Information Media for Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation Published by: Water Supply and Sanitation Working

Group Advisor: Director General for Human Settlement, Department of Public Works Board of Trustee: Director of Settlement and Housing, National Development Planning Agency Director of Water and Sanitation, Ministry of Health Director of Water Supply Development, Department of Public Works Director of Natural Resources and Appropriate Technology, Director General on Village and Community Empowerment, Department of Home Affairs Director for Facilitation of Special Planning Environment Management, Department of Home Affairs Chief Editor: Oswar Mungkasa Board of Editor: Zaenal Nampira, Indar Parawansa, Bambang Purwanto Editor: Maraita Listyasari, Rheidda Pramudhy, Raymond Marpaung, Fany Wedahuditama Design/Illustrator: Rudi Kosasih Production: Machrudin Distribution: Agus Syuhada Address: Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat Phone/Fax.: 62-21-31904113 http://www.ampl.or.id e-mail: redaksipercik@yahoo.com redaksi@ampl.or.id oswar@bappenas.go.id Unsolicited article or opinion items are welcome. Please send to our address or e-mail. Don't forget to be brief and accompanied by identity.

From The Editor Your Voice Main Report Communication And WSES Development Public Media International Sanitation Year Corner Five Messages of Sanitation Regulation Public Work Minister Regulation No. 20/PRT/M/2006 on National Policy and Strategy of water Supply System Development Insight Clean Water, Sanitation and Disaster Risk Reduction Community Based Landfill Monitoring Worlds Handwashing With Soap Day Government and Private Cooperation (KPS) in the Water Supply Sector Looking at Jakartas Case within the Context of KPS Dynamic Innovation Hidayat Energy Producer from Garbage Repor Official Appoinment of School Toilet in Tangerang Mirror Djamaludin Suryohadikusumo Making Compost with Love Plan Roundabout ISSDP Roundabout Waspola Roundabout Our Guest Dewi Motik: "The Level of Education Affects the Quality of Hygiene" Local WSES Working Group Roundabout WES-UNICEF Roundabout CLTS Roundabout Watsan Network Roundabout ProAir Roundabout WSES Roundabout Program Micro Credit for Water Supply IATPI CLINIC CD Info Book Info Site Info WSES Library Agenda
Percik magazine can be accessed through WSS website http://www.ampl.or.id

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F R O M T H E E D I TO R

e have just celebrated 63r d independence celebration of Republic of Indonesia. This has become simply a routine without us realizing that actually, so many things are yet to be achieved in order to put meaning in the independence. Percik recalls a statement from one of the participants during a meeting with the people of one of kabupatens of Nusa Tenggara Timur. A short yet shocking statement "Sir, until date, we have not yet independence". What made them say something like that? The reasons turned out to be simple; people are still having trouble to acquire water for their daily needs. Don't ask them about their defecation habit that turned out to be an open defecation practice. This fact has actually become a public secret that approximately 90 million people in Indonesia are without access to adequate/proper water supply, and approximately 80 million people still practice open defecation. This becomes extra-ordinary when the people associated it with the meaning of independence. Maybe for the people living in the rural areas, the meaning of independence is quite simple; having access to good water supply. As simple as that. However, not even that can be provided. Until when do they have to feel that they haven't independent? This is homework for all of us. On what independence celebrations do no more of our brother feels like they haven't independent? This fact is the origin of Percik publication 5 years ago. When so many of our brother do not have proper service of WSES, while the decision makers and other related parties still haven't considered this issue as priority. Percik, accordingly to the philosophy of its name, are meant as an effort to sprinkle awareness of the importance of WSES to the decision makers and to all of us. Five years of age for a magazine is considerably young. Although for us, the

Pic: Meddy Chandra

very existence of Percik up to this stage is considered to be an amazing achievement. This because the birth of this magazine was only initiated by mere spirit/enthusiasm without further thought of whether it will be appreciated or not. Nevertheless, with time, Percik's circulation has kept on increasing from only 5.000 copies to 10.000 copies per edition. Interestingly, only half of those were funded by us, the rest were funded by joint fund of other stakeholders. While most of the news and articles came from the loyal readers. These facts reminded us that our wish of making Percik as a community magazine has became closer and closer to be realized. One joyful thing is that there are more news and variety to be published, which encouraged the publisher of Percik to publish printed news letter every month, online news letter by mailing list every week, including publishing Percik Junior magazine for children that have been

published for the 5th edition in cooperation with Plan Indonesia. The effort to increase community's understanding regarding WSES has also been done through publishing of books, VCD, clipping, opening up libraries, held exhibitions, run internet sites (WSES site, WSES Junior site, Watsan Network). All in the spirit of informing everything there is to know about WSES to the public in general. Consciously, we chose communication as the focus of our attention. Therefore, purposely on this year birthday edition we raise the theme of communication and WSES. It was started from the fact of stil-poor WSES condition which one of the cause is our weakness in conducting communication between stakeholder, decision makers, and community. As closure, the statement of the village people that "Without proper water we are not yet independent" should be thought deeper and become a whip for all us. Greetings.

Percik October 2008

YOUR VOICE
Inquiry for WSES Information Material
Dear Sir, I am a teacher of Chemistry, and very interested with Percik magazine. I would like to have copy of Percik magazine and other information relating with clean water and sanitation such as the program of Go to Green School as published in August edition of 2007. Is it possible for me to get the book or the copy? Can it be sent to the address below? Saiful Jl. Jeumpa D-46 Sektor Timur Darussalam, Banda Aceh Naggroe Aceh Darussalam 23111 Thank you for your kind attention.
Greeting Saiful
Illustration by RudiKoz

download the soft copy as Percik magazine? If it possible, can you send it to the address below? Eko Hartini, ST Jl. Sentiaki Tengah 1 No 10 RT 05 RW VII Kel Bulu Lor Semarang 50179 Thank you for your kind attention.
Greeting Eko Hartini, ST

Dear Bp. Saiful, We will gladly send you Percik magazine regularly along with the copy of information you have inquired. Thank you.

Looking for Funding

Dear the Head of Publisher of Percik magazine, We wrote to you on behalf of YPAM at Jl. Kentingan 28 Mudal, Boyolali, Central Jawa, established on August 4th 1995 and actively taking role in community empowerment trhpugh water supply development using gravity system. YPAM has sent request to be the partner of Mercy Corp Int & Australian Embassy through DAP. Along with the getting-scarce clean water, we have tried to conduct the approach of community empowerment to the owner of water source at Dusun Sendang, Cepogo, Boyolali that has abundant water resources. We have tried to offer for one of the sources with the capacity of 60 thousand liter to 75 thousand liter/day. Where during the dry season, the price of one tank of water is Rp 70 thousand to Rp 150 thousand. If the water is supplied to 14 km away

RSU Pandanarang of Boyolali with AW PVC pipe with the diameter of 1 inch, the cost will be Rp 150 thousand as well. At the moment, RSU taxes to PDAM is Rp 14 million/month and during the dry season, the water is often not enough. If RSU is willing to pay Rp 30 thousand/tank, the owner of the water source will earn gross profit of Rp 9 million/month and the investment will be returned in 18 months period of time. At the same time, this system can also conserve the water source and other interest. Through the loyal column of Percik, we are hoping that one of the funding agencies will be interested with the concept of YPAM. We are willing to expose the result of our survey. Thank you. With regard, H Subardi diyaheko@yahoo.com (0276)3293385 Daily Operator

Dear Ibu Eko Hartini, ST 1. Your request to acquire Percik magazine regularly will be processed immediately. For books and CDs, please contact WSES Working Group Library, at Jl. Cianjur No 4 Menteng, Jakarta. Phone (021) 31904113. 2. It is highly advised that you contact Tekno Limbah magazine at Jl. Kaliurang KM 7, Gg Jurugsari IV/19 PO BOX 19 YKPS Yogyakarta 55281. Phone (0274)885423/885247.

Getting the Magazine Regularly

Dear publisher, Thank you for sending us Percik magazine although we didn't get it regularly. Considering the importance of Percik magazine for us, is it possible for the publisher to send us the magazine regularly (how much is the cost?) and per how many months do Percik magazine is issued? Thank you for your kind attention. Hopefully our request can be accepted.
Edi Rahman, SKM Seksi Penyehatan Lingkungan Health Agency of Kabupaten Ogan Ilir South SUmatera Province 30662

Acquiring Books and CDs

Dear Percik Publisher, 1. How to acquire Percik magazine regularly and ow to acquire books and CDs on WSES catalogues? 2. In the list of book info in the WSES library there is Tekno Limbah magazine. I am very interested in getting the magazine as my teaching reference. Can I somehow get the magazine? Is it possible to

Dear Bp. Edi Rahman, Sorry for the irregular sending of Percik magazine. In the future, hopefully it will not happen again. Don't worry about the cost of sending the magazine, unless you require many issues of the magazine. Percik is issued every 3 months. Thank you.

Percik October 2008

M A I N R E P O RT

COMMUNICATION AND WSES DEVELOPMENT

WSES development is not only limited on the infrastructure development. However, in order to maintain continuity of the facility that has been provided, involvedness and active participation of the community through advocacy and socialization of WSES development. Therefore, it cannot be denied, communication holds important role in the WSES development in Indonesia.

he concept of development commudevelopment nication in Indonesian communicaversion is defined as tion itself can be seen the process of message in both wider and lidistribution by indimited meaning. In vidual or group to the wider meaning, devepublic in order to lopment communicachange attitude, opintion consists of the role ion, and behavior to and function of comupsurge physical munication (as a twoprogress and mental way message exchasatisfaction, which in nge) between all involharmony felt by the ved parties in the devepublic equally. lopment effort, espeAs one example, cially between commufacilitation given to the nity and the governcommunity is not limment. ited on physical deveIn the narrow mealopment of the toilet, ning, development cobut also included socimmunication reprealization in order for sents all ways and the community behaThe radio media remains to be an effective communication media to deliver the WSES programs. Pic: Special efforts, as well as techvior to change to not niques of delivering using, but also mainunderstand, accept and participate in ideas and development skills than come tain the toilet. For this reason, communirealizing the ideas. from the party that initiated the developcation strategy in reality needs to involve Both meanings are the reference of ment and attended to the public in genercommunity, starting from the planning development communication concept in al. The purpose of the activity is so that process, implementation up to evaluation general. While the unique concept of the attended community will be able to of toilet development.

Percik October 2008

M A I N R E P O RT
The Principle of Development Communication Behavior change of the community is the purpose of the WSES development communication, and the effort of changing community behavior is not an easy matter. In the process of behavior change, attitude change, and then the change is applied as action. Community behavior change can be accomplished by applying effective and accurate communication strategy. Development communication will be more successful in accomplishing the target and able to avoid possible unwanted effects due to the miscommunication, when using development communication strategy that has been formulated in such way, hat covers the following principles: a. Using tailored message for specific public. b. Using the approach of "ceiling effect" by communicating the message that for the purposed group (say the upper economic class) is a repetitive (no longer useful because they have passed it or have little advantage, however still useful for the attended public). c. Using the approach of "narrow casting" or localizing message deliverance for the interest of the public. d. Using traditional channels, meaning all forms of community performance that has been used for a long time as familiar message deliverance to the local people (see the article in the other page). e. Introduced by the opinion leaders within the disadvantage layer of community and request their assistance in communicating the message of development. f. Activated participation of change agent that comes from the community itself as the officer of development agency that operated in their own colleagues. g. Created and developed in term of public participation ways or mecha-

Community group is making WSES campaign materials in the form of audiovisual product. Pic: WASPOLA doc.

Internal communication requires coordination between stakeholders to avoid program or activity overlap and to overcome WSES problems together.
nism (as the perpetrator of the development) in the development process, since the planning phase up to the evaluation. The Main Key of WSES Development Other than external communication to the wider public, internal communication is no less important. Lack of internal

communication between WSES perpetrator will be a bog problem in the WSES development. Not even the most sophisticated communication strategy will achieve maximum result without the support of good internal communication between WSES perpetrator. The internal communication requires coordination between stakeholders to avoid program or activity overlap. Furthermore, good coordination between stakeholders shows attention from all parties in overcoming WSES problems together, so that the result achieved will be maximum. One of the forms of effort to increase internal communication is the Watsan Network that represents communication forum between WSES stakeholders in Indonesia (see Percik August edition of 2008). DHA

Percik October 2008

M A I N R E P O RT

Public Media
Media That Was Made By The Public Is Not The Media that Was Made For The Public

he idea arises from the concern of low community involvedness that responsible for many damage and ineffectively used water facilities, not to mention the experience of the difficulty in changing sanitation behavior within the community, while from the local official side feels that socialization has been done nonstop, both in the form of counseling or distribution of leaflets, brochures, etc. Nevertheless, solving WSES problems greatly requires multi-element participation, especially community's to ensure effectivity and sustainability of infrastructure management. Other approach alternatives that do not only rely on the communication capacity of the government, but capacity or power from the community itself is required as one of the communication potencies of behavior change. Why Public Media? As other kabupaten in Indonesia, Kebumen, one of 29 kabupatens in Central Java, is facing various complex problems in providing water supply for some part of its citizen. In most part, water supply can be provided quite easily, however in other part it is very difficult. Various efforts have been done to provide water supply in the area with the difficulty in developing gravitational piping water facility, piping facility with pump, shallow well, drilled well, etc. Problems arise because some of the facilities are damaged without community effort to fix them. Things are getting more difficult because the environmental change in the catchment area. In the catchment area which is a heterogenic forest, community

Comic, one of the effective communication media for the community. Pic: WASPOLA doc.

is practicing illegal logging. The change from heterogenic forest to homogeny forest of pine trees has caused the decreased capacity of the catchment area and in the rainy season, such condition has caused flood, erosion, and landslide in some of the vulnerable area. Various problems that have been arise can actually seen as social problems with regards to the community who don't understand the meaning of forest as catchment area (therefore they cut down the trees), don't know the impact of deforestation on the availability of ground water, and also the linkage between water availability and their welfare growth. There are many wrong perception of the community that maintenance, development and repairs of the facilities are the responsibility/task of the government. This is worsened by community perception that water is something that can be acquired without economical

sacrifices (free), etc. That way of thinking cannot be ignored and needs to be changed immediately. Because if not, water supply provision will become more difficult because of various factors such as quality change of the water catchment ecosystem area that resulted in the decreasing debit and ground water supply that has proven to be real from the expanding dry area during the drought. This is more than merely physical problems' the root of the problem is social problems, thus the effort to overcome them requires phased behavior changes from cognitive aspect (knowledge), affective (feeling/emotion/attitude), and practice (action) of the community. In order to change the behavior it is not possible to only rely on one way communication power (from the government), but requires a more dialogic process with the proper method of local

Percik October 2008

M A I N R E P O RT
wisdom, moreover concerning something that has been internalized. This is where it felt that it is not sufficient to just relying on the existed ways and channels of communication media to deliver counseling. Alternative ways are required for a more developing effort than just informing and encouraging everyone to change, but the communication is only one way where the message and the design of the media are prepared by the government. Public media is believed to be one of the methods to initiate community participation, because in the public media training, it's not the end result of media that's matter. Public media relies on dialogic interactive process to find solution among participants, thus internalization process occurred where the community realized that they themselves are part of the problem solution, and move voluntarily to change behavior and eventually willing to be involved in it. The idea arises during the workshop of WSES development communication strategy to prepare 11 villages that will receive the WSES program in the year 2008. The term public media is first understood as community art, which latter developed into inter-community communication facility and finally agreed to be the media that will deliver the voice of WSES issues/themes accordingly with the local wisdom, made together by WSES stakeholders, using existed potencies such as community are or local radio or television station and in Kebumen have become part of the community's lives. Phases of Public Media Initially, before the training, a problem mapping is conducted together along with data collecting strategic group potencies in six kecamatans that will conduct the joint training at Kecamatan Poncowarno. Several names of community leaders and local art leaders or other participants are acquired. The training on March 2008 that

Community leaders are discussing communication strategies regarding WSES programs. Pic: WASPOLA doc.

involves no less than 30 participants were followed by AMPL-BM Working Group of Kabupaten Kebumen, officials of Kecamatan Poncowarno, Karang Sambung, Aliyan, Padureso, and Sadang. NGOs, community organizations such as Tim Penggerak PKK and Karang Taruna, art leaders and local mass media such as Ratih TV, In-FM, and Mass FM. The focus of the training is to dig together the understanding that WSES problems are the problems of community, thus requires good communication and cooperation from all parties both from government and community. The role of community is the success key of the WSES development sustainability so that in the future water supply reservation will remain and the community will eventually able to provide their needs of water supply and sanitation. There are several main materials that were acquired from the public media training, namely: The importance of good communication and cooperation from all parties. WSES problems and priority accordingly with the requirement which

are then become the theme and message that oriented to the interest of the community. Dig potencies and proper media around us to be used. Creating joint media production in the form of art to be performed, story to be read, radio show to be broadcasted or aired. Using the method of media group as action movement initiator of the community. Action plan and agreement regarding monitoring and evaluation. The unique thing about this media training is that since the problems are identified, script writing or production was completed by the participants, facilitated by media team from WASPOLA and WSES Working Group. Applying the Result of the Training The result of the monitoring that has been done by WASPOLA in May and June of 2008 to six kecamatans shows that training participants have used their communication experience and knowledge through public media. From the simple questioner filling, the event was

Percik October 2008

M A I N R E P O RT
continued by sharing of experience in applying public media. The general result of the monitoring acquired through the list of questions that were answered by the participants is: has followed up on last June by training of WSES comics and posters to Sanggar Lukis Gombong that consists of teachers and students. In the end of the training they produced two comics and one poster housewives acknowledged that they often see the TV commercial and Bupati Rustriningsih (who currently has been appointed as vice governor of Central Java) acquired new nickname as 'WSES Mayor'. Public Media becomes an Inspiration WSES Working Group of Kabupaten Kebumen has held Public Media training by involving stakeholders in general. The training participants are not just enthusiastic to join the training but to also use it to build community participation in each of their area. Thus, WSES development plan in the year 2008 and 2009 has been initiated by building awareness first, before physical development is implemented. Most of the community has realized that even the smallest contribution rom them is very important for sustainability. Awareness has also arises that the women have important roles in WSES development, as a result, one of the follow ups that has been done last July is workshop of communication strengthening to encourage women participation in the WSES development that has been completed in nine other kecamatans, including experience sharing of the previous public media. The result is other kecamatans are willing to have public media experience in order for the community to be more proactive. Local trainer team is being prepared to provide training for other interested kecamatans. Ex-participants such as Ratih TV, Mass FM, and Sanggar Lukis Gombong are ready to help Kabupaten Working Group as trainers. Existence of communication with various parties is expected to be able to create conducive climate for WSES development, so that in the future participative development can be realized, sustainability and effectivity of the facilities will no longer be a wishful thinking. Wiwiet Heris & Alma Arief
A Junior High School student is making poster for WSES socialization. Pic: WASPOLA doc.

