover and maintain source routes to arbitrary destinations in the ad hoc network. The use of source routing allows packet routing to be trivially loop-free, avoids the need for up-to-date routing

information in the intermediate nodes through which packets are forwarded, and allows nodes forwarding or overhearing packets to cache the routing information in them for their own future use. All aspects of the protocol operate entirely on-demand, allowing the routing packet overhead of DSR to scale automatically to only that needed to react to changes in the routes currently in use. 4. Consider Bluetooth. (25 amrks) (a) Consider a piconet with 7 slaves. There is a 64kbps SCO link with HV2 packet format between the master and slave 1. What is the maximum data rate that can be supported for slave 2 from slave 2 to master direction? (10 marks) (b) What is the supported maximum data rate of Bluetooth DM3 asymmetric channel? And what is the efficiency? (15 marks)