E E 706

ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY II

2006 Scheme July 5, 2010

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This manual is the result of contributions from the following sta members. Ms. Sheena K M. . Mr. Anith Krishnan Mr. Naveen T. R. Mr. Jobira j C. Mr. Mano j M. S. Mr. Gireesh G. Mr. Vaishak L. S.

INTRODUCTION
A few words about the lab.

INSTRUCTIONS
All students should wear shoes. Male students should tuck in their shirts. Female students should tie up their hair properly. Students should not lean on the work bench. Do not switch on the supply before the circuit is veried by the concerned lab faculty. Use of mobile phone inside the laboratory is strictly prohibited. All the students are to strictly abide by the instructions given here and any additional instruction given during the lab session, failing to which he/she will have to face disciplinary action.

Co ntents
Load test on SCIM. No load and bl ocked rotor test on SRIM. Load test on single phase induction Alternator Alternator regulation regulation motor 1 4 9 11 13 18 21

by direct loading. by indirect meth od

V cur ves and inverted V cur ves of syn chronous motor No load and bl ocked rotor test on SCIM.

Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Experiment No.: 1

LOAD TEST ON SQUIRREL

Aim:

CAGE INDUCTION

M OTOR

To study the performance of the machine when loaded and to plot the following charac- teristics of a squirrel cage induction motor. Vs o/p N Vs o/p Ia Vs o/p cos Vs o/p %s Vs o/p M chine details: a Refer name plate of the machine. Precautions: 1. All the connections should be tight. 2. The autotransformer should be in minimum position initiall y. 3. The motor should be on no load at the time of starting. Pr ocedure: 1. Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. After taking care of the precautions, switch on the suppl y. 3. Adjust the autotransformer till rated voltage is applied across the motor terminals. 4. Note down all the meter readings in no-load condition. 5. Increase the load in steps until the ammeter reads the rated current and note down all the meter reading for each applied load. 6. Reduce the load to zero, bring the autotransformer to the minimum position and switch o the suppl y.

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Circuit Diagram:

z H 0 ,5 3 V 3 0 4 4

Obser vation Table: W2 Sl. V1 A1 W1 N No. (V) (A) (W) (W) (rpm ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 S1 S2 i/p T (kg) (kg) (W) (Nm ) o/p cos (W) %s

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Equations

and Calculations: Voltage V = . . . . . . V Current I = . . . . . . A W1 = . . . . . .W W2 = . . . . . . W I/P power = W1 + W2 = . . . . . . W Speed N = . . . . . . rpm S1 = . . . . . . kg S2 = . . . . . . kg Torque T = (S1 S2 )rg = . . . . . . Nm 2N T = ......W O/P power = 60

Power Factor cos = . .....

100 = . . . . . . % Ns Slip s = N Ns O/P Eciency 100 = . . . . . . % I/P =

Here r is the radius of the break drum and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Result:

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Experiment No.: 2

NO LOAD AND BLOCKED ROTOR TEST ON SLIP-RING INDUCTION M OTOR

Aim: To conduct no load and blocked rotor test on slip-ring induction motor and to draw its equivalent circuit and circle diagram. Ma chine Details: Refer name plate of the machine. Precautions: 1. The autotransformer should be in minimum position while switching on the suppl y. 2. The motor should not be on load while starting. Pr ocedure: No-load test 1. After taking care of the precautions, switch on the suppl y. 2. Adjust the autotransformer gradually such that the rated voltage is applied to the stator. 3. Note down all the meter readings under no-load condition. 4. Reduce the autotransformer to minimum position. 5. Switch o the suppl y. Blocked rotor test 1. After taking care of the precautions, switch on the suppl y. 2. Adjust the autotransformer till the rated current ows through the stator. 3. Take all the meter readings. 4. Reduce the autotransformer to minimum position. 5. Switch o the suppl y.

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Circuit Diagram:

3 , z H 0 5 , V 0 4 4

Figure 1: Circuit diagram for no-load test.