MONITORING RESULT POST PUBLIC MEDIA TRAINING AT KABUPATEN KEBUMEN No. Item Belum Pernah 1s/d 3 kali Pernah > 3 kali

1 2 3 4

Established contact ad communication between training participants including with WSES Working Group Broadcasting or using WSES socialization media in community meetings Raising WSES issues in group meetings or activities related with daily task in the community Planning/implementing joint action plan inter-kecamatan or other related agency 38,8% 69,2% 15,4% 61,5% 23,1% 76,9% 23,1% 69,2% 30,8%

In the end of monitoring, participants provided inputs to WSES Working Group and WASPOLA for following up with the skill facilitation especially in making comics and posters because they are proven to be effective, cheap and can be taken home. Kabupaten Working Group

that are ready to be used by the community in WSES socialization. From Ratih TV, information was acquired that the result of Public Media training after being revised are finally being aired every morning. From the meeting at Desa Karang Sari, several

Percik October 2008

I N T E R N AT I O N A L S A N I TAT I O N Y E A R C O R N E R

Five Messages of Sanitation

for going to the toilet; (ii) reducing health cost, thus increasing deposits; (iii) increasing investment for education. Fewer diarrheas mean more children attendance at school. Girls are more likely to go to school when women-friendly toilets are available. The overall peak is increasing quality of human resources. Loss potencies caused by poor sanitation in Indonesia has reached the number of Rp. 58 trillion as written in the study result with the title of Economic Impacts of Sanitation In Southeast Asia that was issued by Water and Sanitation Program East Asia and the Pacific (WSP-EAP) World Bank East Asia and the Pacific Region in November edition of 2007. The large number of loss is equal to 2.3 percent of Brute Domestic Product (BDP) or approximately Rp. 240 thousand per capita per year. The detail of loss potencies are as followed: health cost Rp 31 trillion, decreased water quality Rp. 13.5 trillion, decreased environmental quality Rp 1 trillion, social welfare Rp 11 trillion, and tourism Rp 1.5 trillion. Message 3: Sanitation encourages social development Proper sanitation will bring up confidence for not having to defecate openly; the case is especially occurred among the women. Message 4: Sanitation protects environment Especially in dense area, improper sanitation will caused pollution of ground water, surface water/river, lake, and other water sources. Eventually, babies and children will catch diarrhea. Message 5: Together we can do it Now is the time to act. Households, community, local and national governments, public, and private companies need to work together. Public media and opinion can affect decision makers to take immediate action. OM

Good sanitation will affect health and growth of children. Pic: Special

he year 2008 has been established by the UN as International Sanitation Year. For that reason, the UN is campaigning Five Messages of Sanitation as part of the effort to appoint proper attention for sanitation. Message 1: Sanitation improves the degree of health and saves lives Everyday, diarrhea caused by poor sanitation has been responsible for the death of 5.000 babies and children all around the world. The availability of healthy toilet can reduce babies and children death caused by diarrhea by more than 30 percent; washing hands can reduce it by 40 percent. Acute Respiration Infection (Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut - ISPA) is one of the top

caused of children's mortality. Hygiene practices such as washing hands using the soap after defecation and before every meal can reduce the event of ISPA by half. Message 2: Sanitation has economical value to the country, community and family Poor sanitation hinders national development through the decreased productivity of the worker, decreased number of life expectancy, decreased investment and deposits, and decreased ability to provide education for the children. Devent sanitation will improve the economic condition through various ways of (i) saving time. We are loosing time when we are sick, watching and taking care of those who are sick, and taking line

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R E G U L AT I O N

Public Work Minister Regulation No 20/PRT/M/2006 on National Policy and Strategy of Water Supply System Development (KSNP-SPAM)

ince the early 1979 until date, water supply especially in terms of the piping has been built and developed using various approaches such as sectoral or synergy and area (urban and rural) approach. At first, water supply system development is completed mainly by the central government, however, with decentralization implementation and domestic political and social development, water supply system management (sistem penyediaan air minum - SPAM) has become the responsibility of the local government. With the establishment of Law No 32 Year 2004 on Local Governance, the responsibility is confirmed. In the implementation, Central Government may facilitate/help to develop SPAM especially in the safeguard of national targets achievement and implementation control in realizing minimum service standard (standar pelayanan minimal). Along with the law regarding water supply development, the government has established Plan and Strategy for the year 2005-2009 with the following purpose: Providing access to everyone within the country and handling emergency service to provide minimum standard for the people in carrying out social economy life, in order to achieve safe and peaceful Indonesia. Managing infrastructure transparently and openly by involving community, increasing the role of Local Government in order to achieve fair and

democratic Indonesia. Managing efficient, effective, and productive infrastructure in order to achieve a more prosperous Indonesia. Meanwhile, in order to accelerate service of water supply, sanitation, and solid waste, and in order to achieve targets of MDG (Millennium Development Goals) by considering availability condition of WSES availability which is still very limited, policy and strategy in water supply sector is required to achieve community welfare by guarantying main requirements of water that comply with the standards of quality, quantity, and continuity. In order to achieve the above objectives and following up the mandate of Government Regulation No 16 Year 2005 regarding Water Supply System Development, National Policy and Strategy of Water Supply System Development is required to be used as reference for SPAM development managers/perpetrators in national and local level by considering: Desire to improve current water supply condition of Indonesia, accordingly with the desired targets and conditions of SPAM development, from aspects of technical, management, financial, or legal. Targets achievement effort through Formulation of Objective and Targets of National Policy and Strategy of SPAM development which is the result of monitoring and evaluation of achievement target, which is an adjustment from the

desirable condition by capability of the government especially in term of funding. Formulation of Objective and Target of Policy and Strategy of SPAM development which latter on refers to the existed law and based on strategic issues and current problems, while considering International and National Declaration. KSNP SPAM needs to be agreed together by all stakeholders of SPAM both in central and local level. The consensus needs to be established with related sector, and cross-department, involving government, community and business world. For that reason, public work minister has issued Public Work Minister Regulation No 20/PRT/M/2006 on National Policy and Strategy of Water Supply System Development (KSNPSPAM) Objective and Purpose National Policy and Strategy of SPAM Development (KSNP-SPAM) is meant to be guidance in formulating technical policy, planning, programming, and activity implementation related to the SPAM development in urban and rural, within the area of Department, Non-Department Governmental Agency, Local Government, or to community and the business world. National Policy and Strategy of SPAM development (piping network system or non-piping network system) or KSNPSPAM as meant above, has the purpose of supporting national target achievement

Percik October 2008

R E G U L AT I O N
of SPAM development through planning, programming, and implementation of integrated, efficient and effective activities. Vision and Mission The above objective and purpose are incorporated in Section 1 (verse 1) of Public Work Minister Regulation No 20/PRT/M/2006; while (verse 2) explains the vision and mission of the water supply system development and strategic issues. Vision of the water supply system development is to achieve healthy and prosperous community condition in the future, both urban and rural citizen, will greatly need sustainable proper water supply. Water supply as the source of human life needs to be managed in a way to be able to provide health and prosperity for all people of Indonesia without exception. Urban and rural areas in the future are required to be able to guarantee heath and welfare of the people through qualify water supply. The effort to achieve the vision needs to be done, with the mission of improving the extent and quality of water supply service, improving managerial and institutional capacity of SPAM management with the principle of good and corporate governance, funding mobilization from various sources to develop water supply system, law enforcement and preparing regulations to improve SPAM management, guarantee sustainable qualify raw water availability, and community empowerment, with active role of the business world in SPAM management. Policy and Strategy Policy and strategy of SPAM development are formulated by answering strategic issues and problems of SPAM development. Based on policy groups that has been formulated, policy directive was decided as the base to achieve SPAM b. Optimizing system by decreasing unaccounted capacity until less than 10 percent. c. Service expansion until reaching economical scale. For the area outside the SPAM service coverage: 1. New physical development of SPAM for medium/small cities (IKK) prioritizing: a. Capital kecamatan without system b. Capital of developing Kabupaten/kota c. Village/area who is experiencing lack of water, border area, coastal area, remote islands. 2. Physical assistance of SPAM development through service expansion from the neighbor area which already served by SPAM. 3. Physical assistance of SPAM development for Low Income Community in RSH area. Closure By completion of National Policy and Strategy of Water Supply System Development (SPAM), all of the agreed policies will be referred to within the overall activities relating with SPAM development. This National Policy and Strategy of SPAM development has a general nature so that in the implementation, a more operational translation from the related parties is required. Adoption and adaptation of National Policy and Strategy of SPAM Development will be different in each area, depends on characteristics and problems that are faced by each area. The National Policy and Strategy of SPAM Development required to be further described by each related technical agencies as guidance in the policy operation within the SPAM development. This is arranged in Section 2 and 3 of the Public Work Minister Regulation. BW

SPAM development policy and strategy are formulated by answering strategic issues and problems of SPAM development.
development targets which were also directed to accomplish MDG's targets, both short-term in the year 2009 and long-term in the year 2015. One of the policy directives as mention above is increasing water supply coverage and quality for all people of Indonesia. The policy is directed to increase service coverage and quality consistently and segmented, decrease the level of unaccounted water through repairs and rehabilitation as well as prioritizing development for low income community.Whereas the strategy, is to develop SPAM in term of providing the demand of minimum service especially for low income community that was completed in phase in each province. The strategy is completed through the following action plans: For the area within the SPAM service coverage: 1. Facilitation assistance of service expansion through capacity addition and network development for healthy PDAMs. 2. Technical assistance/facilitation program of SPAM management with the pattern of Private Government Cooperation (Kerjasama Pemerintah Swasta - KPS) especially in metro and big cities or in new housing area. 3. Assistance of PDAM Improvement Program through: a. Service expansion for less healthy PDAM to increase revenue.

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Percik October 2008

INSIGHT

CLEAN WATER, SANITATION, AND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

By: Avianto Amri Disaster Risk Reduction Specialist Plan Indonesia Indonesia, despite the abundant natural potencies, is one of the countries in the world which is most likely to have disaster. Our country is located between three tectonic plates that put it in high risk of earthquake, have 129 active volcanoes, have wet climate that means high risk of flood and landslide. In the year 2007, 14 out of 33 provinces in Indonesia experienced flash flood that caused thousands of people evacuate. Indonesia is also of high risk on forest fire caused by human or natural causes. Disaster is serious intrusion of the functioning community that caused major loss to environment, material and human, that exceeded capability of the exposed community to overcome it by using only their own resources. From this definition, we can see that disaster has three factors, namely intrusion, major loss, and exceeding capability of the exposed community. Without the three factors, an event wouldn't be called a disaster. Therefore, reconsidering that our country is located in a high disaster risk area, the overall development must considers rules of disaster risk accordingly with its local context. Disaster impacts can be prevented by conducting careful planning, by previously conducting risk review by looking at historical data regarding what happened previously and by implementing the development accordingly with the plan. This is in accordance with Law No 24 Year 2007 on Disaster Handling/Management which accommodates government responsibility to pay heed to the spatial development accordingly with the risk review and sanction application for any violation. Various efforts can be done in order to ensure that the water supply and sanitation facilities are disaster risk "proof". In India and Bangladesh, countries with high risk of flood, community heightened the edges of their well so that flood's overflow will not contaminate ground water and the water supply. In many countries of Africa, farmer community builds dams and plants conservation plants/crops to guarantee water supply during the drought. Proper usage of ground water can also maintain sustainable ground water supply for the possibility of drought or ground water contamination because of the flood. One of examples from the efforts of Disaster Risk Reduction is the effort of the Red Cross in Vietnam to plant mangrove in eight provinces of Vietnam in order to provide protection for the coastal community from storm and hurricane. This effort required the fund of US$ 0.13 million every year from the year 1994 to 2001 but t was able to reduce yearly cost to fix the dam which usually requires US$ 7.1 million. The program can also saves lives and secure as well as improve jobs of the local people. For the people in high risk areas, water supply and existence of sanitation facilities hold vital role in reducing impacts of the disaster. Disasters, especially flood and tsunami may contaminate water supply facilities, while earthquake and landslide may damage the facilities. During emergency response time, the people, especially children, will be highly prone to the disease within the condition of not having access to the clean water and sanitation. The standards that have received international recognition for emergency response time are accommodated in a document called Sphere (http://www.sphereproject.org). Within the Sphere document, beside standards of clean water, sanitation and health promotion, there are also other standards in the sectors of food aid, health, and settlements. Several examples of key indicators for Water Supply and Sanitation sector are: 15 liter of clean water per person per day. The distance from settlement to the location of clean water is maximum 500 meters, 250 gr of soap for personal hygiene per person per month. There is one toilet for maximum number of 20 people. The toilet is within 50 meter distant from the settlement. Users (especially children and women) were involved within the design construction. Development that took notice on disaster risk rules is very important and represents responsibility that has become joint responsibility. Government, community, private sector, academician, NGO, and other parties have joint responsibility in creating community who is prepared, ready, and resistance to the risk of disaster. Common understanding and cooperation of all parties are the success key factor of the effort of disaster risk reduction.

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Community Based Landfill Monitoring

andslide disaster at Leuwigajah landfill in the year 2005 that took human lives has encouraged better solid waste management. Various efforts have been done by various parties to ensure that the same disaster will not happen again. One of the efforts is Community Based Landfill Monitoring (CBLM) that represents a cooperation program initiated by EU-Asia Pro Eco II. The academicals cooperation involves Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), BOKU-University Vienna Austria, Institute of Waste Management, and TU Braunsschweig Germany, Department of Waste Management. Moreover, the program also involves the government of Indonesia through Environmental Control Agency (Badan Pengendalian Lingkungan Hidup - BPLHD) of West Java and community self-supporting agency in Kota Bandung, to be precise is Katur Nagari. From the Leuwigajah event, an idea of developing a community-based monitoring model was initiated to be implemented at landfill location of Leuwigajah with cooperation period from February 2006 to December 2008. Monitoring is completed by ITB and local community where the data will be published by BPLHD. The background of the program is the problem of improper management of solid waste disposal in Asia. The target of the community being protected is community living surrounding the landfill and connected directly to the landfill and the identified risks such as gas, water contamination, landfill, and sanitation problem. Prior to the program activity, a meeting with local community has been done

By: Benno Rahardyan Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of ITB in the year 2007, until finally the community agrees with the program. The community that was involved within the monitoring activity was given a short training regarding activity description, purpose

echnical data was measured in 12 different points. Sanitation Monitoring The monitored sanitation problems based on fly index were collected from three fly counting devices. The monitored water qualities are pH, electrical conducting capacity, and water temperature. For gas emission, the measured parameters are CH4, CO2, O2, and CO. The monitored weather condition included rainfall, air temperature and daily humidity. The training that was completed in the education framework for the people of Pojok and Cirendeu Kampongs are computer and internet training and water measurement device operation training that was socialized through the site media of www.cblmleuwigajah.org. The media can be accessed by the related team and public in general including from other country. The people of Cilimus and Pojok Villages are responding by saying that the community has better depiction of the environmental condition within the landfill area. This definitely helps to reduce concern that was caused by not knowing the situation, especially regarding danger potencies within the landfill area. Indirect impacts of the CBLM among others are: community empowerment as landfill operational supports, developing anticipation and prevention of improper landfill management. Whereas for the involved stakeholders, the program represents improvement model for better communication system. The result of field monitoring and the complete report of the activity can be accessed through the site mentioned above.

The people of Cilimus and Pojok Villages are responding by saying that they have better depiction of environmental condition within the landfill area.

and training to operate monitoring devices, register daily data until evaluation at the end of the activity. Monitoring location of Leuwigajah landfill among others are around Cirendeu and Pojok Kampongs. Water quality monitors are located at Cirendeu location and downstream area within the Pojok Village. Water monitoring was also done for wells at the downstream area and water from the jet pump in the middle of the river which is still included within the area of Pojok Village. Moreover, air monitoring was also done in 15 different points, however until date, there are only two monitoring devices left, because most of monitoring points were taken by scavengers. For landslide potencies of the landfill, geot-

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dren to use the toilet), may reduce diarrhea incident by 42-47 percent. Other review by Rabie and Curtis (2005) stated that CTPS practice can also reduce ISPA transmission to more than 30 percent, even in environmental condition with high feces contamination and poor sanitation. Other review found that children under five years of age who are living in home with CTPS practice intervention have 53 percent lower diarrhea incidents compare to those who are living at control area of Pakistan (Luby 2004). UNICEF even found that CTPS can reduce 50 percent incidents of Avian Influenza. These are the reason that put CTPS practice as an effective way of preventing various contagious diseases. CTPS practice has proven scientifically to be an effective way to prevent diarrhea when it is done properly on the right moment. CTPS initiative encourages cooperation and combines various resources and capacities from various sectors including government, soap producer, NGO, and media. They have established Government-Private Partnership for Handwashing with soap (KPS-CTPS). National campaign of CTPS in Indonesia has adopted KPS-CTPS mechanism in order to accelerate message deliverance to all people. Health Department of the Republic of Indonesia as the leader in this partnership is always encouraging participation from various parties to support the campaign. It was realized that, although prevention intervention has been done by various parties since a long time, CTPS practice of the community within their daily lives are still considerably low. Message deliverance needs to be done in a sustainable way by actively involving community in order to encourage selfwill to continue the practice. This article will introduce CTPS activity with global resonation to trigger higher community awareness, and support from the government to create possible condition for implementation within the

Directorate General of P2 & PL of the Health Department I Nyoman Kandun and Directorate General of Cipta Karya of Public Work Budi Yuwono together with the elementary school students are practicing CTPS. Pic: Special.

