The Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 was based entirely on recent market prices for a vineyard's wines,

with one exception: Chteau Mouton Rothschild. Despite the market prices for their vineyard's wines equalling that of Chteau Lafite Rothschild, Chteau Mouton Rothschild was excluded from First Great Growth status, an act that Baron Philippe de Rothschild referred to as 'the monstrous injustice'. It is widely believed that the exception was made because the vineyard had recently been purchased by an Englishman and was no longer in French ownership. Chteau Mouton Rothschild is a wine estate located in the village of Pauillac in the Mdoc, 50 km (30 mi) north-west of the city of Bordeaux, France. Its red wine of the same name is regarded as one of the world's greatest clarets. Originally known as Chteau Brane-Mouton it was renamed by Nathaniel de Rothschild in 1853 to Chteau Mouton Rothschild. It was the first estate to begin complete chteau bottling of the harvest Imperial Wines Of London. In 1973, Mouton was elevated to 'first growth' status after decades of intense lobbying by its powerful and influential owner, the only change in the original 1855 classification (excepting the 1856 addition of Chteau Cantemerle). This prompted a change of motto: previously, the motto of the wine was Premier ne puis, second ne daigne, Mouton suis. ('First, I cannot be. Second, I do not deign to be. Mouton I am.'), and it was changed to Premier je suis, Second je fus, Mouton ne change. ('First, I am. Second, I used to be. But Mouton does not change.') Baron Philippe de Rothschild came up with the idea of having each year's label designed by a famous artist of the day. In 1946, this became a permanent and significant aspect of the Mouton image with labels created by some of the world's great painters and sculptors. The only exception to date is the unusual gold-enamel bottle for 2000. The Vineyards Chteau Mouton Rothschild has its vineyards on the slopes leading down to the Gironde Estuary, in the Bordeaux region, mainly producing grapes of the Cabernet Sauvignon variety. Today, Chteau Mouton Rothschild has 203 acres (0.8 km) of grape vines made up of Cabernet Sauvignon (77%), Merlot (11%), Cabernet Franc (10%) and Petit Verdot (2%). Their wine is fermented in oak vats (they are one of the last chteaux in the Mdoc to use them) and then matured in new oak casks. It is also frequently confused with the widely distributed generic Bordeaux Mouton Cadet.