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CHAPTER

RZ
LUMPED MASS

DY

22

P - DELTA ANALYSIS OF SPACE FRAME STRUCTURE

DX

22.1 INTRODUCTION
The basic concept of P-Delta analysis of space frame structure is same like P-Delta analysis of plane frame structure. The difference is in the defining of the geometric lateral stiffness. Lateral stiffness of the space frame with rigid diaphragm modeling is already explained in the previous chapter. This chapter only discuss about geometric lateral stiffness of space frame structure.

Structural model used for P-Delta analysis is rigid space frame with rigid diaphragm modeling and the weight of the structure is lumped to the center of mass of the diaphragm called master joint. Master joint of rigid diaphragm contains of three DOF, translation in X direction, translation in Y direction and rotation about Z direction, where Z is upward.

22.2 P-DELTA ANALYSIS OF SPACE FRAME STRUCTURE

The load-displacement relationship for structural analysis of space frame including P-Delta effect is

{[KL ] [K G ]}{DL } = {QL }

Where :

22.1

[KL ] [K G ]
{DL } {QL }

= lateral stiffness matrix = geometric lateral stiffness matrix = lateral displacement = lateral load

The geometric lateral stiffness of space frame structure with rigid diaphragm can be defined :

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P-Delta Analysis of Space Frame Structure

0 0 1 0 0 1 X1 0 1 0 0 1 0 Y1 0 0 1 Z1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 2 X2 0 Y 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 Z2 [K G ] = 2 0 0 . . . . 0 2 0 . . . . 0 0 2 . . . . N 0 0 XN 0 N 0 YN N ZN 0 Where :

22.2

[K G ]
N

= geometric lateral stiffness matrix = number of story

The variable value of the equation above is

i =

( P)i + ( P)i+1

22.3

i =

( T )i + ( T )i+1
Hi i

Hi

Hi+1

( P)i =
Hi Hi

Hi+1

i =

( T )i
22.4

( P)i = Mj g
j =i

or

( P)i = Pj
N j =i

N Ti = p jd j2 H j =i i

or
N

Ti = MRi

g Hi

( T )i = Tj
j =i

Where : Pi Ti Hi N Mj MRi pj dj g = story weight level-i = story torsion level-i = story height level-i = number of story = translation mass level-j = rotation mass level-i = axial force at column j = distance column j to centre of rigidity = story rotation = gravity acceleration

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22.3 EXACT P-DELTA ANALYSIS

If the axial force in the vertical element constant we can use exact P-Delta analysis without iteration calculation. For exact P-Delta analysis the variable value for story torsion is

Ti = MRi

g Hi

22.5

22.4 ITERATIVE P-DELTA ANALYSIS

If axial force in the vertical element is not constant we shall used the iterative P-Delta analysis. The variable value for story torsion is N Ti = p jd j2 j =i H i

22.6

22.5 EXAMPLE
22.5.1 Structural Model

D B

CM 5 2500 KG 2,5 25/25

X Y

20/30

A
2,6 5 2,4

20/30

20/30

25/25 4

25/25 4 2,5 5 5 2,5

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P-Delta Analysis of Space Frame Structure

Use iterative P-Delta analysis.

22.5.2 Units, Material and Section Properties

Units Material E

= kg-cm-rad = Reinforced Concrete = 2.1E5

A (cm2)
kg cm2 G = 80770 kg cm2

DIM

I3 (cm4)

I2 (cm4)

J (cm4)

25/25 20/30

625 600

32552 45000

32552 20000

55013 46953

22.5.3 Joint, Element and DOF Numbering

30 27

15
14
8

12
11
9

29 28

24

7 8

13

9
8
21
10 7

26 25

10

18

10 5

3
2
5

6
5

23 22

17 16

20 19

9 1 2

22.5.4 M-Code Matrix

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M= 16 19 22 25 28 17 20 23 26 29 3 6 9 12 15 1 4 7 10 13 2 5 8 11 14 18 21 24 27 30 16 19 22 28 16 17 20 23 29 17 3 6 9 15 3 1 1 4 7 13 2 5 8 14 2 18 21 24 30 18 19 22 25 25 28 20 23 26 26 29 6 9 12 12 15 4 7 10 10 13 5 8 11 11 14 21 24 27 27 30

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22.5.5 Structure Stiffness Matrix

Structure stiffness matrix calculated using the same procedure described in the previous chapter about analysis of space frame structure. Because the structure is large then the calculation is use CAL86 program. The complete calculation of structure stiffness matrix, static condensation etc; describes in the different book using CAL86 program.

22.5.6 Transformation Matrix To Master Joint

1 0 0 1 0 0 1 [TM ] = 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0

250 260 1 250 240 1 0 240 1 250 240 1 250 260 1

22.5.7 Structure Lateral Stiffness Matrix To Master Joint

0 0 4102 .5 [KL ] = 0 5057 .1 292070 0 292070 608210000

22.5.8 Load-Displacement Matrix No P-Delta

[KL ]{DL } = {QL }

0 0 D XM 0 4102.5 0 5057.1 292070 D YM = 2500 R 0 292070 608210000 ZM 0 0 D XM D YM = 0.50845 R 0.00024417 ZM

22.5.9 Geometric Lateral Stiffness Matrix

W1 1 = h1
1

= 40000 kg

( P)1

40000 = 100 kg/cm 400

5

( T )1 = Tj = T1 = p j d j 2
j=1

j=1

0.00024417 = 4622922926 = 2822 400 h1

22 - 5

P-Delta Analysis of Space Frame Structure

RZM -0.00024417 rad

X cm

Y cm

D cm

P kg

D^2 cm^2

P*D^2

CM 1 2 3 4 5

260 0 500 500 500 0

250 0 0 250 500 500

360.7 346.6 240.0 346.6 360.7

9979.18 130100 1298291318 6975.53 120100 837761153 6090.59 57600 350817984 6975.53 120100 837761153 9979.18 130100 1298291318 40000.01 4622922926

1 =

( T )1
h1

2822 = 7.055 400

0 0 100 [K G ] = 0 100 0 0 0 7.055

22.5.10

Load-Displacement Matrix With P-Delta

{[KL ] [K G ]}{DL } = {QL }

4102.5 0 0 100 0 0 D XM 0 0 5057.1 292070 0 100 0 D YM = 2500 0 292070 608210000 0 0 7.055 R ZM 0
0 D XM 0.51901 D YM = R 0.0002492 ZM

The calculation must be repeated until convergences achieved either in the lateral displacement value or the axial force value. For complete calculation process later explained in the different book using CAL86 computer program.

22 - 6