World's Handwashing With Soap Day

iarrhea is a global problem and found in developing countries with poor sanitation, lack of water supply, poverty and low education. Diarrhea incident is varied in different area, season, and endemic periods such as cholera peculiar event. Generally, the highest incident occurs in the first two years of children's age and gradually decreasing by the increasing of age. For toddlers, it was reported that approximately four billion acute diarrhea cases are occurred each year all over the world, with mortality numbers of two

million. In Indonesia, National Health Survey in the year 2001 put diarrhea on the second highest position of the most dangerous diseases for toddlers after Acute Respiratory Infection (ISPA). According to the same survey in the year 1995, diarrhea was considered to be less dangerous compared to ISPA and postbirth syndrome. Scientific review by Curtis and Cairncross (2003) suggested that the practice of handwashing with soap (CTPS) especially after contact with feces (after using the toilet and helping chil-

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INSIGHT
community. This refers to World's Handwashing with Soap Day (HCTPS) and its implementation in Indonesia. The Purpose of World's Handwashing with Soap Day General Assembly of the United Nation established the year 2008 as International Sanitation Year and called upon the importance of increasing hygiene and sanitation practices all over the world. HCTPS activity represents realization of the call. It was decided to jointly initiate the activity on October 15th 2008. In the global level, HCTPS was introduced by The Public-Private Partnership for Handwashing with Soap (PPPHWWS), an international partnership coalition which comprise of UNICEF, USAID, WSSCC, LSTM, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, JHU, Water and Sanitation Program, Care International, Unilever and Procter & Gamble. The activity will become a yearly routine and involve many countries. 2008 is the first implementation year and will designate Indonesia as one of twenty countries in the world that jointly practice handwashing with soap on October 15th. The countries being referred to are China, Indonesia, India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Pakistan, and Philippine in Asia; Madagascar, South Africa, Uganda, Kenya, Egypt, Mali, and Ethiopia in Africa; Colombia, Peru, Nicaragua, and Mexico in Latin America; and other countries such as United State and Great Britain. For the long term, HCTPS is expected to support awareness improvement regarding the importance of CTPS practice, especially awareness with regard to the positive and benefit sides of CTPS. Moreover, it is expected to be able to encourage and create advocacy within the decision makers, as well as to gather commitment from various stakeholders in order to create the environment that support improvement of CTPS practice. The first HCTPS event in the year 2008 is expected to be able to create platform of establishment of HCTPS coalition that work together for yearly HCTPS event, as well as to continuously support the effort to improve community awareness with regard to CTPS practice, both in local and global level. HCTPS implementation is also expected to be able to inspire commitment growth from various countries with regard to CTPS program. In short, the main two points of HCTPS are awareness raising and the need of advocacy. The focus of HCTPS in the year 2008 is school student as "changing agent" although it doesn't mean that it will only involve school student. This year's HCTPS put forward symbolization of the joint between the overall components of family, settlement, and community in celebrating commitment toward a better change in healthy behavior through CTPS. To persuade involvedness of various layers of community and government, HCTPS 2008 provides record breaking challenge of "the most number of school students who wash their hands with soap in the same day on 20 different countries". The purpose of the challenge is to create key activities variation for all participated countries, creating creativity, encourage positive competition between participated countries, and making HCTPS as one fun day. The main target groups of HCTPS this year are journalists/media, education community; teacher, officials of education department, decision makers, and school student. Other than that, other community component such as academician, religious leaders, celebrity, women group, are groups that can support future activity. Participation of the Government and Other Stakeholders Every area may choose partner to cooperate with in order to ensure the success of the HCTPS, accordingly with their own policies. On the national level, Health Department of the Republic of Indonesia, through Government-Private Partnership for Handwashing with Soap is committed to: Identify the main stakeholders of the organization in relation with children health and CTPS program, both from government and private who showed interest to be involved in HCTPS. Invite stakeholders to introduce HCTPS and establish joint agree-

Together, elementary school students are practicing CTPS to make clean and healthy life as a habit. Pic: Bowo Leksono

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INSIGHT
ment in supporting the HCTPS. Work together with the above partners to decide special activity/challenge, the target group, as well as location to be promoted during 2008 HCTPS. Share information with HCTPS managers on global level regarding HCTPS in Indonesia. Provincial and local (kota/kabupaten) governments are expected to be able to duplicate the event within their jurisdiction. For the interest of HCTPS national data compilation and activity improvement for the coming years, agenda and information regarding the activity on local level can be presented to the Directorate General of Contagious Disease and Environmental Improvement (Ditjen PP-PL). Information can be sent to the Director of Environmental Improvement Wan Alkadri, at Jl. Percetakan Negara 20, Salemba, Jakarta Pusat 10560. Location of 2008 HCTPS Event Activity on local level can be held at public places that are accessible for the people, especially school students. Open fields of kabupaten/kota, public parks, open fields of neighborhood/community, camping grounds, pesantren/mosque's yards are perfect examples of HCTPS launching locations. Due to the HCTPS event on school day (Wednesday, October 15th), it is expected that the event can involve as many school community (such as students, teacher, parents, and parents organization, Moslem leaders, as well as education leaders) as possible. This needs to be well communicated first with the school party through assistance of local Education Agency. Activity Options for 2008 HCTPS 1. HCTPS launching. HCTPS launching will be held at the same time on minimum of six provinces as mentioned above and will be lead directly from Jakarta. Therefore, coordination is vital between central and local committee. Detailing of the activity will be done when kota/kabupaten confirmed their participation. One day/half a day seminar regarding CTPS followed by discussion regarding examples of good cases and bad cases with the focus on school. Media-targeting activity by presenting well-known speakers, celebrity, government officials, or visit to school with superiority in infrastructure sector and CTPS practices with news value to be broadcasted by the media. Establishing Handwashing Ambassador by appointing someone that is well-known by community and can be an idol for children to encourage CTPS practice in their daily lives. The ambassador can be celebrity, athlete, movie star, political leaders, etc. Establishing HCTPS Yearly Committee to better manage coordination and sustainability for the coming year. School based competition. Popular activities among children such as CTPS jingle song competition, letter writing competition that inspire obedience for CTPS practices, CTPS poetry competition. Competition of CTPS facility design. Can be held in different categories such as school students of STM, engineer category, art category for art major student, and teacher category. Radio campaign. Celebrity interview, school student debate, or interview of teacher and local government. Picture competition with focus on school students and their school, such as the picture of a child practicing CTPS. 10. Private sector involvedness. In order to support HCTPS, it is also possible to involve soap factories, restaurants, hospitals, and other companies with commitment toward children health. 11. Identification of the possibilities on manufacturing 2008 HCTPS special stamp. 12. Participation on WASH Media Award that was awarded to the media in developing countries that have successfully raised hygiene and sanitation issues on their media. 13. Cooperation with soap factories, by providing questions on the soap wrap that can be answered and sent in order to win some prizes from the Committee. The prize should relate with the effort of making CTPS practice as a habit for school student. In short, every HCTPS participated countries have authority to decide numbers of school or school students to be involved. Local government and other interested stakeholders can work together with environmental improvement programs of Directorate General of PP-PL such as WSSLIC, PAMSIMAS, CWSH, NGO, etc. For sponsorship opportunity or other cooperation opportunity, please coordinate with Government-Private Cooperation for Handwashing with Soap through Directorate General of Disease Control and Environmental Improvement, Sub Directorate of Water Improvement. Email can also be sent to adelinahutauruk@yahoo.com or irafiqah@worldbank.org, or call to (021) 424 7608 ext 208 or Cell phone 0816.936.086. Join us to save the lives of the children (toddlers) in Indonesia.
I Rafiqah KPS-CTPS Coordinator Directorate General of PP-PL of Health Department of the Republic of Indonesia.

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INSIGHT

Government and Private Cooperation (KPS) in the Water Supply Sector

Looking At Jakarta's Case within the Context of KPS Dynamic

By: Alizar Anwar

urrent Government (Public) Private Partnership (KPS) between Local Government of DKI Jakarta, represented by PAM Jaya, and Palyja/Aetra is the product of an idea that was developed globally in the 1990s where it was believed that water supply management by the private sector is more efficient than the one managed by government's company. Private involvedness is then going to national level as to become Government policy in the water supply service development, one of the reasons being that there was no more soft loan for water supply development from the World Bank and ADB. Other than Jakarta, the cooperation pattern is also adopted in other areas, such as water supply companies of Batam, Bali, Tangerang, and Medan. Cooperation contracts are in the form of concession such as Batam and Jakarta, and BOT such as in Medan and Tangerang. With other PDAM, there is also cooperation with the same of different pattern. At first, private sectors that are involved in the cooperation are companies that worked mainly in the water supply sector and included in a category called Trans National Corporation (TNC). They are operating in many countries. Suez Environment that has received concession in the western Jakarta, for example, is already known for more than one century as water supply operator as to own lots of experiences that are expected to be able to jack up performance of water supply service. Concession for eastern Jakarta was

Raw water sources have not yet used maximally by PDAM. Pic: Bowo Leksono

originally hold by Thames Water Overseas Limited, but in 2006 it was taken over by Recapital/Acuatico, a Singapore-based company, new comer in water supply sector. The acquisition process was mediated by Goldman Sachs, a well-known consultant of international scale. The event where new comer took over the water supply companies were booming on the early 2000 and known as Merger, Buy out and Acquisition or MBA. This is a trend that can be considered as anti climax of the thinking base of KPS on the 1990s, that private sectors are usually more efficient than PDAM. The TPJ acquisition by Acuatico who was considered to be a new comer in the water supply sector, meaning still do not have track record as qualify water supply operator, altered the thesis saying that

Private Water Supply Operators are more efficient. This was not only happened in Indonesia, it was also happened in other countries too. During the TPJ acquisition process in 2006, the news was that Macquarie Group, a Sidney-Australia based financial company was in the process of buying RWE Thames who manage water supply and waste water in several cities in England. RWE, a Germn company in the energy sector who bought Thames in order to embellish private sector's role in the water supply changed its mind by letting go the water supply business and back to concentrating in its main competence of energy. This was done mainly for efficiency consideration. The change of ownership will surely bring derivative impact to the existed cooperation pattern, because of the

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INSIGHT
occurred change or dynamic, where at first the concession was held by internationally-recognized Water Supply Operator and now it was taken over by new and young company with less experience as water supply operator. There are alterations from operators whose main competence are water supply, to operators without main competence on water supply. This will certainly affect continuity and sustainability of the water supply service to the community. In order to anticipate the dynamic of the change, Local Government needs to carefully look for opportunities to improve the terms in current contracts. Several thoughts for the above regard are listed below: A review of whether cooperation concession model is still appropriate with the current development is necessary, considering that the contract is only include main problems, not the details, hence with time, it is considered to be unfair, unworthy of the risk, etc. In France, there is a contract type that is known as administrative contract, where Local Government have authority to change the contract and at the same time limit the space of the company to renegotiate for higher price. There are alterations to mutual cooperation, where division is made between asset operational and asset management. Asset is managed by asset holder and the private sector is only responsible for the operation. This trend happened in England. In activities of infrastructure development such as road construction (fly over, underpass, etc) there is a cooperation known as contract alliancing. Unlike the usual procedure of tender process, some companies comprises of consultant, investor, and contractor, are agreed to develop an infrastructure project with certain value. If in the future development process, efficiency is found with regard to the fund being used, the extra fund will be a profit shared fairly according to the share portion of each company's entity. What lesson can we learn? There are many roads to Rome. Until date, the Government is continually promoting for the private sectors to invest in the water supply sector in order to support MDG's target achievement, especially for the urban areas. From the brief description above, Bappenas and Public Work Department should further review the above tendency to find a more appropriate cooperation pattern for the future. This is especially necessary for the process of choosing the operator and the form of cooperation. Especially for the case of Jakarta, it is also important to be reviewed, by altering company's ownership from the one with main competence in water supply to the one without the competence. Can cooperation pattern as arranged in the existed concession contract still accommodate performance achievement of Water Supply Operator as it was expected when the cooperation was initiated? If not, then what?
Writer is observer of water supply problem as well as Coordinator the Water Dialogues Indonesia (www.waterdialogues.com). Email add: azr@cbn.net.id

PAM Jaya in a book launch event in Jakarta. Pic: Bowo Leksono

THE FORM OF COOPERATION BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTOR

n general, the form of private sector's involvedness in the water supply can be classified as follows (from low to higher involvedness): Service contract: private sector is conducting short-term 1-2 years work for the interest of Water Supply Operator. Management contract: private sector is conducting 3-5 years work. BOT: private sector invest for specific part of the water supply management part (mostly on

water supply production) and manage the company for 10-15 years, the output is being sale to the Water Supply Operator. Concession: Water Supply Operator manage the asset and invest to serve water supply customers, including water billing for 25-30 years; and Full privatization (divestiture): all assets belong to the private sector and normally being sale in the stock market.

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I N N O VAT I O N

Hidayat

Energy Producer from Garbage

ives of human can never be problems-free. This is one of the reasons for people to live. The more creative is the person, the more capable he is capable of facing the problems of life. No matter how difficult it is, he will find the solution. One of the problems of the people of Indonesia is when the Government announced fuel price increment. This seems to be the problems of everyone in Indonesia, including the rich. For the poor, kerosene price increment is neckstrangling, because they depend on kerosene for their kitchen needs. This is where

creativity needs to kick in to be able to come up with innovation to get around the fuel price increment. At suburban area of Jakarta, to be exact at Pondok Gede, Bekasi, someone is creative enough to produce different kinds of energy. His name is Hidayat, and his innovation relates with solid waste. What Hidayat has done is more than just a hobby of solid waste management. He's running solid waste management as a life-supporting business. Under PT Mitratani Mandiri Perdana (Mittran), Hidayat, as current director, has approximately 60 employees, whose most are school's drop-outs, and 10 staffs. Briquette for Gas Fuel So far people only recognize composting in solid waste management. On the cool hands of Hidayat, solid waste can produce different fuels such as biomass and briquette for organic waste. For plastic waste, PT Mittran has already done plastic recycle by manual separation to be pressed and marketed. The plastic recycle has been done for long; Hidayat has been producing solid waste machines, such as plastic cutter or solid waste press machine for more than 15 years. Briquette is the current

prominent product of PT Mittran. It is capable to replace coals even kerosene with cheaper price of Rp 750 per kilogram. "For that reason, briquette is produced to attach the gas," said Hidayat to Percik during interview in his workshop. Nevertheless, Hidayat admitted that briquette fuel still have weakness and more complicated, beside producing smutty fire. "We are still researching the weakness. But at least, briquette can be an alternative for family's fuel," said the alumni of Economic Faculty of Indonesia University. Biomass Everyday, PT Mittran is reserving about 10 tons of solid waste that comes from the surrounding neighborhoods. On the one hectare field of treatment facility, solid waste is being processed in sorting machine. Organic waste is processed to be briquette and compost, while inorganic waste is going through another process of cutting and washing machines. There are two options for inorganic waste. Plastic waste with good condition will be sold for recycle by other parties, while the rest of the plastic waste will be compacted for biomass. Hidayat admitted that he is capable of selling the biomass to several large companies such as cement factory PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk, and PT Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Tbk. "PT Indocement alone requires 10.000 tons of biomass each month, where we have only able to produce 300 tons," said the man who was born in Magelang, 26 August 1963. Currently, said Hidayat, his party is considering cooperation with Japan for plastic transformation technology to solar and methane gas extracting from solid waste for electrical power. "By the regulation support in relation with solid waste management, I believe that within the next five years, everyone will manage the solid waste." Bowo Leksono

Hidayat in front of the combustion chamber with his briquette. Pic.: Bowo Leksono

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R E P O RT

Official Appointment of School Toilet in Tangerang

built in the middle of five example schools. The head of SIKIB, Murniati Widodo AS recalls the moment of first stone placement for the school toilet. At that moment, she saw the students took pictures of the vice bupati (Rano Karno). "Now the students should take pictures of the toilet so that together they can maintain the cleanliness and health," she said. Murniati is also proud of the school committee who is capable of funding the toilet maintenance. "This is a good example to be applied on other schools," she said. Other than donating toilet, on the official occasion, SIKIB also donated fruit trees to be planted and grow in the school environment, and hundreds of books as special donation from Ani Soesilo Bambang Yudhoyono (the first lady). Tangerang Bupati Ismet Iskandar on his speech expressed his gratitude for the assistance and agreed that it will not mean much if not properly used and maintained. "We hope this toilet can be an example not just by its existence, but also by its function and maintenance," he said. Biofilter Technology Director of Housing Environment Improvement Directorate General Cipta Karya of Public Work Department Susmono said that the school toilet is using septic tank with biofilter technology, using bamboo, pumice, and coconut shell. "The materials could speed up the deformation process by the bacteria," he said. The use of biofilter technology, according to Susmono, produced a better quality of waste waster. "Bacteria, in eating the feces, will produce minerals that are environment-save," he said. In every school, the toilet is built with two septic tanks by consideration of the toilet users, while the water comes from drilled well. "Every toilet in total cost Rp 140 million including the education cost," Susmono said. BW

The Head of SIKIB Murniati Widodo AS hit the gong during official ceremony of school toilet at SD Negeri Sepatan I, Tangerang. Pic: Bowo Leksono

evy has been running back and forward to her house toilet during playing congklak (traditional game) with her friends. Come to find out, she had diarrhea for eating snacks that has been in contact with flies. At Nevy's village, open defecation is a common practice. Men and women, children and adults, without shame, defecate at the yard (theirs or somebody else's), everyday, without realizing the adverse effect of their habit on the health. The above was a short play performed by the students of Sepatan I Tangerang Elementary School before the wifes of cabinet and Tangerang Bupati Ismet Iskandar and wife, as well as other invited guests. That day, August 26th 2008, Solidarity of the Wifes of Indonesia As

One Cabinet (Solidaritas Istri Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu - SIKIB) appointed officially five example toilets in five Public Elementary Schools in Tangerang, Banten, that was held in SD Negeri Sepatan I. Five schools that have received assistance in the toilet development in the framework of improving school and environmental sanitation facilities are SD Negeri Sepatan I, IV, and V, and SD Negeri Kedaung I and III. Maintenance Required It has been four months since first stone placement on May 7th 2008 (Percik August edition of 2008), school toilet that represents cooperation between SIKIB and Public Work Department has been

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MIRROR

Djamaludin Suryohadikusumo

Making Compost with Love

tarted by the same hobby on plants, husband and wife, Djamaludin and Sri Murniati Djamaludin have built the housing area of Bumi Karang Indah Lebak Bulus into an area of green and fresh. The yard of their house that located in Block C, is full with various kinds of flowery and vegetable plants. The same can be seen at the neighbor house. The name of Djamaludin Suryohadikusumo does not sound so strange because he used to be the Forestry Ministry during the year 1993-1998. His wife had a carrier in Health Department. After retired, Djamaludin continues to actively participate in various environment organizations. He then took his family and moved to the neighborhood in 2000. "Everytime we go out of town to enjoy the beautiful nature, we always look for plant's seeds to be latter planted in the yard," explained Djamaludin accompanied by his wife, starting interview with Percik at Kebun Karinda not far from his house. Nursery and Composting Before Nursery and Composting Yard of Karinda (Karang Indah) was built in 2006, Djamaludin assisted by his wife have been practicing nursery and composting at their house. It is at his beautiful house that Djamaludin accepts whoever wants to learn to make compost on behalf of the

Environment Committee. However, due to the increasing requests for such training, a special place is required. "Coincidently, the developer provided the unused land to be used as the training center," said Djamaludin. With a more proper place, Djamaludin and wife are more comfortable in providing compost-

Djamaludin and wife. Pic: Bowo Leksono

ing training. Composting Training Don't imagine Kebun Karinda training center as full off dirty and smelly garbage. Clean and beautiful scene can be seen even in the front part of the garden. Different kind of flowery plants and vegetables such as chili and spinach decorated the right and left hand sides of the 300 square meters garden. At the right corner, is the composting practice. Several composting chambers made of inexpensive and unused materials such as brick, pave blocks, wood, and bamboo are

seen. "We don't need to use expensive materials to make compost. Used materials are sufficient," said Djamaludin. So is the case with compost materials. " We can start to make compost with organic waste from our kitchen or from the garbage around our house," said Niniek, Sri Murniati's nickname. While in the back part of the garden, there is a simple and rather vast building to be used as composting training place. Kebun Karinda opens free training every Tuesday and Saturday, each with 10 to 45 participants. "The participants came from Jakarta and the surrounding area. Some came from Cirebon. Most of them are women of PKK, women gathering, Moslem praying women (pengajian), and women from the complex. Some are students," said this mother of six and grandmother of five. Many people think that composting is not easy. That is not how Djamaludin and wife feel. Head and Deputy of the Environment Committee treat compost with love and producing compost in order to reduce waste. According to Djamaludin, composting is like human or any other living being. "In the composting process, there are bacteria that need to be taken care of. They also need food, drink, and air to breathe," said the man who claimed to learn composting from Ibu Harini Bambang Wahono of Banjarsari, Cilandak, South Jakarta. BW