Figure 2: Circuit diagram for blocked rotor test.

C D V 0 3

Figure 3: Measurement of stator resistance.

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Obser vation Table: No-load test I0 W1 W2 W0 Sl. V0 No. (V) (A) (W) (W) (W) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Blocked rotor test W1 W2 Wsc Sl. Vsc Isc No. (V) (A) (W) (W) (W) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stator Resistance Sl. V I No. (V) (A) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ra = V ()
2 1

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Equations

and Calculations:

From no-load test Supply voltage V0 = . . . . . . V Circuit current I0 = ......A No-load power W0 = W1 + W2 . . . . . . W W cos 0 = 0 = . . . . . .
0 0

3V I

Magnetising current I = I0 sin 0 = . . . . . . A Working current Iw = I0 cos 0 = . . . . . . A V R0 = 0 = . . . . . . Iw X = = ...... V0 0 I

From blocked rotor test

Supply Voltage Vsc = . . . . . . V Circuit current Isc = ......A Power consumed Wsc = W1 + W2 = . . . . . . W V Z01 = sc = . . . . . . Isc R 01 X01 Wsc = ...... 2 3Isc 2 = Z01 R2 = . . . . . . 01

From stator resistance test D resistance Rdc C = 6

6 1 Sl.N o.=1

Ra = . . . . . .

AC resistance Rac = 1.2 Rdc = . . . . . . Rest of the parameters can be

calculated as R20 = R01 Rac = . . . . . . X01 = ...... X1 = X 0 2 2 2 =

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

R1

X1

R02

X20

R0

X0

( R0
2

) 1 s1

Figure 4: Equivalent Circuit.

Figure 5: Circle Diagram. Result:

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Experiment No.: 3

LOAD TEST ON SINGLE

Aim:

PHASE INDUCTION

M OTOR

To conduct load test on a single phase induction motor and to plot the following charac- teristics. Vs o/p N Vs o/p Ia Vs o/p cos Vs o/p %s Vs o/p T Vs o/p M chine details: a Refer name plate of the machine. Precautions: 1. All the connections should be tight. 2. The motor should not be on load while starting. Pr ocedure: 1. Close D PST and start the motor on no load at rated voltage. 2. Note down all the meter readings at no load. 3. Gradually apply the load in steps till the ammeter reads rated current. Note down all the meter readings for each load. 4. Gradually decrease the load to zero and switch o the suppl y. Circuit Diagram:

. . C A z H 0 , 5 V 0 3 2

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Obser vation Table: Sl. V1 A1 W1 N No. (V) (A) (W) (rpm ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Equations and Calculations: Voltage V = . . . . . . V Current I = ......A I/P power = W1 = . . . . . . W Speed N = . . . . . . rpm S1 = . . . . . . kg S2 = . . . . . . kg Torque T = (S1 S2 )rg = . . . . . . Nm 2N T = ......W O/P power = 60 Power Factor cos = . . . . . . O/P Eciency 100 = . . . . . . % I/P = Here r is the radius of the break drum and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Resul t: S1 S2 T (kg) (kg) (Nm ) o/p cos (W)

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Experiment No.: 4

ALTERN ATOR REGUL ATION BY DIRECT

Aim:

LOADING

To determine the regulation of a 3 alternator by direct loading and to plot the following graphs. Ma chine Details: Refer name plate of the machine. Precautions: 1. The eld rheostat of D.C. motor should be kept at minimum position and that of the alternator should be at maximum position while starting the experiment. 2. All the switches should be in open position before giving the suppl y. Pr ocedure: 1. Wire up the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. D supply is given to the prime mover by closing D C PST and is started using the starter. 3. By varying the eld rheostat, the prime mover is made to run in the rated speed of the alternator. 4. Close SPST to energize the eld of alternator. 5. Adjust the alternator eld rheostat so as to get rated voltage across the alternator open circuited terminals. 6. Close T S P T switch (the alternator is now connected to the load). 7. Add some load to the alternator. This causes the terminal voltage to change (it can decrease or increase). 8. Adjust the alternator eld rheostat such that the rated voltage is applied across the load. Note down the ammeter readings. 9. The entire load is now thrown o the alternator by bringing the TS P T switch to the open position. 10. The open circuit or no-load voltage (E0 ) is noted. 11. Repeat 7-10 until the ammeter reads the rated current of the machine. 12. De-energise the alternator eld and switch o the suppl y.