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PLAN ROUNDABOUT
MCK program and TSC Plan Indonesia in the year 2005-2007, etc. The programs offered different kinds of assistance, from full toilet development to subsidize of the closet and cement. It is very unfortunate that the utilization of the above assistances were not maximal, because some toilets are not completely built and some are built but have never been used. Only few people of Sawe Village (under 50 percent) who already used the toilets, the rest are still practicing open defecation on the field, hill, ditch, river, or yard. They even call it a "helicopter toilet" because when there are people coming from the front, in order to avoid eye contact, they will turn to the other direction. They will continue to do that so that they are turning around like helicopter's propellers. Numerous river side areas across Sawe Village used to be less childrenfriendly areas because of the bad odor of human feces that can be found everywhere. This condition also relates with the data from district Puskesmas (health clinic) that showed Sawe Village as one of the areas of Hu'u District with category of high risk of diarrhea and cholera. More than few parents testified that their children often suffer from diarrhea and most of them have protuberant belly with skinny body because of the vermin/worm infection. Triggering that Brings Result By the activity of CLTS team that called themselves Open Defecation Exterminator Team of Hu'u District in cooperation with the village chief, BPD, the village's midwife, Babinsa, and religious leaders, the awareness of the people of Sawe Village that spread in three dusun of Lodo, Sawe, and Samakarya are triggered with regard to the adverse effects of open defecation, from the aspects of shame, disgust, religious, and

The people of Sawe Village is encouraged to start building toilets. Pic: Special

Sawe Village of Dompu Kabupaten

Answering the Challenge of the Health Minister

ealth Minister, Dr. dr. Siti Fadilah Supari, Sp.J(PK) opened the National Conference of Household Water Supply Management (Konas PAM-RT) and launched 10.000 villages of Community Lead Total Sanitation (CLTS), August 21st 2008, in Jakarta. Five days after, on August 26th 2008, the people of Sawe Village, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province, has answered the challenge by declaring their village free of open defecation. The declaration that was made by 34 representatives of the people of Sawe Village is made official by Dompu Bupati, Syaifurrahman Salman, through the signing of free-of-open-defecation board. The declaration that represents the wish of

the community of Sawe Village was made in order to inform the public in general that Sawe Village is free of open defecation. The habit has been degrading and interrupting their religious practice of Moslem. Low Sanitation Awareness Based on the information from local district (kecamatan) government through the report of Camat Hu'u Imran M. Hasan, since the 1990s, the people of Sawe Village that was still joined with Rasabou Village, have received many sanitation programs from the outside parties, both from government and NGOs, such as SWS program in the year 2001, WSLIC in the year 2005-2006, public

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PLAN ROUNDABOUT
also health. The triggering process is quite successful to raise community awareness. This can be seen in the habitual changing of the community who are no longer practicing open defecation. Numerous unused toilets are fixed and reactivated. If they cannot afford to build a toilet, they can use the public toilet or the neighbor's. Closet assistances that used to be just a decoration on the house are used to build toilets using the existed materials such as wood and bamboo. For families who cannot afford to buy closet, they are using their own technique from plastic cans or bamboo that are made as such to replace the closet. Up to now, the total of sanitation facilities own by the people of Sawe Village are 136 permanent toilets, 163 semi permanent toilets, and 6 public toilets. Based on the utilization of the septic tanks, only 10 percents are using the septic tanks, and the rest are using feces container with single cubluk model. The continuing effort to trigger community awareness also brings improvement on the community's health degree (definitive April 2008) besides changing community's behavior. According to the data from Puskesmas of Hu'u District, compare to the previous years, numbers of diarrhea patients are decreasing. Even in the last three months (April-July 2008), not even one person from the total population of 1.484 people of Sawe Village had suffered from diarrhea. Behind the Success The success of declaring the village of free of open defecation cannot be separated from the hard work of the champions; they who do not think that what they are doing is merely part of a job to provide for their family, they who have the willingness and moral responsibilities to encourage ideal condition without expecting anything in return.

Community representatives of Sawe Village of Dompu Kabupaten are reading their Declaration of Free of Open Defecation. Pic: Special

The effort to realize the wish of having a free-of-feces village was done selflessly by Asikin (district official), Imran (ustad), Haris (elementary school teacher), Nasrun (chief of the dusun), Haryono (Puskesmas staff), and Din (teenage leader). They are the one who initially participated in the CLTS training that was facilitated by Plan Indonesia Dompu Unit Program and Health Agency of the Kabupaten. From the direct triggering practice result during the training on last Fabruary 2008, they who are involved in the Open Defecation Exterminator Team are succeeded in triggering awareness of 12 people in one dusun to build their own toilets without outsider assistance. The next triggering was completed through religious activities, social activities, house to house visit, and encouraging the families who already triggered to trigger/encourage other families. Different techniques are also completed by these champions to trigger children, by teaching them the songs that they have learned during CLTS training,

that contain message to avoid open defecation, such as "Cucakrowo" and "Jablai Tai". These methods are proven to be effective in encouraging the children to not practicing open defecation anymore. Next Challenge As the first village in Dompu Kabupaten that is free of open defecation, the people of Sawe Village expect the effort to be continued by other villages in the district especially, and in Dompu Kabupaten in general. For that reason, numbers of handyman in Sawe Village tried to be closet maker in order to provide affordable closet for the community. By borrowing the print from Health Agency of Dompu Kabupaten, they are trying to produce closet using cement and sand. The result is quite satisfying, although smoothing process need to be done on the surface prior to painting. They are hoping to be able to provide cheap closet (Rp 40 to 50 thousand) as well as to earn profit.
M. Afrianto Kurniawan WES facilitator Plan Indonesia Dompu

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ISSDP ROUNDABOUT

From the Conference of "Sanitation Challenge":

The Key of Sustainable Sanitation

On last 19-21 May, a Conference of "Sanitation Challenge" was held at Wageningen, Netherlands. Two representatives of Indonesia, Haryo Sasongko, Urban Director, Directorate General Local Development Management of DEPDAGRI, who is also Second Chairman of National Sanitation Development Technical Team, and Syarif Puradimadja, CoTeam Manager ISSDP had the opportunity to participate in the conference. Many lessons were learned from the conference.
system to be able to be extended in order to meet the changing demand of the people. Requirements for operational and maintenance are: 1. Effective O&M depends on supportive and empowering climate to collect income, on-time repair, future expansion and/or growth of cleansing and sanitation. 2. Through the spirit of sustainability, the project is focused on holistic planning and local funding. 3. Effective operational and maintenance is important in sanitation initiative if compare with the water supply project, because O&M in sanitation requires longer time due to the requirement of larger effort from the community to apply new behavior and technology. So far, operation and maintenance receive less attention. There are two reasons for that: 1. NGOs and government are focused on how many users are covered in the initial stage, instead of how the users maintain the properly built facility. Thus, the project is focused on infrastructure and physical result, instead of the ability to maintain and manage the system. 2. Time period of the project that was initially funded by the outside party usually ranging from 3-5 years, often shorter compare to the time required to develop strong and effective O&M structure. In relation with the sanitation initiative, the process actually requires longer time than the water project. It is not easy for the community to change behavior and achieve success such as hoped by the project. As and example, routine handwashing is one of behaviors that is proven

overnment and NGOs often claims the sustainable success of their water supply and sanitation programs. However, the fact in the field shows different. More often than not, water supply and sanitation initiatives in the poor rural and urban areas in the developing countries are considered to be a success at first, turned out to fail for different reasons. Local community only switched using the traditional water supply and sanitation method that cause many burdens and unprotected. Moreover, community is still depending on outside skill and assistance due to the lack of local empowerment and knowledge transfer. From that fact, the sustainability aspect needs to be reviewed. There are two main components that are currently receive less attention in many projects but vital for sustainability, these components are holistic planning and effective operational and maintenance (O & M). The latter requires special attention, because this often to be forgotten or not exist in a project. This is important to guarantee long-term sustainability. The following is brief description of the two sustainability components. Holistic Water and Sanitation Planning Holistic planning in water supply and sanitation sectors encloses several important aspects of:

1. Holistic planning requires overall understanding regarding local needs, funding mechanism inclusion, and its relation with related regulations and efforts in the water supply and sanitation sectors. 2. Holistic approach is using demand responsive approach (DRA) that makes it possible for the user to make precise decision regarding their water supply and sanitation options. Outside parties are functioning as facilitator of information, discussion, and service provider. 3. Holistic planning analyzes DRA result with the existed funding mechanism, both from local or outside, to develop sustainable water supply and sanitation plan. 4. Holistic planning considers ways to realize national water supply and sanitation policies through program and project, and tries to include resources (manpower, supply network) as well as lesson learned from the same project in the surrounding area to maximize efficiency. Effective Operational and Maintenance Operational and maintenance (O & M) determine sustainability of the facility. The process is important to ensure that initial investment can continue to provide benefit for the user. Moreover, the process needs to be able to make the

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ISSDP ROUNDABOUT

to be hard to apply, even in developed countries where soap and water are always available.

manager will visit the villages to collect and distribute the money. 3) Long-term Operational and Maintenance Overcoming the Challenge Effective operational and mainteUsually, solution to realize sustainnance requires long-term planning. The ability requires the present of technical general condition in the community is expert and community health practitionthat they are not used to do it because of er to reduce the focus on construction and cultural and economical reasons. technology. They do not focus on the Therefore, it is important to: ways to compile effective plans to maina. Perform procedure formalization. tain the system. The latter is evidently For example, spare parts of water supply more important. The following are steps and sanitation facilities that often got to overcome the main challenges: broken, such as water tap, or pipe con1) Improving Communication nector, bought in large numbers so that Steps are required to improve comrepair can be done immediately after munication between community and damage is occur. Other than that, time assistance provider and to accomplish period of the repair will be decided when empowerment. Current system condition the damage happens. If time period canwhere community is waiting (passively) not be accomplished, village water for outside assistance cannot happen. authority will sanction them. Therefore, couples of things to be done b. Cooperation with private operaare: tor. A more common ways of improva. The importance of water messening O&M is to hire private operator in ger. It can be rotated every year. The perthe form of water supply and sanitason who holds this position has to provide tion user group of the village or outside the latest monthly data regarding the organization to collect user fee, fix the water supply and sanitadamage, and perform tion situation to kaburoutine maintenance. paten's water supply and Other than that, the sanitation office. success of private secMessage can be delivered tor in small scale water by different ways, like supply and sanitation the existed transportadistribution needs to be tion, such as drink disdocumented. tributor that reach 4) Involving women remote villages, or pharas main managers of macy/drug stores that water supply and family's receives drug supply health. This is important from kabupaten. because they have more b. The existence of interest in maintaining kabupaten's water supwater supply distribution ply and sanitation office and community sanitaCo Team Manager of ISSDP Syarif Puradimadja (front left) during the Conference of "Sanitation Challenge" at Wageningen, Netherland. that function as the cention. The step of improvPic: Special ter of information ing the role of women can regarding local needs be done by making offers and initiatives for the government and and can be use by families that are interto the handicraft groups or women non-government stakeholders in the ested in building the toilets. Or, the movfarmer, which are commonly found in the water supply and sanitation sectors. In ing fund can be collected to serve several villages, so that they are directly involved the village, opinion, thoughts, and ideas villages, where every three months, fund in the O&M.

to increase water supply/sanitation can be collected by those who are responsible to manage the system of water supply and sanitation. Data collection and community input can be done in meetings that were held at religious places such as mosque or church or at county hall. 2) Improving Access to Capital and Financial Guarantee a. The importance of increasing access to the fund by using non-traditional methods such as rural capital loan. Micro financial scheme in Asia, as documented by micro financial organization, has proved that poor people are worthy to be trusted and return their small loans. b. Access to the fund can be done through cooperation with a project by creating rolling fund that is managed by the village. Loan receiver must provide initial deposit and agree to develop toilet and sanitation. In return, loan receiver will be given the fund to buy toilet's materials, which mostly are concrete blocks for the floor. They agree to pay back the nointerest loan during certain period of time; hence the fund will be recollected

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WA S P O L A R O U N D A B O U T

Interactive Dialogue in RRI is considered to be Rare and Meaningful Event

Sanitation Year 2008 that was held at ticipants with regard to issues and the alkshow/interactive dialogue in Bangka Kabupaten by involving particirequired alternatives of solution. The the Radio of Republic of Indopation of all stakeholders' element. speakers gave positive responds and nesia (RRI) Bangka Belitung ArRecommendation of the event actions with regard to the developing chipelago Province was considered to be includes: a) the importance of repetitive WSES issues that are considered to be the rare and meaningful event. This stateand continuous policy advocacy to change local need. ment was made by one of the dialogue behavior, b) the importance of providing Important results of the event are: a) speakers, Herman Suhadi as the member proper sanitation and solid waste facilideveloping understanding and public of D Commision, Bangka Kabupaten ties for the community, c) PHBS educaopinion regarding the issues of water supDPRD. tion since early age, d) improving the role ply and environmental sanitation, b) utiThe interactive dialogue was held in of women in local WSES development, e) lizing mass media as local advocacy partthe studio of RRI Sungailiat, Bangka development of proper technology to ner of WSES policy implementation, c) Kabupaten, on May 27th 2008, presented improve water quality, f) accomplish raising awareness and encouraging all numbers of competent speakers, namely access to WSES coverage, g) increasing elements of stakeholder to perform susH Tarmizi as Provincial Secretary (Sekda) local WSES budget, and h) implementatainable synergic cooperation in the local of Bangka Kabupaten, Fredy as represention of WSES-BM Strategic Plan of WSES development, d) tools of common tative of Environmental Agency of Bangka Kabupaten by involving particilearning and capacity building of local Bangka Kabupaten, Herman Suhadi as D pation of the overall WSES perpetrator. WSES working group in operational of Commision, Bangka Kabupaten DPRD, Local Follow Up Plan includes a) conlocal policies, e) improving commitment Yudi Kristanto as Director of PT Polman tinuing the linkage between first day to increase budget for participative WSES Timah, Albana as representative of activity material with advance facilitation development, etc. Bangka Post Media, and hosted by training that was held in Bangka Belitung The event was initiated by Provincial Rustian Al-Anshori and RRI Sungailiat Archipelago Province, b) provincial WSES Working Group of Bangka with the topic of "Saving Water Resources WSES working group will perform disBelitung in cooperation with Bangka by Preventing Environmental Degrasemination of the talkshow to other counKabupaten WSES Working Group, dation and Sanitation Behavior in Bangka terpart areas, c) provincial WSES workNational WSES Working Group, and Kabupaten". ing group will make campaign format WASPOLA. It was held in order to follow Also present in the event were 40 peowith mass media in a more appropriate up agreement of WSES policy advocacy ple, from provincial WSES working form in provincial level. strategy in Bangka Belitung Archipelago groups, kabupaten WSES working group, Important notes on this event are, a) Province in early 2008, and at the same media, invited guests, speakers, universitalkshows are still considered to be rare time as launching event of Indonesia's ties, Community Lead Water Supply in the area, b) this kind of Manager Group, Babel events is considered to meet Advocacy Forum and WASPOthe local needs as campaign LA. The event was broadcasted media to encourage participalive through radio transmitter tions of all parties in operaand acquires positive response tional of local policies, and c) from the community. it is important to consider furThe interactive dialogue ther facilitation to prepare was initiated by playing several local leaders to be speakers movies that showing facts relatwith proper capacity in camed with the theme of discuspaigning sustainable operasion, such as "Save My Babel", tional of local policies. "WSES Policy", and "WSES The event was closed by Crisis". It was continued by a Interactive dialogue in RRI Sungailiat, Bangka Kabupaten. delivering campaign shirt. more focus dialogue by the parPic: WASPOLA

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OUR GUEST

Dewi Motik:

"The Level of Education Affects the Quality of Hygiene"

lthough she holds position in different companies and is very busy in various women organization, Dr Cri Puspa Dewi Motik Pramono, MSc is still proud to be called housewife. For her, it is the noblest position than any other positions. It is true that her activities as a carrier woman took most of her times; nevertheless this beautiful woman does not ignore her destiny. "The duty of a housewife is putting the base for education and family prosperity which also means the future of the nation," said the woman who wears the veil to Percik in her private car. Along the ride, Dewi Motik talks a lot about conditions of toilets in Indonesia. Until date, the woman who prefers simplicity for her look is often still feeling sad with the poor condition of the school toilets, especially in public schools. According to Dewi Motik, plenty of schools, from elementary schools to universities, are in poor conditions, not only from hygiene point of view, but also from their physical condition. "I don't even want to talk about the school bathroom/restroom, because even the classroom is still far from hygiene. What does the education minister work at? He shouldn't be the education minister," said the woman who is active as businesswoman, writer, lecturer, speaker in various seminars and judges in various competitions. Dewi said, when one of her children went into High School, she deliberately put her child in a public school instead of private school like during Elementary or Junior High School. "My daughter com-

Foto: Bowo leksono

plained because she couldn't pee for the whole week. She's not used to pee in dirty school toilets," said the mother of Moza Pramita Pramono and Adimaz Prarezeki Indramuda Pramono. Nevertheless, as someone who cares about toilet, Dewi Motik feels that there are plenty of public places with clean and comfortable toilets. "Toilet's hygiene reflects the owner who concern about hygiene and health," said the woman who was born in Jakarta, May 10th 1949. Where the Problem Lays According to the graduate of doctoral program of Residential and Environmental Education of the Public University

of Jakarta, the problem of lack of concern regarding the toilet's hygiene lays on education level and socialization. Dewi said, the education in Indonesia needs to be improved first, because it will influence people awareness. Dewi said, the Indonesian people did not inherit good things from the Dutch colonials. "I think the Dutch thinks highly of hygiene. We are the one who did not want to inherit that. Is this one sign that we are not ready to be independent?," said the former None Jakarta 1968 and winner of different kinds of beauty pagan. Teaching the children to live clean and healthy life at school and home, according to Dewi, is the foundation in

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OUR GUEST
planting good behavior so that the children will grow with quality that can be proud of. "How can they be qualify and useful human being if the environment at their houses and schools are dirty and poor?" said the wife of Pramono Soekasno. Dewi once feel sad and proud at the same time when one of the organizations, which is Solidaritas Istri Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu (SIKIB) held essay competition regarding environmental hygiene for students of elementary school to high school. In one elementary school, after participating in the competition, the children did not want to go back home because they wanted to clean the toilets in their school. Dewi Motik said we can see that the nation with high educational level is the nation that have concern to the hygiene of the toilet and consider the toilet's hygiene as number one. Socialization Every Second Behavior and habit of hygiene to support the health, according to Dewi, is the responsibility of everyone and it has to be integrated. Not just personal problem of the community or the government, but requires shoulder to shoulder cooperation. In order to raise awareness of the community, according to Dewi, continuous socialization or campaign and education is essential. "It should be more than just daily, but every second and every minute." Dewi defines environmental health as what we put in or what we eat and what we put out must also clean. "The food we eat and where we make the food, which is the kitchen, must also clean. So is the place to put it out, must also clean," said the activist who doesn't want to go into practical politic. Dewi described her experience when she went to China. Not just hygiene and comfort that are well-maintained, the technology is also very modern. "Not just comfortable and warm toilet seats, but when we pup, there is one measurement device that will measure the cholesterol level and other concentration levels in our feces," said this woman activist who often visit the foreign countries bringing the mission for Indonesia. Toilet hygiene and comfort, according to Dewi relates closely to the prestige of the nation. Without it, the government program of Visit Indonesia Year 2008 will be useless to try to attract thousands even million of foreign tourists to Indonesia. "The first thing that people will look for when they first get out of the airplane is toilet. Therefore, airport toilet's hygiene becomes the main door in attracting the tourists. How do we expect the tourists to enjoy their stay when their basic needs are not fulfilled because of the dirty toilet at the airport?" said the woman who holds master degree in National Defense Review (PKN) from University of Indonesia. It is true that clean and healthy toilets must always be luxurious and expensive. According to Dewi, the important thing is responsibility of the users. For public toilets, a keeper who is paid to be responsible for cleaning the toilet must be provided. "As user of public toilet, we must respect the people that will use the toilet after we do. That is the meaning of collective responsibility in maintaining the hygien," said the Chairman for Environment of Women Alliance for Sustainable Development (APPB) closing the interview. BW

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LOCAL WSES WORKING GROUP ROUNDABOUT

Communication and Woman Participation

pen communication and close are manage by the woman. Therefore, Agencies, legislative (DPRD), education cooperation between governwoman involvedness in decision making institution, NGO, village and kecamatan ment and community, especialand WSES infrastructure development elements, are assigned to work together ly woman participation within WSES calls for more attention. to put together a small T puzzle. development socialization, may maintain In WSES development, open commuOne representative of the group takes sustainability of WSES infrastructures in nication and close cooperation between role as instructor and the rest are putting the village level. The awareness then stakeholders, such as proven in simulatogether the puzzle. At first, a divider is encourage WSES Working Group of tion through broken T group game. In placed between instructor and the rest of Kebumen to held Communication this game, participants that come from the group. This will cause the information Strengthening Workshop in order to different sectors such as related WSES to not maximally delivered, and thus, boost woman participation on until the time is up, the group WSES development at Kebumen won't be able to put together the Kabupaten on 15-16 July 2008. puzzle. When the divider is elimThe workshop was fully facilitated inated, the assignment can be by WSES Working Group of solved quicker, communication Kebumen Kabupaten, assisted by becomes more effective and WASPOLA for several sessions. cooperation can be built closer. On the opening speech, Vice Moreover, the workshop is Bupati of Kebumen, K.H also a socialization process of Nasiruddin Al-Mansur said that WSES assistance to 11 villages of the workshop is expected to better Kebumen, as underlined by Anna encourage the women to improve Ratnawati from WSES Working their participation sustainably in Group. Hence, since the beginthe WSS development. "Active role ning, community is involved to of all participants are required in design participation and socialorder to achieve optimum WSES ization to be held in order to raise development." ownership and sustainability to In the workshop that was held WSES facilities that will be proat Benteng Van Der Wijck Hotel, vided. gender equality becomes imporIn this training, 11 villages tant issues that were discussed. compile together the map of Gender equality means equal conWSES problems and compile dition for men and women to action plan of the villages for acquire opportunities and their 2009 allocation. Commitment rights as human being to be able to and readiness of the community take role and participate in WSES are more important in guarandevelopment. In WSES developteeing sustainability of inframent, the woman role is very structure maintenance in the One of the sessions in Communication Strengthening Workshop in important, because most of future. DHA/WH order to Encourage Women Participation for WSES development in Kebumen Kabupaten on 15-16 July 2008. Pic: Dini Haryati domestic affairs of the household

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WES-UNICEF ROUNDABOUT

Community Led Total Sanitation in Cidahu, Sukabumi

t first, only 10 houses have and use toilets. Feelings of shame, disgust, and sinned make the people of Ciseke to no longer practice open defecation. Disgust and shame are one's respond to refuse psychological object, in this case, scattering feces. In approximately four months, the community that consists of 121 houses and 138 families are able to free themselves from open defecation practice. Voluntarily and accordingly to their ability, they build toilets near their houses. When asked why making toilet inside the house, a woman answered, "For convenience reason, no need to go far in case we have stomachache in the middle of the night." Cidahu Kecamatan has become famous for Polio plague in the year 2005. This disease was spreading because of the dirty environment; people practiced open defecation on the river, pond, or field. Health Agency of Sukabumi Kabupaten have tried to apply community led total sanitation (CLTS) in one of the villages at Ciseke. Toilet development until date have not optimum, especially in changing behavior of the community. The approach has orientation to physical construction of the toilet without proper education effort of clean and healthy lifestyle (PHBS). The toilet design is often too expensive for the poor. Material subsidy cannot

be continued either by government or donor. The project was not effective on reaching out to the poor community group. The toilet was built, but more often than not, is not being used by the people. Feelings of Shame, Guilty, and Sinned Human dispose the feces because they feel that it has no use. Feces are disposed far from where they are because they are feeling disturb, cannot stand the odor, not easy to look at, and for those who understand, may cause illness. When they dispose it far for them, it usually meant closer to other, such as their chil-

dren, family, or neighbor. This understanding is then raise by facilitator by helping community to count how many ton is the feces of the people in one village everyday that was being disposed of to the field, or river. How horrible it is to defecate openly because it will disturb others, and making them feel uncomfortable and even sick. In Moslem teaching, it is believed that hygiene is part of the faith, and open defecation causing the environment to be unclean. Open defecation for some people is considered to be a sin. The feelings of disgust and shame of causing the feces to scatter are the entry point for CLTS approach. Disgust and

The triggering process of cidahu community.

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WES-UNICEF ROUNDABOUT
shame are triggered by inviting community to discuss directly at location where they usually defecate openly. In general, all of them feel disgusted and close their nose during discussion. Some of them are feeling shame by what they have done. Shame is raised by facilitators to be the factor to motivate the community to change. The next question is whether community is willing to change. Willingness to change is one of psychological peaks of the community in this approach. Community Confidence and Self Respect Although the feelings of disgust and shame have entered their minds, when asked whether they wanted to change or not, most of them cannot answered. Many gave excuses for open defecation, such as cannot afford a toilet, no government concern, the existed toilets were built improperly, etc. At Dusun Ciseke, Cidahu, Sukabumi, when officials asked who among the people is willing to be the chairman and lead other people to carry out behavior change, everyone was silence. One person called Ujang said that it is impossible for them to build toilets without government's help because the people of Ciseke only earn Rp 13 thousand/day. "It was difficult enough to eat, let alone build a toilet," he said. With little emotional, one community leader said, "Which one is more important, provide for our family, or build toilet?" The other agreed. Facing the people who are still refusing to change, sharper questions to trigger shame, fear of disease, and guilt were asked. In this difficult situation official usually initiate to lead the community to change. However, usually, there is one or two people who are dare to go against the other who do not want to change. Those who are willing to change are continued to be encouraged to influence others until their number is sufficient to independently organize the change of the rest of the community. By the leadership of Ujang, the people of Ciseke formed working group of Feces Exterminator Team with seven members namely Dudu (kampong leader), Ukin (Head of RT), Idim (youth leader), Adah, and Neneng. After the team is formed, they started to make map and action plan for community to build toilet. As an initial step, they closed down the MCK and dry the pond around the MCK. It was proven, the next day, the pond is dried. Dudu was the first who built septic tank. He really supports the program because he thinks the program will make the environment to be cleaner. For that reason, Dudu was willing to be the example for community and built septic tank. Other than closing down MCK and dry the pond, the community was working together to make septic tank holes for those who don't have one. The next, toilet development is spreading, and respect arose when the families built toilet. The cost for making toilets varied accordingly with the ability of the people, started from Rp 100 thousand - Rp 500 thousand. The principle of CLTS is not applying financial aid or direct subsidy to the people. In triggering, open defecation is believed to make them feel guilty, disgusted and shame. They promised to improve their behavior. Financial aid will spoil psychological order that was formed. Education is being delivered with the spirit of not being the wiser person, not forcing and not promoting toilet. Officials are capable to influence the people and make them their own leader. Community leadership is able to encourage in total, all community components at Ciseke, to be involved in problem's analysis, planning, and implementation, as well as using and maintaining the facilities that were built by them. The important thing is the initiative that came from the people. The overall decision was done by the people and applied collectively. Community solidarity (man, woman, rich or poor) is essential in application of this approach. Everything is made by the people, with no outside interference. With official's step and earnest, usually natural leader will arise. Free of Open Defecation It was initiated by socialization activity at Tangkil Village that was presented by Camat Cidahu, village officials, including religious leaders, community leaders, and village cadre. The meeting was facilitated by sanitation official and health promotion official of Puskesmas Cidahu. The next step is what they called "triggering". Triggering is meant to provide description to the community that defecates openly will cause the environment to be dirty, smelly, and spreading disease. Action plan of the community showed its result. In four months, the Villages of Ciseke, and Tangkil, of Cidahu Kecamatan, Sukabumi Kabupaten are free of open defecation. The people of Ciseke Village are not alone. Many villages in Indonesia have been freed from open defecation through intervention of the local government, NGO, and other organization. Health Department reported that in 2007 no less than 160 villages are free from open defecation and in 2008, as many as 200 kabupatens tried this approach in their area.
Dr. Hening Darpito Water and Environmental Sanitation Specialist UNICEF

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WES-UNICEF ROUNDABOUT

Intention and Determination for A Drop of Water

Nonetheless, the difficult transportation access did not lessen the will of the people of Mawar Village to acquire water. Under the leadership of the Village Chief, Yusak Olang, hundreds of people of Mawar Village started to work together to build water supply facility with gravitational piping network system since July. "Even the members of our village who are living and working in Kalabahi came and participate in the development by hauling non-local materials such as pipe and cement. Meanwhile, the rest are selfsupportingly collect local materials such as sand, gravel, and stone," said Yusak who have become the village head for the last ten years. Three Years of Waiting Mwar Village is one of five villages that become the target of water supply facilities development by gravitational piping system in Alor Kabupaten, which the preparation process have been initiated in the year 2006. "For the first stage, water supply facility development that was supported by Unicef was completed in the Villages of Mawar, Aimoli, and Maritain. While Kuneman and Purnama Villages will be developed at the earliest on October this year," explained Abdurahman. The man who graduated from Malang Muhamadiyah University is optimists that Mawar Village will be the first village in the Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, maybe even in Indonesia that can enjoy ready-to-drink water. "Looking at the remarkable community participation, at the latest in November 2008, the development will be 100 percent completed

The people of Mawar Village are working together to haul the pipe. Pic: Special

he difficult geographical condition of Mawar Village, Pantar Timur Kecamatan, Alor Kabupaten, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province that rocky and hilly, is not proven to be an obstacle for the people to build the first water supply facility in the province. When we hear the name of the village, Mawar (rose), some people might think that roses are growing in the village located at the farthest east of Pantar Island, Alor Kabupaten, thus the village is named after the flower. However, the guess is proven to be wrong; according to Abdurahman Sang, Head of Social Cultural, Bappeda of Alor Kabupaten who also responsible as Unicef Team Leader of Activity Ope-

rational (Penanggung Jawab Operasional Kegiatan - PJOK), the name Mawar was taken from two words in local language. "Ma" means house, and "war" means rock. Thus, free translation of Mawar is the house above the rock. "The name of Mawar Village which means the house above the rock fairly describes the difficult rocky geographical condition and hilly topographical condition of the village," added Abdurahman Sang who better known as Pak Man. Likewise, Mawar Village can only be reached by approximately one and a half hour motor boat ride from Kalabahi city; that is if the current condition of the strait between Alor and Pantar Islands is calm, otherwise, the ride will take twice as long.

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WES-UNICEF ROUNDABOUT
and ready to be made official," he said. The people of Mawa Village, must wait for three years before finally able to carry out the water supply facility development. "The first stage is technical feasibility survey that was held by Unicef with kabupaten team on the end of 2006," said Yusak regarding the stages of water supply facility development in his village. Yusak added, that on August 2007, team from Bappeda of Alor Kabupaten was back to Mawa Village to complete the process of compiling Community Action Plan (CAP) after detail survey and compilation of technical plan of gravitational piping network development that was done several months prior. In the technical plan, the piping system of Mawar Village was design using house connector units that was equipped with water meter. "My village will be the first village in NTT that have water supply system with house connector," said Yusak proudly. Still about participation and contribution of Mawar Village, according Yonatan Peni, the head of water supply facility development committee of Mawar Village, community is agreed to pay for local material such as sand, gravel, and stone. The materials must be hauled from the beach side, to the construction site with steep topography and is two to three kilometers away. "If counted as money, our contribu-

Women participation in the water supply facility development in Mawar Village. Pic: Special

tion can reach the number Rp 100 million," said Yonatan enthusiastically. Furthermore, it was also agreed to collect water tap connection fund of Rp 10 thousand for one house unit and Rp 1.000 for 1 m3 water usage. "With the house connector system and measured water usage, justice will be guaranteed for the people," Yonatan added. Facility with Water Supply Standard Water supply facility development in Mawar Village is a little different with

most of similar facility development. First, the facility was design to supply drinkable water, not just clean water. Drinkable water because this system relies on clean and clear natural spring from Ombay Village in the Highland of Pantar Island. The spring is located approximately five kilometers away through steep and precipitous hilly road. It can be imagined how difficult it was for the people of Mawa Village to build this water supply system. Everyday for several months, by foot going through over ten kilometers carrying heavy materials such as cement, sand, gravel, and galvanize pipe. The will and determination of the people of Mawar Village can be used as an example for the people of other villages, not just in Alor Kabupaten, but also NTT Province, that with strong determination, hard work and good leadership, it is possible to realize a dream. "May Mawar Village can be an example for other villages," hope Abdurahman Sang. Let's see the result of the hard work of the people of Mawar Village.
Reza Hendrawam Technical Project Officer UNICEF NTT

Location of the reservoir with the beautiful scenery background. Pic: Special

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Declaration of Free from Open Defecation and Declaration of Health Fund Participants

"T

his achievement is a great gift for me in the end of my duty. I do hope that this sort of community creativity can be continued in the future," said Achmad Fauzi, Bupati of Lumajang, East Java in before his public. That day, Tuesday, July 8th 2008, two great achievements are accomplished by two kecamatans in Lumajang Kabupaten. The achievements were marked by declaration of 100 percent people of Senduro Kecamatan using toilet sanitation facilities and 100 percent people of Gucialit Kecamatan have become members of health fund that was focused on County Hall of Kandangan Village, Senduro Kecamatan. Camat of Senduro, Khodiri in his speech said that this declaration represents the closure of declarations in the village level. "This success was the form of community awareness in changing their behavior. They are not depending on financial aid from the government but on determination and belief of living a clean and healthy life," he said. Started in the Year 2005 For three years, since 2005, the people of Senduro Kecamatan have started the movement of using the toilet. The method applied was Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) or adopted as Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM). Purworejo Village has become the pilot project and in the early 2006, this village has been free from open defecation first compare to the other 12 villages in Senduro Kecamatan. The success of Purworejo Village

The reading of Declaration of 100 percent people of Senduro Kecamatan using toilet sanitation facility and 100 percent people of Gucialit Kecamatan become the member of healthy fund, July 8th 2008. Pic: Bowo Leksono

Interview with Bupati of Lumajang, Achmad Fauzi

hat is your comment regarding the success of the two kecamatans? As local government, I am very proud of the success of CLTS because it was capable of empowering community with all of their might without any subsidize or financial aid from the local government. What will you do with the independent success of the community? I promise, in the end of my duty, to award rewards. I still don't know the real form, but I will talk with DPRD to include it in the APBD budget. Essentially, is there any policy of Lumajang Government in the sanitation sector? Sanitation is one of the main pro-

grams of the health sectors that represent one of the development priorities in Lumajang Kabupaten. What is the concrete form? Providing assistance for Gakin (poor families) program which in the start of the program was Rp 500 thousand and now is Rp 3 million. The assistance includes the fund to build family's toilet facility; as well as program assistance for Posyandu and Poskesdes in each village of Rp 10 million per year for three years to motivate community to start clean and healthy life. Other prominent program is Gerbang Mas that stands for Gerakan Pembangunan Ekonomi Masyarakat (Community Economic Development Movement). BW

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affected other villages to parspirit and awareness of the ticipate. Thus in 2006, CLTS people itself to be willingly was developed in five villages triggered to build the toilet and at the end of 2006, shoulder by shoulder. Bedayu Village has succeeded to be an open defecation Quantitative Data free (ODF) village. The result that was In the mid 2007, CLTS achieved by Senduro Kemethod has been developed camatan from the year in Pandansari Village, how2005, the number of toilet ever the result was less satisownership increased from factory, thus in early 2008, 6.167 to 9.081 in the year workshop of TSSM (Total 2008 by 2.917 increasing Sanitation and Sanitation numbers of toilets. This Marketing) Program was increment was purely the held at Lumajang Kabupaten result of community's efBupati of Lumajang, East Java, Achmad Fauzi during presentation of community by involving cross sectoral fort. behavior changes process to ODF. Pic: Bowo Leksono leaders, such as PKK, In CLTS toilet developvillages of Wonocepokoayu, Kandangan, Empowerment (Pemberdayaan), Kimment, there was no demand for the peoSenduro, Sarikemuning, Burno, praswil, UPTD Puskesmas Education and ple to build luxurious toilets. In Senduro, Kandangtepus, Argosari, and Pandansari. Sanitarian. It was during this event that out of 2.917 toilets, 1.310 are cemplung Many challenges were faced by the TSSM team was established and legalized toilets, 127 are concrete toilets, and 1.477 TSSM team, but with spirit and determithrough SK of Senduro Camat with five are closet toilets. While the total value of nation, assistance from different parties cross sectoral members. community's effort in the construction such as kecamatan and village officials TSSM team moves by planning and activity and toilet quality improvement completed the effort. However more than scheduling triggering actions in the tarfor the last three years is Rp anything, the most important thing is the geted villages of the program, such as the 879.285.000.

Health Fund for the People of Gucialit

ince the past year, Gucialit Kecamatan has enjoyed the success of ODF. It seems, the success of the community that was based on awareness is continuing to grow as to be able to maintain, even develop other programs. One of the programs applied in the villages of Gucialit Kecamatan is developing Health Fund as part of the Aware Village National Program. It is not surprising that this year, Gucialit Kecamatan again declare its success as 100 percent people becomes the member of health fund. What is health fund? Sariyam, the Head of Jeruk Village to Percik said that Health Fund is the fund collected from the people in order to meet the health needs of the people. "In Jeruk Village, the fee of Rp 1000 per family is collected per month," he said. According to Sariyam, Health Fund in Jeruk Village is used to help those in labor or suffers some illness and have to stay in the hospital. "Thus, those who are sick but don't have to stay in the hospital won't get the fund," he said. The Health Fund is given to the people in the amount of

Rp 100 thousand. This aid does not differentiate whether the receiver is rich or poor. "Because everyone pays the fee for Health Fund, thus it must be returned to the people without looking at their social status," said Sariyam. It is not easy to move people to pay the fee no matter how small the amount. Economic condition often used as strong excuse for the people to refuse any form of fee, even when it is used for the benefit of everyone. The success of Jeruk Village in implementing the program of Health Fund can not be separated from the cadres of Aware Village (Desa Siaga). "At first, there are pros and cons. However, eventually, by the effort of the cadres, the people are starting to realize. Especially after knowing how valuable it is the aid during they are sick, even if it is only Rp 100 thousand," said Sariyam. In Jeruk Village, Health Fund has been initiated since December 12th 2007, while the fee is started to be collected in April 2008. As many as 589 families have become participants of Health Fund that represents indicator of community led funding.