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Circuit Diagram:

. C . D V 0 2 2

T S P D

T S P T

Obser vation Table: IL If E0 Regulatio Sl. VL n No. (V) (A) (A) (V) (% 1 2 3 4 5 6 Equations and Calculations:

Voltage across the load VL = . . . . . . V Load current IL = . . . . . . A Field current If = . . . . . . A 100 = . . . . . . % E0 % Regulation = VL VL where E0 , VL , IL and If are per-phase values. Result:
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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Experiment No.: 5

ALTERN ATOR REGUL ATION BY INDIRECT

Aim:

M ETHOD

To pre-determine the regulation of a 3 alternator by indirect methods at dierent loads , ( 4 1 43 and full load) for various power factors (0.8 lead, 0.8 lag, upf ) and draw the regulation vs. load current curve by conducting suitable tests. Ma chine Details: Refer name plate of the machine. Precautions: 1. All the switches should be in open position before switching on the suppl y. 2. The eld rheostat of D.C. motor should be kept at minimum position and that of the alternator should be at maximum position while starting the experiment. Pr ocedure: OC Test 1. Wire up the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. D supply is given to the prime mover by closing D C PST and is started using the starter. 3. By varying the eld rheostat, the prime mover is made to run in the rated speed of the alternator. 4. Close SPST to energize the eld of alternator. 5. By adjusting the alternator eld rheostat, increase the alternator eld current in steps and note down If and open circuit voltage E0 . 6. Repeat the above step till the voltmeter reads 1.25 times the rated voltage of the machine. 7. De-energise the alternator eld and switch o the suppl y. SC Test 1. Wire up the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. D supply is given to the prime mover by closing D C PST and is started using the starter. 3. Close SPST switch such that the alternator is now short-circuited. 4. By varying the eld rheostat, the prime mover is made to run in the rated speed of the alternator.
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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

5. Close SPST to energize the eld of alternator. 6. By adjusting the alternator eld rheostat, increase the alternator eld current in steps and note down If and the armature current Ia . 7. Repeat the above step till the ammeter reads 1.25 times the rated current of the machine. 8. De-energise the alternator eld and switch o the suppl y. Circuit Diagram: OC Test

. C. D V 0 2 2

T S P D

SC Test

. C . D V 0 2 2

S T P D

T S P T

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Resistance measurement

C D V 0 3

Obser vation Table: OC Test If Sl. E0 No. (V) (A) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Resistance Measurement Sl. V I No. (V) (A) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rdc () SC Test Ia Sl. If No. (V) (A) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 6.

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Sample Graph:

) V t ( (A se T C O m o rf
0

) e st T C S m o fr Ia

Equations

and Calculations:

EMF Method Synchronous Impedance Z s = E0 = ...... Isc

6 Sl.N o.=1

1 AC resistance of armature Ra = 1.2 6 1. Lagging p.f.

Rdc = . . . . . .

E0 = 2. Unity p.f.

(V cos + I Re )2 + (V sin + I Xs )2

E0 =

(V + I Re )2 + (I Xs )2

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

3. Leading p.f. MMF Method

E0 =

(V cos + I Re )2 + (V sin I Xs )2

The students are expected to complete this section by themselves and write it in the laboratory record. Result:

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Experiment No.: 6

V CU RVES AND INVE RTED V CU RVES OF SYNCH RONOUS M OTOR

Aim: To obtain V and inverted V curves of the given synchronous motor. Ma chine Details: Refer name plate of the machine. Precautions: 1. Synchronizing switch should be in open position. 2. The synchronous machine eld regulator should be in maximum resistance position at the time of starting. 3. The D machine eld regulator should be in minimum resistance C position at the time of starting. 4. D PST and SPST switch should be in open position before giving supply to the circuit. 5. D T switch should be position 1-1 when supply is switched on. PD Pr ocedure: 1. Close the D PST switch and start the D machine by cutting down C the starter resis- tance. 2. Adjust the eld regulator of D motor and drive the synchronous C machine in syn- chronous speed. 3. Close T S P T switch and note down the supply voltage level using voltmeter Vs . 4. Close SPST switch and increase the eld current of the synchronous machine such that the terminal voltage becomes the same as supply voltage i.e., VL = s . V 5. Observe the manner in which the lamps (across the synchronizing switch) are glowing. 6. If the 3 sets of lamps become bright and dark one after another (indicating wrong phase sequence) bring the T S P T switch to open position. 7. Bring the eld rheostat of the synchronous machine to minimum position. 8. Open SPST switch and interchange any two terminal connection on the TS P T switch. Follow steps 4 and 5. 9. If the 3 sets of lamps become bright and dark simulataneously, the phase sequence is correct. 10. Reduce the rate of ickering of synchronizing lamps as low as possible by adjusting the D m C otor eld energizing rheostat.

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

11. Close the synchronizing switch at the middle of the dark period of the lamps. 12. Open D T switch. The synchronous machine will now work as PD synchronous motor and the D machine will work as a self-excited C D shunt generator. C 13. For this no load position, the exciting eld current of synchronous motor is varied in steps till the ammeter reads the rated line current. The meter readings are noted down for each eld current. 14. Put the switch to 2-2 position and apply a constant load by using loading rheostat RL . 15. Vary the eld current and note down the eld current and armature current. Repeat the same for dierent loads. Circuit Diagram:

0 .C D V 2 2 .

D TS P
C M ) A 0 2 (0 ) C M V 0 0 3 (0 ,5 z H 0

V 3 5 1 4

Obser vation Table: No If Sl. Ia Load I/P cos No. (A) (A) (W) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Load Current = . . . . . Ia .A If I/P cos (A) (A) (W)

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Equations

and Calculations:

Armature Current Ia = . . . . . . A Field Current If = ......A I /P Power Factor cos = = ...... L a a 3V I Result:

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Experiment No.: 7

NO LOAD AND BLOCKED ROTOR TEST ON SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION M OTOR

Aim: To conduct no load and blocked rotor test on squirrel cage induction motor and to draw its equivalent circuit and circle diagram. Ma chine Details: Refer name plate of the machine. Precautions: 1. The autotransformer should be in minimum position while switching on the suppl y. 2. The motor should not be on load while starting. Pr ocedure: No Load Test

1. After taking care of the precautions, switch on the suppl y. 2. Adjust the autotransformer gradually such that the rated voltage is applied to the stator. 3. Note down all the meter readings under no-load condition. 4. Reduce the autotransformer to minimum position. 5. Switch o the suppl y. Blocked rotor test 1. After taking care of the precautions, switch on the supply with the rotor blocked. 2. Adjust the autotransformer till the rated current ows through the stator. 3. Take all the meter readings. 4. Reduce the autotransformer to minimum position. 5. Switch o the suppl y.

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Circuit Diagram:

z H 0 ,5 3 V 0 4 4

Figure 6: Circuit diagram for no-load test.

z H 0 ,5 3 V 0 4 4

Figure 7: Circuit diagram for blocked rotor test.

C D V 0 3

Figure 8: Measurement of stator resistance.

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Lab Manual: Electrical Machines Laboratory II (EE 706)

2006 Scheme

Obser vation Table: No-load test I0 W1 W2 W0 Sl. V0 No. (V) (A) (W) (W) (W) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Blocked rotor test W1 W2 Wsc Sl. Vsc Isc No. (V) (A) (W) (W) (W) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stator Resistance Sl. V I No. (V) (A) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ra ()

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