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C LT S R O U N D A B O U T
The material that was given in this CLTS training among others are reflection of sanitation project experience and CLTS introductory at different countries and areas, CLTS principles and three pillars of participatory rural appraisal (PRA) in CLTS, and also simulation of triggering element and challenging factors in CLTS. After participants received and mastered the CLTS materials, field practice was held on several locations that have not yet freed from open defecation. The first class was assigned at Tunjung Tiga and Cilaku Villages, whereas the second class was assigned at three villages of Kramatwatu Kecamatan, namely Villages of Pegadingan, Pelamunan, and Margasana. The purpose of the field practice is to trigger community to no longer practice open defecation. As the result, community is triggered and together with facilitator team is making follow up action plan (RTL) that includes schedule from the start to the end of toilet development activity. Through RTL that was made by the participants, these groups will continue to be monitored and consorted to be able to affect others who haven't been triggered. Participants of the TOT are expected to continue to monitor and consort the triggered villages. It is also expected that two weeks after the training and triggering are over, Banten Province will be free from open defecation. Directorate General of PMD Ayip Muflich underlined that this activity provide understanding regarding CLTS to all participants. "Thus, participants are expected to apply CLTS in community level at Banten Province, which is the CLTS laboratory in Indonesia," he said. In general, the TOT has succeeded to provide understanding regarding CLTS theories to all participants. This was shown in the improvement of average final test score compare to the initial test score, from 4,7 to 8,1 or approximately 72 percent.

Directorate General of Village Community Empowerment (PMD) of Domestic Affair Department is holding CLTS Training of Trainer (TOT) at Banten Province. Pic: Bowo Leksono

CLTS TOT at Banten Province

odernity or modern life style does not guarantee someone or a family to implement clean and healthy life style. It is proven in the life style of the people who are living in Jakarta or the surrounding area, who are still practicing open defecation. Therefore, to trigger the people to start using the toilet, Directorate General of PMD of Domestic Affair Department held CLTS training of trainer (TOT) at Cilegon, Banten Province that was divided into two classes. The first class TOT was held on 27

June - 1 July 2008. The activity was followed by participants from central and local (University of Tirtayasa, Puskesmas of kecamatan, government official at kecamatan level, Health Agency, National WSES Working Group, Directorate General of PMD of Depdagri and Directorate General PP&PL, Health Department). For the second class, TOT was held on 11 to 15 July 2008 where the majority participants come from Kabupatens of Serang and Pandeglang as well as several participants from the central and local.

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Embarrassed When Guests are visiting

t was unusual, on the yard of the Head of RT 01/RW 04 Pelamunan Village, Kramatwatu Kecamatan, Serang Kabupaten, more than 10 people, mostly women, joint together. Standing in circle, they are listening to few facilitators enlighten them regarding clean and healthy life style in that village. Since years ago, most of the houses at Pelamunan Village do not have toilets. People are practicing open defecation on the field or river; places where they thought are safe and comfortable to defecate. "Whenever we, the community, needs to "go", we will go to the river," said Hajanah, member of RT 04/RW 01 of Pegadingan Village to Percik while addressing to the Benyu River that was

located just behind her house. The dirty and smelly river becomes the life reliance of the people as a place to defecate every day. They also use the river to dispose all of the household waste. On Monday, July 14th 2008, CLTS facilitators who acquired previous three days TOT were assigned to several RTs in the three villages of Pelamunan, Pegadingan, and Margasana, Kramatwatu Kecamatan, Serang Kabupaten. Banten Province. Economic Condition In reality, people realized and understood the importance of having their own toilets. They are greatly aware, when asked by facilitators, what happened when guests are visiting and they sudden-

One of the facilitators is trying to enlighten the people regarding clean and healthy lifestyle at Pelamunan Village, Kramatwatu Kecamatan, Serang Kabupaten, Banten, Pic: Bowo Leksono

ly need to "go". Feelings of confuse and shame are obviously in their minds, especially when the guest closed his nose after looking for toilet behind the house, and couldn't find one. "Usually, when my guest needs to "go" I will take him/her to my relative's house that has toilet," said Marsiyah, member of RT 01/RW 04 Pelamunan Village. The main reason that has always came up when the people were asked why until now, they haven't have family toilets is simply do not have money. This is actually not the matter of poor and rich people. It was proven, most of them have nice houses, and some even have motor cycle. The simplest prove, almost all of them have cellular phones. Looking at the reality, the absence of toilets for every family is not merely because of economic condition, but more to the lack of community's awareness in applying clean and healthy lifestyle. The toilets don't have to be luxurious with expensive cost. A simple one is sufficient, accordingly with the economic capacity. What good is luxurious toilet if open defecation is still being practiced in large? There is other factor that caused community's independency to government aid on toilet development. This is part of past mistakes in policy application that tends to spoil the people, whereas in CLTS program, community's independency is crucial. Iwa Rasniwa, one of the facilitators, said that it's not easy to influence the people to build family toilets, "Requires patient in comprehending condition and aspiration of the people," he said. BW

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WAT S A N N E T W O R K R O U N D A B O U T

Media and Campaign Discussion of

Environmental Sanitation

Watsan Network is helding Discussion of Media and Campaign of Environmental Sanitation celebrating Environmental Day and International Sanitation Year 2008. Pic: Dini Haryati

he media holds a very important role in information distribution. The media role is more than just providing information to the public, but also persuading the people to act better in understanding the problems of environment. Environmental problems often present in the media coverage, however the frequency were not as much as coverage on law, politic, or other social problems. There are many reasons for that, among others are environmental issues that were not main priority and not attracting much attention. Using the moment of Environmental Day that was celebrated every June 5th in accordance with establishment of the year 2008 as International Sanitation Year by the UN, Watsan Network held Discussion of Environmental Sanitation Media and Campaign, as one of the efforts to socialize environmental issues especially environmental sanitation. This discussion was also used as the meeting event for the member of Watsan Network.

The discussion that was held on June 12th 2008, at Sapta Taruna Room, Public Work Department was attended by speakers from different organizations such as Environmental Study Program of Indonesia University, DAAI TV, WASPOLA and Jaringan Air dan Sanitasi. In this discussion, various experiences in environmental sanitation campaign using the media were presented. Moreover, different point of views was also presented by the mass media that was involved in environmental sanitation campaign. As acknowledged by Irena Pretika from DAAI TV, there is a big challenge that was faced by the mass media, which is lack of materials of environmental sanitation activities. This condition is also worsened by the minimum knowledge regarding environment from the journalist part, thus prolonged production time. "This problem can be solved by establishing cooperation between media and the sources of the main information, making it possible for effective collaboration," she said.

Other than mass media, there are other media that can be quite productive, namely media group or better known as public media. Public media is the media that is grew and developed accordingly with local community culture. This media has the communicative, thematic, horizontal, dialogic, and democratic nature so that the community is able to answer their own problems. In the presentation by Wiwit Heris from WASPOLA, multi-element participation especially community's is required to ensure effectivity and sustainability of WSES development. "Public media as alternative media can be used to express aspiration and at the same time encouraging public participation," she said. The use of mass and public media each has its advantages. Manfred Oepen from Jaringan Air dan Sanitasi (JAS) added, research has proven that combination of the use of mass media, public media, and interpersonal communication is the most effective. However, the use of multimedia (combination of mass media, public media and interpersonal communication) will only work when communication material is clear, persuasive and easy to remember. Other than that, the involved communication practitioner must have sufficient experience. To measure the effectivity of the media use, KAP research can be done. KAP research is used to measure Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices regarding critical behavior of a group of people and other group before and during media campaign. By Discussion of Environmental Sanitation Media and Campaign, it is expected that WSES stakeholders acquire information regarding media options that can be used in environmental sanitation campaign. Precise media selection could mean effective communication and public perception regarding WSES will be developed so that gradually, there will be changing in the community toward better behavior. DH

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Discussion of Government Regulation Input to Law No. 18 Year 2008 on Solid Waste Management
ith issuance of one law product, implementation cannot be done automatically. This law product can be followed and regulated by other lower law product as implementation guidance. So is the case when Law No. 18 Year 2008 on Solid Waste Management is legalized on last May 9th 2008, it must wait for governmental regulation (PP) and local regulation (Perda) for technical implementation. Time period to issue PP as law implementation guidance is one year maximum. During the time of PP formulation, government conducts socialization of Solid Waste Law to all related parties, such as producers, local government, NGO, and public in general. Series of discussion regarding the above PP have been done several times to acquire inputs; including one that was held by Solid Waste Management Task Force (SWM-TF) which is also the member of Watsan Network on August 19th 2008 at Environmental Ministry Office (KNLH) Jakarta. Discussion of PP Draft Preparation Input to Law No. 18 Year 2008 on Solid Waste Management, was also attended Director of Housing and Settlement of BAPPENAS Budi Hidayat and Assistant to Deputy of Domestic Waste Pollution Control and USK of Environmental Ministry Tri Bangun Laksono Sony as well as discussion participants from different groups.

Important Point of EPR Budi Hidayat on his speech said that one of the important substances in the government regulation is extended producer responsibility (EPR). "This clause requires the party producing objects to manage the waste that will be generated as the effect of the object's use," he said.

Producers must be responsible for the overall life cycle of the product and/or packaging of their product.
In this concept, Budi continued, the mechanism of environmental recovery is completed by producers who generated the waste and producers are responsible to fund the overall solid waste management process from its production. "All rules must be well regulated in the onprocess PP and Perda Drafts," he said. In parallel with that, Tri Bangun Laksono Sony described EPR strategy; producers must be responsible on the overall life cycle of the product and/or packaging of their product. "This means the company who sells and/or imported the product and packaging with potencies of generating waste is obligated to responsible, financially or physically on the product and/or packaging which using period is over," he explained. Related Verses Verse 14 and 15 of Law No 18 Year

2008, firmly mandated the role and responsibility of the producer in solid waste management. Both verses have become legal basis for the Government to demand role and responsibility of producers in the effort of reducing and managing the solid waste. Sony said that in nearby time, he will invite 200 producers of instant noodle to socialize the above verses. Because according to him, many businessmen have applied 3R principles, but it becomes the responsibility of the consumer. "Some companies have even applied CSR (corporate social responsibility) on environmental sector but continue to produce items with non-environmentalfriendly packaging. It is no use. That is not what the Law is about," confirmed Sony. According to Sony, the purpose of Solid Waste Management Law is paradigm change through behavior change in long-term. "Waste separation is part of behavior changes that may happen in the next 10 to 15 years," he said. The result of this workshop by SMWTF-Watsan Network is then rallied to the Environmental Ministry as input materials for PP formulation. It was estimated that by the end of December 2008, complete draft of this PP must be completed to be latter harmonized in the Law and Human Right Departments, and then during the next month it will be processed in the National Secretariat to be discussed in the DPR. BW

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PROAIR ROUNDABOUT

Proair Water Runs in Sumba

aria Sulipadaka (35 years old), member of Welonda Village, Wewewa Barat Kecamatan, Sumba Barat Daya Kabupaten, Nusa Tenggara Timur is no longer has to bled for going up and down the hill to reach Watulonda spring located approximately two kilometers away just to meet her family's basic need. An old carriage is left sitting beside her house, a silent witness of how hard it was for the family to get clean water. A water tap is installed in front of her house. "We are so happy because we are no longer have to walk far pulling the carriage full of water containers," reminisce Maria, the mother of four to Percik. The same case happened to Ambukaha (16 years old). Before water tap is built near her house, girl of Waiholo Village, Kodi Utara Kecamatan, Sumba Barat Daya had to walk eight kilometers everyday to Wailoko spring. Women and children are the backbone of their family in getting access to the water supply. They have to let their productive time to be cut down for having to walk kilometers away to the spring. Now, they deserve to be happy. Happiness of Maria and Ambukaha is also felt by thousand of people in three kabupatens of NTT Province, namely Sumba Barat Daya, Sumba Timur, and Timor Tengah Selatan. All thanks to water supply provision through community empowerment approach on cooperation between the Government of Indonesia and Germany Federal Government through KFW and GTZ. Sustainability of the Program Directorate General of Disease Control and Environmental Sanitation (PP and PL) of the Health Department I

Women and children are getting water from the nearest water taps. Pic: Bowo Leksono

Nyoman Kandun said that the most important thing after construction and utilization of water supply access is commitment of the community and local government. "The aid from the German Government will not always available, hence, community independency and government support through APBD are required," he said during Field Visit of ProAir Program in Sumba Barat Daya and Sumba Timur Kabupatens. Field visit is done to several programreceiver villages on 27-30 July 2008. Other than Directorate General of PP and PL, the mission from central, followed by the member of Commision IX Charles J. Mesang, Director of Environmental Sanitation Wan Alkadri, Kasubdit of Water Sanitation of the Health Department Zainal I. Nampira, Kasubdit of Solid Waste and Drainage of Bappenas

Oswar Mungkasa, Executive Secretary of ProAir Deni Mulyana, representative from the Provincial Government, and representative of KFW and GTZ. KFW representative, Bjorn Ties said that there are many people in the villages who already enjoy clean water from their own hard work. "This is the opportunity to increase the role of the community and local government, with the hope that, in the next 20 years, those water supply facilities are still working," he said. By providing water to the people in the entire ProAir program area at NTT, gravitational system is applied, thus, the reservoir is located in the higher land. Meanwhile, springs in the forest require conservation in the future. Spring in Sumba Barat Daya Sumba Barat Daya Kabupaten is

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extension from Sumba Barat. One of the main problems of this new kabupaten and other kabupatens at NTT area is lack of community's access to the water supply. From 241 thousand people, approximately 14 percent or 27 thousand people have received benefit from the ProAir Program. Visits are not only limited to water taps along the road, but also to the upstream part or the spring. In the field, facts of network or water taps damage are found beside the fact that people are using the water largely to water their vegetable plants causing some people to not being able to receive water maximally. According to the ProAir District Coordinator, Petrus, network damage is still under responsibility of contractor and will be followed up in the next six months. "While those who use the water for their vegetable plants represents unique problem because they have ignored the limit of 40 liter per person per day," he said. In this new kabupaten, the mission visited three reservoirs and three springs at Welonda Village, Wewewa Barat Kecamatan, Waiholo Village, Kodi Utara Kecamatan, and Pala Village, Wewewa Utara Kecamatan. Mission also has a chance to talk to the people in order to get input from the community with regard to the program. Responding to the statement of KFW representative regarding active role of the people and local government, Official of Sumba Barat Daya Bupati Emanuel B. Eha said that his part together with DPRD is committed to assist the people with regard to the budget requirement and sustainability of water supply need for the people. "As a new kabupaten, we also require assistance and support from all parties," he said. Although the mission was not visited the villages of Sumba Barat area, it was entertained by Sumba Barat Daya Bupati Julanus Pateleba. Nevertheless, the villages of Sumba Barat Daya Kabupaten in

A woman is getting the water from a tap nearby her house at Laindeha Village, Pandawai Kecamatan, Sumba Timur Kabupaten. Pic: Bowo Leksono

The present of clean water in the houses of the people is able to improve the quality of health. Awareness on the health is also improved, proven by Water Supply Facility Group (SAB) Nduma Luri of Laindeha Village who conducted toilet arisan.
the early ProAir program was under the responsibility of Sumba Barat Kabupaten. Water Runs in Savannah Grass Field The wind was not able to lessen the heat of the sun in Sumba Timur earth. Especially because it was the dry season, where the vast grass looks brown which means there is no more rain to moist the earth. Who would have thought that in the dry high land, ProAir water presents to meet the need of the people of Laindeha Village, Pandawai Kecamatan, Sumba

Timur Kabupaten. The people, although could have taken the water from the closest spring, could enjoy the water that have been provided nearer. The present of clean water in the houses of the people is able to improve the quality of health. Awareness on the health is also improved, proven by Water Supply Facility Group (SAB) Nduma Luri of Laindeha Village who conducted toilet arisan. Every month Rp 400 thousand is collected from eight families who each provided Rp 50 thousand. Every 30th day of the month, one family has a right to receive money for toilet development. "We build toilets collectively," said Maria Harabih (33 years old) who admits that before toilet is built, she defecated on the grass. Vice Bupati of Sumba Timur Gidion Mbilijora acknowledged the ProAir program model in meeting the basic need of the people. "Although operational and maintenance is completely done by the community, we will not stand still when the people need the help of the local government," he promised.

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PROAIR ROUNDABOUT

Directorate General of PP and PL of the Health Department Dr. I Nyoman Kandun, MPH

"Water is the Basis of PHBS"

e didn't stop at the reservoir, a first echelon official continued to walk the slippery footpath, with cliff on his right side, to the upstream. "I'm ashamed with the village people if I couldn't walk all the way to the spring. Here, people whose age is older than I am climb up and down the path everyday to get the water," said Directorate General of Disease Control and Environmental Sanitation (PP and PL) of the Health Department, I Nyoman Kandun during field visit of ProAir program at Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, 27-30 July 2008. Three springs location of Sumba Barat Daya Kabupaten at Welonda Village, Wewewa Barat Kecamatan, Waiholo Village, Kodi Utara Kecamatan, and Pala Village, Wewewa Utara Kecamatan are all included in the field visit of the 60 years old Directorate General. Together with group from the Central Government, Local Government, NGO, and donor country Germany Federal Government, Nyoman also met and talk with the community. He provided information and exchange thoughts regarding the importance of clean water for everyday life. Earth, said Nyoman, is liveable because of the existence of water and oxygen. Water is not everything but without it everything is nothing. "We can survive for three days without food, but we won't survive three days without drink," said the official who soon retired before more than 10 people.

Infectious Capacity The wise saying of 'clean is the root of health' (bersih pangkal sehat) is never gets old. Nyoman said that clean water is more than just the need of food and drink, it is also the need of health, such as cleaning the body and hand washing with soap (CTPS). Unhealthy water or dirty water, Nyoman said, is the cause of various infectious diseases such as diarrhea and

uting toilets to the people. "Just like a fair, after it's done, everything was disbanded. Or just like Santa Claus who easily distribute gifts without sense of ownership on those who received the gifts," said this father of two girls. Community Empowerment Approach It is no longer appropriate nowadays to build access to community's basic needs with Santa Claus pattern. "The good approach is by empowering people. All from planning, constructing, managing, and maintaining are handled by the community. Let the community processed, government only facilitates," said Nyoman. Nyoman gave example; ProAir is one of the programs that was implemented by bottom up system which gave vast opportunity for the people. "Here in Sumba, springs are existed, and how to deliver the water to the people is up to the people," said the Directorate General who loves to exercise. Nyoman said, in maintaining the health of the environment, don't start from the downstream, which means how to cure the infectious diseased, but start directly at the upstream, such as access availability to the clean water for the families. "I ask the people to please optimize the WSES Working Group that has been established to also guide and consort the people in acquiring access to the water supply and environmental health," said the man who has a hobby of playing harmonica. BL

Dr. I Nyoman Kandun, MPH. Pic: Bowo Leksono

malaria. "Water has high infectious capacity, thus, water becomes the basis of clean and healthy lifestyle," said graduate of Gajah Mada University. On many occasions, Nyoman often talked about Presidential Instruction (Inpres) No 5 Year 1974 on SAMIJAGA (water supply facilities and family toilet). He was the one who have been appointed to carry out the Inpres when cholera KLB epidemic broke out at Jambi, to be precise along the Batanghari River for seven years. During Orde Baru period, Nyoman said, inpres was implemented by distrib-

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WSES ROUNDABOUT

Discussion of Access to Clean Water for Poor People

here are 1001 problems of short-lived. "Other than that, water supply in Indonesia, poor people have not become the according to Jim attention yet, aside than limited Woodcock, a water and sanitation community involvedness. A gap consultant from the World Bank. between regulation and field He has experiences in survey practices are shown," he said. design project and best practices Since June 2003, add Oswar, of water supply access for poor the government has issued people in Indonesia and South National Policy of Community East Asia. Led Water Supply and Jim said, if poor people can Environmental Sanitation. "The easily access the clean water in the core of the policy is providing form of house connection from focus on active community PDAM, they will be able to save up involvedness in the overall Media Discussion "Access to Clean Water for Poor People", June 18th to 12 percent of their earning. process of WSES development, 2008, at Jakarta, initiated by USAID/Environmental Services Program "Welfare will surely improve, providing attention to the poor (ESP) in cooperation with TEMPO Media Group. Pic: Bowo Leksono therefore, house connection is just people, and put forward envilike a property," he said during media disronment-oriented development," he said. Regulation of Water Supply Access cussion with the theme "Access to Clean From the government side, discussion Water for Poor People," Wednesday, A Breakthrough in Providing presented the Head of Sub Directorate of June 18th 2008, at Jakarta. Access to the Water Supply Solid Waste and Drainage, Directorate The panel discussion that presented The best practice in providing access Housing and Settlement of BAPPENAS six speakers was initiated by to the water supply for the people is given Oswar Mungkasa. He explained, water USAID/Environmental Service Program by PDAM Tirtanadi, Medan, North supply and sanitation are human basic (ESP) in cooperation with TEMPO Media Sumatera that applied Master Meter prorights in order to achieve qualify life as Group. Many things were revealed in the gram. The purpose of this program is to stated in the UN Mer del Plata Action discussion that was also presented Ex increase piping water supply access for Plan year 1977. MDG's ambassador for Asia and the the people in general. "Until date, PDAM On verse 5 of the Law No 7 year 2004 Pacific, Erna Witoelar. Tirtanadi covered up to nine kabupatens on Water Resources, it was clearly written According to Erna, access to clean of North Sumatera." that the Country guarantees the right of water and sanitation in the context of While East Java, to be precise everyone in acquiring water for their daily Millennium Development Goals was Sidoarjo Kabupaten, applied Micro Credit minimum basic needs in order to accomincluded in Obejctive 7 Target 2 that said system, which is a loan for low income plish healthy, clean, and productive life. 'proper access to water supply and sanitacommunity who cannot afford to pay in The fact is, said Oswar, only 58 pertion', with regard to other MDGs targets cash for PDAM pipe installation. "The cent of the Indonesian people acquire and objectives. She underlined that comprogram represents the result of cooperaproper water. "Meanwhile there are munity do not only need water supply tion between ESP and the bank such as approximately 100 million people in access but also the inseparable sanitation. BRI and Bank Jatim,"said Micro Credit Indonesia are without access to proper Furthermore, Erna assessed policies Specialist of ESP Gusril Bahar. water," he said. in water supply and basic sanitation secAccording to Widi Prayitno, the comAccording to Oswar, so far, the focus tors are not yet optimized as to reach the munity who used micro credit, with this of water supply and sanitation developpoor and remote regions. "An approach system, can save family budget. "Beside ments are mainly on providing facilities that is not always bureaucratic is the comfort of living in the house with and not service, thus many facilities are required," she said. healthy lifestyle," he said. BW

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WSES ROUNDABOUT

WASH Cluster
Reviewing Disaster Emergency Respond Activity on WSES Aspect in Indonesia
Cluster Approach It is a common knowledge that Indonesia is an archipelago country with very high natural disaster potency. With the high frequency of natural disaster in Indonesia, disasters respond activity predisaster, during the disaster, or post-disaster become essential to be done in Indonesia. Government and local government have come to realized more with regard to the condition, thus disaster respond activity is now become more essential and integrated to the general development of the area, especially for several high disaster potency areas in Indonesia. In order to provide support for the Government of Indonesia in natural disaster respond, the United Nation Office for the Coordination of the Humanitarian Affairs (UN-OCHA), a UN organization with the role of coordination forum for humanitarian activities, taking steps by establishing 10 cluster units in Indonesia. The tenth clusters are specifically function as coordination forum for all stakeholders who work in various sectors of disaster emergency respond in Indonesia. This cluster establishment was initiated by UN-OCHA for emergency respond during earthquake at Yogyakarta Province on 2005. Until date, the cluster that comprises of foreign NGOs and UN organizations is still exist and getting stronger, and became an important part of disaster emergency respond everywhere in Indonesia. Lets say when flood and landslide occur in some areas of Indonesia, or when earthquake on the

During disaster emergency respond, humanitarian help will be most welcome. Pic: Special

plate region of the west coastal area of Sumatera Island, and during Diarrhea Extra Ordinary Event (KLB) in different regions of Papua, each member of each cluster is working to respond the disaster under UN-OCHA coordination. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Cluster From the tenth clusters, one of them is the cluster that worked in emergency respond on water supply and environmental sanitation (WSES) sectors. Currently, the cluster is better known as WASH Cluster. Such as the other nine

clusters, WASH Cluster's members comprise of foreign NGOs and UN organizations that worked in the WSES sectors, while UNICEF has the role as coordinator of this cluster. During disaster emergency respond, every member of the WASH Cluster has a role to provide water supply and basic sanitation, and promote health for the exposed community. All activities are obviously using the concept of disaster emergency respond. Through water supply and basic sanitation provision, WASH Cluster is purposed to avoid spreading of water and

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WSES ROUNDABOUT

sanitation related disease, and moreover to improve welfare and restore psychological condition of the exposed community. In the past two years, WASH Cluster continued to have active role in providing water supply and basic sanitation and health promotion for the disaster victims in different parts of Indonesia. Through disaster emergency respond approach, each member builds different types of water supply and sanitation facilities that are generally mass and temporary for the people who have lost access to the water supply and sanitation as the impact of the disaster. This is done in consideration that water supply and sanitation provision is mostly done in evacuation areas or temporary settlements for the victims of disaster. To better understand, if we see water reservoirs in evacuation barracks, or public toilets facilities in tents of the disaster victims, and water trucks running back and forth in post-disaster area, it is part of the emergency respond activities that have been done by WASH Cluster. Emergency Respond in WSES Sectors In the period of two years post WASH Cluster establishment in Indonesia, the need of disaster emergency respond in Indonesia is increased linearly with the occurrence of disasters in Indonesia. All disasters from the smallest one until the large and national one require recovery in WSES aspects. The current condition in the field shows that disaster emergency respond activity that have been done by WASH Cluster are still sporadic, separated from one another, and not using the same approach, and also without quality standards that have been agreed together. Although currently there is an official

standard document of WSES provision during disaster called SPHERE Project Standard, not all members of the cluster referred to the standard and there are also different perceptions. It was also felt by every member of the WASH Cluster that with the higher frequency of disaster emergency responds implementation, a Grand Strategy is required. The overall Strategy that can be used as implementation guide for disaster emergency responds in the WSES sector. Therefore, in the year 2007 these thoughts are focused on a will to compile a WASH Cluster Contingency Plan that includes all aspects that requires attention in implementing emergency respond activity in WSES sector on the exposed areas or areas with high potency of disaster in Indonesia.

In the period of two years post WASH Cluster establishment in Indonesia, the need of disaster emergency respond in Indonesia is increased
Compilation of Contingency Plan of the WASH Cluster Based on the definition that was presented by representative of the UN-OCHA, Contingency Plan can be defined as a planning document that includes clear purpose, comprehensive strategy, policy, procedure, and articulation of critical actions that must be done to respond disaster. In practical, Contingency Plan represents an overall plan on disaster emergency respond aspects of every sector. WASH cluster itself is currently in the process of compiling Contingency Plan that specifically discusses disaster emer-

gency respond activities in the WSES sector. On January 2008, UN-OCHA has opened an initial point of discussion to compile Contingency Plan for all clusters in Indonesia. For WASH cluster itself, Contingency Plan compilation is formally started on May 2008. All members of the WASH Cluster and also stakeholders of the WSES sector have met at Yogyakarta to discuss compilation of the WASH Cluster Contingency Plan. In more details, draft of Indonesia's WASH Cluster Contingency Plan accommodates problems regarding implementation steps of the emergency respond that must be done, problems regarding coordination and involvedness of government elements, linkage between emergency respond implementation with the other 9 clusters, up to development plan of the WASH Cluster itself. It is the hope of every member of WASH Cluster that the Contingency Plan can be the reference that can be used on emergency respond of the WSES sector, which until date have not yet comprehensive. This is important considering the disaster emergency respond in this country have been a routine activity along with the high frequency of natural disaster in different areas. Statistically, in the year 2007, there were 221 natural events that can be categorized as minor or major disaster, including 196 earthquakes. With such condition, it is appropriate for Indonesia to be known as the Paradise of Disaster. Therefore, high frequency routine emergency respond must be done, and WASH Cluster Contingency Plan is the guide to optimize implementation of the emergency respond of WSES sector in Indonesia. Let's see the next action of the WASH Cluster. WYU

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WSES ROUNDABOUT

Chat with Mrs Health Minister (B4M) WSES Sector becomes the Biggest Homework

ater supply and sanitation is Working Group Oswar Mungkasa, Vice and working together with different the biggest homework that Bupati of Sambas Kabupaten, West stakeholders in providing information must be solved. The problem Kalimantan Juliarti DJ, Head of Lembak regarding the WSES and CLTS program. cannot be solved by only one party or one Puskesmas, Muara Enim Kabupaten, Meanwhile, Juliarti DJ and P. department. It must be managed by cross South Sumatera P. Agustine Siahaan and Agustine Siahaan informed the particidepartments in synergy with community few other speakers. pants of the success in behavior changes and other stakeholders. On this occasion, Oswar Mungkasa of the community in their areas of duty. This was revealed during the producintroduced the WSES Working Group The success cannot be separated from the tion of a television program Chat with that represents cross departments forum Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Mrs Health Minister (B4M), program, where Kabupatens Wednesday, July 16th 2008, of Muara Enim and Sambas at a studio in Jakarta. The are the first that applied the program is one of the efforts CLTS. in providing information On this occasion, the regarding the heath developHealth Minister Siti Fadillah ment and policy in the health Supari affirmed the success in sector, through the Center of water supply and sanitation Public Communication of the sector toward clean and Health Department. healthy lifestyle. "Without The talk show that raised community awareness in the topic of "Sanitation and changing the thinking patClean and Healthy Lifestyle tern, it impossible to realize (PHBS)" presented speakers clean and healthy lifestyle," among others are she said. BW The taking for television program of Chat with Mrs Health Minister (B4M). Coordinator of the WSES Pic: Bowo Leksono

Sambas Kabupaten Feels that it is Important to Apply CLTS

hen the Provincial Government of West Kalimantan several times held the training of Community Led Total Sanitation, Sambas Kabupaten was the kabupaten that have never been invited to the training. However, without taking heed to the invitation, Local Government of Sambas Kabupaten still sent representatives to attend the training. "We feel that the CLTS training is very important for our kabupaten, thus we always attend the trainings," reminisce the Vice Bupati of Sambas Kabupaten, West Kalimantan Province Juliarti DJ to Percik during interview in between the taking of television program Chat With Mrs Health Minister (B4M). Chosen as one of the example kabupatens of CLTS application in the year 2005 is an honor for Sambas Kabupaten. Until finally, the kabupaten is able to reduce the numbers of patient which means that community is starting to aware of Clean and Healthy Lifestyle (PHBS). CLTS implementation was initiated by major destruction of the

toilets along the side of the Segaro River in Sambas, better known as 'helicopter toilets'. More than 500 toilets along five kilometers of the river side that crosses three villages instantly disappeared from the sight. Where do people go to defecate? "They built toilets with their own capacity. Until date, there are over 3.600 toilets have been built by the people that are scattered in five kecamatans," said Juliarti. The success of the people of Sambas Kabupaten 'encourage' the government to give reward, in the form of financial aid to 183 villages in the amount of Rp 2 million to Rp 10 million allocated from the APBD for the implementation of Aware Village (Desa Siaga) program, including provision of water supply and sanitation access. "This year, Sambas Kabupaten is able to free itself from the title of underdeveloped kabupaten," said the ex of Head of Health Agency of Sambas Kabupaten proudly.

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WSES ROUNDABOUT

MURI for CTPS Practice in Tangerang

While the Head of the Head Agency of Tangerang Kabupaten Hani Herianto said that the numbers of patient at Tangerang Kabupaten is 22.362 or 45 percent of the disease events. "The reason for the large numbers of patient is the minimum access to clean water and minimum community awareness on clean and healthy lifestyle (PHBS)," he said. The Peak of CTPS Campaign As we all know, Sepatan is a kecamatan at Tangerang Kabupaten that almost every year faced extra ordinary event (KLB) of diarrhea disease that mostly suffered by children. For that reason, community awareness for clean and healthy lifestyle (PHBS) is crucial by continually campaigning PHBS. The campaign has initiated since February to June 2008. While the peak event was mass practice of CTPS which latter on acknowledge by MURI. Director of Environmental Sanitation of the Health Department Wan Alkadri said that CTPS is a good and basic movement in PHBS. "It may seem simple, but CTPS could prevent different diseases," he said. Clean and healthy lifestyle according to Wan Alkadri is personal, family, and public needs. "All can be done if every party can manage a good cooperation," he said. BW

Tangerang Bupati Ismet Iskandar receives MURI award regarding the largest CTPS practice that was followed by 3.000 participants. Pic: Bowo Leksono

pproximately 3.000 people gathered at the field of Sepatan Kecamatan, Tangerang Kabupaten. They weren't there to watch soccer or other sport. The people of Tangerang who are mostly elementary school students, together practiced hand washing with soap (CTPS), on Sunday, August 3rd 2008. Although the participants were only half of the targeted participants of 7.500 people consist of 3.000 elementary school students and 4.500 people from 34 elementary schools, 43 villages in 10 kecamatans at the northern coast of Tangerang Kabupaten, Record Museum of Republic of Indonesia (MURI) still recorded the unique event in the health sector. The event that was initiated by the Health Agency of Tangerang Kabupaten, CARE International Indonesia together with USAID was also presented by Tangerang Bupati Ismet Iskandar, the Head of Health Agency Hani Herianto, Director of Environmental Sanitation of

the Health Department Wan Alkadri, representatives of the donor countries and delegate from the government of Vietnam and Laos who happened to visit Indonesia. Bupati Ismet Iskandar affirmed that the people of Tangerang have not yet practice CTPS properly, thus the campaign must be continued. "I put great appreciation and hope for the health degree of the Tangerang people," he said.

Mother Taught Me

ohammad Fahrul Rozi, a four grade student of SDN 3 Sepatan seems happy playing with his friends after practicing hand washing with soap together. Fahrul came with his mother who often reminds him to wash his hand with soap at home. "I'm used to wash hands because my mother taught me how," he said showing where his

mother is at. Fahrul also promised to tell this experience to his friends, relatives, and other people. Only 20 seconds required for clean and healthy life, by CTPS. Proper CTPS everyday will be able to prevent disease. Therefore, let's wash hands with soap everyday to maintain the quality of the family.

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PROGRAM

Micro Credit for Water Supply

he low coverage of water supply network is caused by inefficient operation and improper investment for new water infrastructure. The party who expand the water supply service, which is PDAM, does not guarantee water supply access improvement for households, especially the ones with low income. There are fees for new house connections that must be paid in front that cannot be afford by most families. With the fee up to Rp 1 tp 2 million, we can see why. As the result, although access to the water network is available, many families cannot afford to connect to the network. Cooperation between PDAM and ESP To reduce the cost of new house connection, Environmental Service Program (ESP) in cooperation with domestic banks and PDAM created a scheme of micro credit that can provide small loan to the customer candidates who wants to have house connection but cannot afford to pay the fee all at once. According to the Municipal Finance Specialist of ESP Gusril Bahar, micro credit for water supply is currently a small scale alternative funding scheme that prioritizes banking technical feasibility selection for the receiver candidates. "Prior, technical feasibility of PDAM will be done that consists of capacity, quality, and continuity to provide water connection to the customer candidate/debtors," said Gusril to Percik. After the scheme of micro credit existed between PDAM and the bank, add Gusril, customer candidate can receive the loan between Rp 400 thousand up to Rp 3 million for the loan period of two years maximum. Micro Credit Process Gusril explained the initial step by

conducting Micro Credit Main Agreement between PDAM and branch office of the local bank. "The agreement regulates guidance of micro credit process, including responsibility of each party," he said. As soon as the guidance is established, add Gusril, ESP holds internal training and PDAM opened an account in the partner bank. "Then the customer candidates can start to apply for small loan to pay for the connection," he explained. The Result that has been Achieved Until mid 2008, ESP has facilitated micro credit program establishment for new connection in 10 PDAMs in Java

Island, such as PDAM Kota Surabaya, PDAM Kabupaten Sidoarjo, PDAM Kota Malang, PDAM Kabupaten Malang, PDAM Kota Sukabumi, PDAM Kabupaten Subang, PDAM Kota Bogor, PDAM Kabupaten Sukabumi, and PDAM Kabupaten Bandung. Micro Credit Program that has been developed by ESP for PDAM water supply customer candidates has existed since May 2006 and will continue to exist until the end of ESP project on September 2009. It was recorded, Kota Sidoarjo and Surabaya have the most success in utilizing micro credit to fund new connection due to their flexible approach.

Widi Prayitno,
Member of Jenggolo Asri Settlement, Sidoarjo

ow did you manage to get the Micro Credit Program? On late 2006, we applied for new water connection to PDAM, however, PDAM couldn't approve our request due to the fact that there are no distribution pipe network. We were then offered the program and we offered it to other people. They were responding enthusiastically. Only in three months, PDAM water has run in our houses.

The people of Jenggolo Asri Settlement, Sidoarjo, East Java enjoying PDAM water thanks to the Micro Credit Program. Pic: Special

How do you compare current condition with condition before PDAM water is installed? People pays monthly fee to PDAM between Rp 25 thousand up to Rp 70 thousand every month. This is considered to be cheap compare to the electric bill when we were still using the water pump.

What are the advantages? People can start to apply healthy lifestyle by taking baths two to three times a day. Household's appliance and the bathroom no longer have yellowish color. Maintenance cost is decreased thus family budget can also be saved. The house feels more comfortable to live in.

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I AT P I C L I N I C
Percik Magazine in cooperation with Ikatan Ahli Teknik Penyehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, opens the Clinic column. This column contains question and answer regarding water supply and environmental sanitation.

Questions can be sent through Percik Magazine editor. Contributor: Sandhi Eko Bramono (Sandhieb@yahoo.com), Lina Damayanti (Ldamayanti@yahoo.com)

Floc Quality
Question I am one of the operators at Water Supply Treatment Installation at Kebumen, Central Java. More often than not I found less dense floc quality that made it difficult to be sediment in the sedimentation tank. I have tried to found out and I read that adding Ca(ClO)2 together with coagulant can improve floc quality. Is this true?
(Buyung, Kebumen)

By: Sandhi Eko Bramono, S.T., MEnvEngSc*

Unaccounted for Water

Question I am one of the operators of Water Supply Treatment Installation in Gunung Sitoli, Nias, North Sumatera. I would like to know, how much is unaccounted for water that is allowed in a WTI (production unit)?
(Rajagukguk, Gunung Sitoli)

Answer Adding Ca(ClO)2 together with coagulation process can increase floc quality. This is due to the potencial difference increment between particles in water and coagulant that was added, thus particles are easier to be destablelized and formed stronger floc bond. By stronger and denser floc bond, performance of the sedimentation tank will improve. Other than that, adding Ca(ClO)2 at the early stage, or better known as pre-chlorination, will prolong the age of filter media, because there will be washing of filter media sands by Ca(ClO)2, especially in removing biofilm or moss that may grow between filter media sands, thus filter media replacement can be done less often. However, pre-chlorination may also cause formation of Tri Halo Methane (THM) compound that has potential to be carcinogenic compound (cancer-triggered compound), if the chlorine in the Ca(ClO)2 reacted with the organic compound in the water. Therefore, pre-chlorination is not suitable to be applied on raw water with high organic compound. THM can be removed by adsorption process using Granular Activated Carbon (GAC).

Answer Unaccounted for water on the production unit of the water supply treatment installation is 5 percent, which consists of 3 percent on the sedimentation unit and 2 percent on the filtration unit. The sedimentation unit gave unaccounted for water due to the sludge removal in sedimentation, while filtration unit gave unaccounted for water due to the filter washing process. Unaccounted for water above 5 percent in the production unit means that the installation is categorized as water extravagant.

Reducing unaccounted for water on the sedimentation unit can be done by improving performance of coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation units to ensure that the flocs are really dense and can be well removed. This will cause high total solid concentration in the sedimentation sludge. Reducing unaccounted for water on the filtration unit can be done by reducing time to wash the filter or washing the filter with lower head, because good filter should not have sediment floc in high concentration. This can be done by improving performance of the sedimentation unit until 95 percent or more floc is removed in the sedimentation unit and floc sediment in the filtration unit should be minimum. This will reduce the work of filtration unit, improving filter age, reducing power for filter washing, reducing water requirement for filter washing, and finally reducing unaccounted for water in the filtration unit.
*) contributor is PhD candidate in the Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Contact: sandhieb@yahoo.com
Pic.: Special

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CD INFO

11 National Policies of WSES

"C
risis rules Indonesia." That is the sentence that started a video clip regarding 11 National Policies of WSES Development in Indonesia. What kind of crisis that actually occurs in Indonesia? More than 100 million people in Indonesia that scattered in 30 thousand villages do not have access to water supply and live in an unhealthy environment. Based on the review study result of WSES funding year 20032005, the budget for WSES development only represents 0.01 percent to 1.37 percent of the APBD; which means, water supply and basic sanitation sectors have not become the attention of lots of people. Real depiction of water supply and environmental sanitation crisis that not only happened in Indonesia is wrapped in breaking news to make it easier to communicate 11 policies through audiovisual media. Desi Anwar and Happy Salma, two public figures who acted as presenter and deliverer of special report in this video regarding implementation of 11 National Policies of community led WSES development. The video that was produced by WASPOLA and National WSES Working Group presented six Governors of Indonesia who described application of the 11 policies. They are Governor of Banten Ratu Province Atut Chosiyah, Governor of West Sumatra Province Gumawan Fauzi, Vice Governor of NTT Province Frans S. Leburaya, Bupati TTS D.A Banunaek, Bupati of Kebumen Kabupaten Rustriningsih, and Bupati of Solok Kabupaten H. Gusmal. The video with 30 minutes duration that becomes advocacy media of WSES policies is available at Library of National WSES Working Group Secretariat, Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta.

My Water My Life
public media training. The training, was summarized in a video that was produced by WASPOLA with Studio Audio Visual PUSKAT Yogyakarta. The training that was focused at Poncowarno Kecamatan involved various elements of community; from village to kabupaten officials, PKK women, NGO, journalists of printed and electronic media. They gathered to learn together how to build involvement of all parties through good communication so that WSES problems can be solved together. Local government, community, and all parties must be involved in water supply development of the village. With the guidance of facilitators, the training participants dug potencies around them. As the result, different public media such as community stories, comics, radio and television program. "In the end, we realized our potencies and ability to solve WSES problems, because from the training we know how to participate," said Wahyuti after the training. The video with 15 minutes duration is quite interesting as learning example for the people in other areas in digging local potencies in relation with WSES development socialization. It is available at Library of National WSES Working Group Secretariat, Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta. BW

fter done cleaning the house, Wahyuti, a housewife, hurried to the district hall. That morning, she was so excited to join Public Media Training in term of Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation (WSES) Socialization at Poncowarno Kecamatan, Kebumen Kabupaten, Central Java. The four days training from 3-6 March 2008 was held by WASPOLA, National WSES Working Group, Local WSES Working Group, with the support of Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) and AusAID. The training was held to support program implementation of 27 villages that will receive WSES assistance at Kebumen Kabupaten on the year 2008-2009. "I want to do something for the people by participating in water supply provision in my village," whisper Wahyuti accompanying her excitement to join

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BOOK INFO

TEN YEARS OF LEAKS AT PAM JAYA

Title TEN YEARS COOPERATION BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE ON WATER SUPPLY SERVICE OF PAM DKI JAYA 1998-2008 Writers: Achmad Lanti and friends Publisher: Regulatory Board of Water Supply Service (BR-PAM), Jakarta 2008 Thickness: 160 pages cent. During 10 years cooperation with operator partner PT Pam Lyonnaise Jaya (PALYJA) only able to reduce 13 percent out of 57 percent level of unaccounted for water. Not to mention the debt problems that tends to increase. These debts in the end will be the burden of the customer. Hopefully the book that is available at the WSES Working Group Library can help to overcome water supply management problems and can be used as learning material for other PDAMs in Indonesia.

lmost all performances and services of PDAM in Indonesia often being protested by their customers. It was understandable, because water is basic need that is more important than fuel. People may live without fuel, but without water? Recently, a book with the title of "Ten Years Government-Private Cooperation on Water Service of PAM DKI Jakarta 1998-2008" was published. The 160 pages book was written together by several writers summarizing experiences in water supply service in DKI Jakarta through cooperation pattern between local government and private. It was said in the book that was published by Regulatory Board of PAM Jaya that Government-Private Cooperation (KPS) of water supply at DKI Jakarta was

established based on ambiguous foundation. The cooperation was hardly said to be fair, either for community, PAM, private partner, even for provincial government. Some said that KPS experience is a bitter teacher, where government-private partnership that should work on normal norms became political, abnormal norms, etc. This abnormal assessment was made on analysis of low quality service, especially after PAM Jaya worked together with the private partner that supposed to be able to deliver professional assignments. Imagine this, the level of unaccounted for water in water supply service for the people of DKI Jakarta that is managed by PAM Jaya reached the number 44 per-

Movement to Manage the Solid Waste

ovement of managing solid waste has been long felt by the people, especially those who live in the city. Then why does solid waste still become unending ghost? Still, the classic problems haunt it. Other than limited understanding of solid waste management, community behavior awareness is still lacking, added by the weak regulation. Recently, Law No 18 Year 2008 on Solid Waste Management has been in practice. It is true that the Law will have the power required to guide community in improving health and environmental quality and making solid waste as a resource. With time, community awareness regarding the importance of solid waste management will continue to be tested. There are plenty of people who have

PHENOMENA OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT MOVEMENT

Writer: Bagong Sunyoto Publisher: PT Prima Infosarana Media, Jakarta 2008 Thickness: 134 pages

Title

aware to manage solid waste but still in the level of hobby; which means, after they got bored with the hobby, it is not possible that they will leave it behind. Meanwhile, there are plenty of books that provide guidance for the people on basic understanding of solid waste management. One of them is the book who was written by Bagong Sunyoto. The book

that consists of 12 chapters and 134 pages is quite complete and interesting. This book represents review of best practices from various stakeholders in different part of Indonesia and abroad who are successfully manage solid waste with 3R principles of reduce, reuse, and recycle, in the scales of household, community, settlement/kelurahan, urban, and landfill area. Different approaches, models, strategies, solid waste management and treatment designs that were presented with popular, total and applicable style. The book that became collection of the WSES Working Group Library was published in respond to the Solid Waste Law in Indonesia. Thus, it is important to be one of the references and guidance for everyone. BW

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SITE INFO

Water Supplier
http://www.dfid.gov.uk

in different sectors, especially environment.

epartment for International Development (DFID) is a donor agency that is part of the British Kingdom who specified in helping developing countries in reducing poverty. The donor agency is also active to be donor for water supply provision in developing countries. DFID is currently having 64 offices that scattered all over the world. One of DFID strategies in reducing poverty is by providing clean water. The fact that was quoted in this site is that as many as one billion people in this world are without drinking water and more than two times that number are without proper sanitation. Therefore, in order to

ization with the research focus on environment, urban and community sectors. GDRC is trying to bridge issues and topics of its focus to be under one umbrella issue because those topics are cross-discipline topics. Therefore, this site becomes the place of information and knowledge exchange of professionals who work in the sector. There are many research results, especially on community level regarding water supply and environmental sanitation that can be accessed through this site.

achieve the purpose, the agency has set the vision as agency that will be the main motor in the world in providing water for everyone in the year 2015. By visiting the site, we can acquire information regarding what kind of projects that have been funded by DFID, and development journals as well as international agendas that discuss the development issues.

The unique thing is, Matoa is more than just an event organizer that only limited in products of graphical design and merchandise. The interesting thing is that when working with Matoa as environmental communication consultant we will get the following extra services: Acquiring support of consultation and consortia prior, during, and after production process or activity priod. Acquiring experience in the environmental communication sector together with Matoa. Product or activity that was made by using their service and published on Matoa site and other media. Become part of the campaign work of Matoa. Matoa focuses more on communication aspect in environmental campaign program because according to Matoa, the success key of the environmental program is communication. Good environmental communication is communication that can achieve support from the people.

Gender and Food Security

http://www.fao.org/gender/en/enve.htm his site is basically represents part of the UN FAO site. One of the reasons why this environmental site is being developed is because environment is a vital point in supporting food resilient. Through this site we can also find papers that studied linkage between gender and environmental sanitation. This site is developed since 1980 exactly after world women main conference at Nairobi, Kenya, where ever since the event it was realized that women and development, especially in environment is closely related. Through this site we can also find learning papers regarding development experiences that were categorized as success by including gender equality aspects as one of the important aspects in the development. WL

Helping Partner
http://www.matoa.org ATOA is an organization that works on communication service in order to assist Matoa partners (clients) regarding publication, promotion, implementing various activities, and campaign

Bridging Environmental Issues

http://www.gdrc.org

he Global Development Research Center (GDRC) is an internet organ-

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W S E S L I B R A RY
G U I D A N C E
COLLECTION OF TRAINING MODULES OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF COMMUNITY LED WATER SUPPLY SANI, TATION, AND SOLID WASTE FACILITIES Publisher: GTZ-BRR, 2008 GUIDANCE OF SELECTION AND WATER SUPPLY STATISTIC 2001-2005 Publisher: Statistical Center Board, Jakarta, 2006

STRINGING UP DIVERSITY: LEARNING RESULT OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT DRAFT OF LAW Publisher: KEHATI Foundation, Jakarta, 2007

IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE SANITATION SYSTEM FOR RECONSTRUCTION AT ACEH AND NIAS Publisher: Urban and Settlement Department NAD-BRR, 2007 MODULE OF COMMUNITY LED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT TRAINING Publisher: Environmental Services Program (ESP-USAID), 2008

R E P O R T
LET'S SPEAK UP MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS FOR THE ACHIEVEMENT IN INDONESIA Publisher: Bappenas, 2007 FINAL REPORT OF COMMUNITY PREFERENCE STUDY ON COMMUNITY LED WATER SUPPLY SERVICE MODEL DEVELOPMENT

R E G U L AT I O N
GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF INDONESIA REPUBLIC NO 38 YEAR 2008 ON CHANGES OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO 6 YEAR 2006 ON STATE/LOCAL ASSETS MANAGEMENT GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO 26 YEAR 2008 ON NATIONAL SPATIAL PLAN (RTRWN)

Publisher: Directorate of Housing and Settlement, Bappenas, 2007

MAGAZINE
Enviro Magz 2nd Edition, 2008 One World Bulletin 2nd Edition, April 2008 Cipta Karya Bulletin No 5, Year VI, April 2008 Drinking Water

B O O K
THE EARTH IS GETTING HOTTER: DON'T JUST COOL YOURSELF! Publisher: Environmental Ministry, Jakarta 2008 CLIMATE CHANGE, TIME TO MIGRATE Publisher: Regional Maluku, Center of

153rd Edition, May 2008 Orbit No 06 Year X Percik Junior 5th Edition, May 2008 PERCIK 23rd Edition, August 2008 Tekno Limbah Volume 8, Year 2008

Environmental and Papua,

Management of Sulawesi, Makassar 2008 , BECOME ENVIRONMENTALIST IS EASY! (A GUIDANCE FOR BEGINNER) Publisher: WALHI, Jakarta, 2007 ENVIRONMENTAL DIPLOMACY THEORY AND FACT , Publisher: UI Press, Jakarta, 2008

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Percik October 2008

AGENDA
NO.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

TIME
12 June 2008 15-20 June 2008 17-20 June 2008 18 June 2008 25 June 2008 27 June-1 July 2008 30 June-1 July 2008 8 July 2008 11-15 July 2008 14-20 July 2008 14 July 2008 15-16 July 2008 15-17 July 2008 18 July 2008 19-20 July 2008 20-31 July 2008 1-2 August 2008 2 August 2008 4 August 2008 5-7 August 2008 11 August 2008 11-15 August 2008 12-13 August 2008 12-13 August 2008 13 August 2008 14 August 2008 19 August 2008 20-21 August 2008 24-17 August 2008 25-29 August 2008 25-28 August 2008 27-29 August 2008 27-29 August 2008

A C T I V I T Y
Mid Term Review Meeting Communication Working Group of Cooperation Program RI-UNICEF, held at Jakarta by Bappenas and UNICEF Basic Skill Orientation of Community Empowerment Facilitation in WSES Development, held at Makassar by Directorate General PMD, Domestic Affair Department Workshop of Local Government Role Post WSLIC-2 Activity, held at Bandung by Diretorate General PP-PL, Health Department Media Discussion "Access to Water Supply for Poor People", held at Jakarta by ESP/USAID Launching of Indonesia's Toilet Design Competition 2008-2009 "Green Public Toilet of Indonesia", held at Jakarta by Toilet Association of Indonesia Workshop and Training of Community Led Total Sanitation, 1st Class, held at Banten by Directorate General PMD, Domestic Affair Department Workshop of Project Implementation Document (PID) Completion, held at Jakarta by WSES Working Group and UNICEF Declaration of "Kecamatan whose 100% Community Have Used Toilet Sanitation Facilities", held at Kandangan Village, Senduro Kecamatan by Local Government of Lumajang Kabupaten Workshop and Training of Community Led Total Sanitation, 2nd Class, held at Banten by Directorate General PMD, Domestic Affair Department Workshop and Training of Strategic Planning of Working Group Strengthening and Consorting, held ta Jayapura by UNICEF Socialization of Community Led Total Sanitation, held at Grobogan Kabupaten by Plan Indonesia in cooperation with WSES Working Group of Grobogan Kabupaten and National WSES Working Group Training of Communication Strengthening by WSES Working Group of Kebumen Kabupaten supported by Government of Kebumen Kabupaten and WASPOLA Workshop of Strategic Plan of Community Led Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation (AMPL-BM), held at Padang by West Sumatera Provincial WSES Working Group Meeting of Directional and Daily Operator Committee of Watsan Network, held at Jakarta by Watsan Network Meeting of Planning and Evaluation of WSES, held at Bogor by Directorate General of Bangda, Domestic Affair Department Workshop and Training of 1st Basic Training, MPA-PHAST, CLTS, Hygiene and School Sanitation Promotion for Facilitator and WSES Working Group, held at Jayapura by UNICEF Workshop of ProAir Projectm held at Bali by Directorate General of Bangda, Domestic Affair Department Hand Washing with Soap Campaign, held at Tangerang Kabupaten by Health Agency of Tangerang Kabupaten, CARE Indonesia and USAID Meeting of RI-Vietnam and Laos Delegations, held at Jakarta by Health Department Visit of Vietnam and Laos Delegations to the Location of CLTS at Tangerang Kabupaten and DI Yogyakarta Province Socialization of CLTS, held at Rembang Kabupaten by Plan International Indonesia in cooperation with Rembang WSES Working Group and National WSES Working Group Training of Facilitation Basic Skill, held at Bandung by Directorate General PMD, Domestic Affair Department Workshop of Consolidation and Compilation of Middle Term Work Plan of WSES Working Group of Central Java Province, held at Semarang by WASPOLA Consolidation of PAMSIMAS Program on Central Level, held at Jakarta by Public Work Department Workshop of Communication Strategy Implementation for WSES Development, held at Jakarta by WASPOLA Discussion of National Commitment and Realization of Right of Clean Water for All, held at Jakarta by LP3ES Discussion of Government Regulation Draft of Law No 18 Year 2008 on Solid Waste Management, held at Jakarta by Solid Waste Management Task Force (SWM-TF)-Watsan Network National Conference of Household Scale Water Supply Management (PAM-RT), held at Jakarta by Health Department in cooperation with WSES Working Group Training of Communication Media Development for Advocacy and Public Campaign in the Water and Sanitation Sector Workshop and Training of Community Led Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation (AMPL-BM) Development Facilitator for WSES Working Group Partners, held at Yogyakarta by WASPOLA Training of Village Organizational Development for Technical Team of Kabupaten and Camat at Locations of ProAir, held at Bali by Domestic Affair Department Workshop Kabupaten Team Coordination of Water Services and Health Project (CWSH), held at Bogor by Diectorate General Bangda, Domestic Affair Department International Workshop on Community-Based Solid Waste Management and Supporting National Policies, held at Surabaya in cooperation of the Government of Kota Surabaya and Institute for Global Environment Strategies (IGES), Kitakyushu Initiative Network (KIN) and supported by Environmental Ministry, Government of Japan and United Nations Economic and Social Comission for Asia and Pacific (UNESCAP) Joint Workshop of Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation on Slump Areas in the Urban Areas of East Indonesia, held at Makassar by National WSES Working Group and WES UNICEF

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28-29 August 2008