I

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.

1. COMPACT 5 CNC - Introduction

' ·' .

Description of machine 1.1 - 1.5

Positions of tool holder 1. 6
The right hand side tool 1. 7
Working data 1. 8
Transmission steps_ 1. 9
( } Cutting values 1. 10-1. 11
 Main Elements of the COMPACT 5 CNC

Main motor - Spindle drive - Amm eter R. P .H. Per formance Diagram

D.C. permanent magnetic rr~tor

Variab le speed range 1:7

Speed range Goo - 4ooo r . p .m.
Input pO', ;er (PI) Soo N
Output p<Yo•er (P2) 3oo I~

Speed o f the rr~tor (rpm)

Up to machine nurrber So o9 So the light
barri er and the perforated disc on the
motor pu lley control led the motor speed
(see illustration).
Starting from machine nureber So o9 51
~~:-~~-~~~-~~~~2~-~~~-~~~~:- ~e~~~-~!~~ the motor speed i s controlled electro-
a D.C. n:otor? nically (IxR compe nsation ) . Therefor e
-------------
By changing the pO',;er of the current. light barrier and pe rforated disc are
not mounted .
Current li mitations:
--------------------
Tne motor is protected against overload
through a current li mi tation . An over-
l oad co~ld cause a burning out of the
motor. current limi t ation therefore at
4 ampere .

Amme ter:
--------
I ndicatest he actual current consump-
tion of the drive motor .

l )
Th e belt pulley drive

roe 6- pu lley drive allows for a setting

of the various ranges o f revo lutions of
the mai n spindle.

Dr ive f or range of r evolutions BCI, BC2,

BC3 ( f rom Idler pul ley to main spindle):

I. Belt pulley A (motor) be l t pulley

B (Idle r pulley). The belt from A to
B rema ins and is not changed.

~ 2. Be l t pulley B to be lt pul l ey C (mai n

spindle) . The bel t can be put on in
\'
) 3 positions: BCI , BC2 , BC3

1. 1
Drive for range of rev~!:!tlons l\CI_, AC2, AC3 I
Frott ~~tor pu lley l\ to main spindle pul ley C.

Tne Idler pulley r uns iQlc .

~~~~2~.!~~ -~~!~-~~!~~~~i
Loosen hexa~on nut (I).
- Lift rrotor up
- Put belt onto desired pulley
- Push do•.•n ootor and tigh ten hexagonal
sere...' .

The main spindle - R.P . M.-display

Range of revolutions: So - 32oo r.p.n. 1. ·Function f or all turning operations

Spind l e nose : E!~CO standard except when scre·.. -cutting
Hole through spndle: 16 ~~
Inside spindle taper: MT 2 Via perforation ring 1 and light barrier
1 the cain spindle speed is indicated on
Cla~ping devices on cain spindle: the digital r ead-out of the Ct:C-panel.

- 3-jaw chuck ¢ Bo ~~
- Independent chuck ~ 9o rr~
•'
Hounting plate ¢ 9o mm
- Col l et holder for collets ES X 25 2. Function when screw-cutting

~~ounting instructions, chucking capa- - ~~~~~~~~!~~-~!~2 .!!_!!2~~-~~~~!~~-!i

city, revers ing of jaws, sa fety instruc-
tions - please refer to instruct i on bool<
co::pact 5.
The speed of the ca in spindle is ~~a­
sured and reported to the Computer. '
- ~!~~-~~!~-~!.!!2~~-~~~~!~=-~i
PERFORATED DISC AND LIGHT BARRIER <A~
Tne special start position of the ~~i n
MAIN SPINDLE spindle is reported to the c omputer.

\. ,)

1. 2
 Description of machine

Drive of slides

St ep rJOt ors - Re-circulating ball screws

THE STEP ~:OTORS A revolution of the Co::pact S CIIC step

rr~tors is divided into 72 steps, i .e.
'l'echnical Data: one step= angle of 5° (36o0 +72 =5°).
Single step 5°
'l'orque o , So Nm

As t he name says , a revolution of the

motor is divided int o s teps. The ·limitation of tho traverse paths
(the Tack-Tack sound)

If you move the slides to t he l i oi t p o-

si tions or against a s t op, you wil l
hear a tack-tack sound. The step motor
rece i ves i mpulses for further ~ove~ent,
but cannot move any further . Tnat ~eans
overload on spind l es , nuts and gu ide -
ways of t he slides.

'rhus you have to stop the feed •,;hen you

";ork on "hand 11
operation.
You have to interrupt the program when
you run on "C!IC" operation .

Longitudinal- and cross slides

Technica l Data:

\ 1 - Traverse speed f or longitudi nal and

cross slides:
Rapid traverse speed 7oo rr~/mi n

variable feed ra t es (hand-operation)

l o - •l oo r::m/ min
Prograrr.mabl c feed rates (Cr;c-opera-
tion) to - 499 ~/mi n

- Sma l l cstpossible traverse path :

o , ol30 r_.,

- Traverse path longitudinal s l ide

3oo rr.'ll
Ball screws - Prel oaded n~

- Traverse path cross slide So rrm

Longitudinal and cross slides are dri -
v e n via ball scre~·s. The scre-...· s run
- I ndication on digital read-out i n
play- free in the nu ts (no backlash).
' o , o l '""
- Feed pcuer on slides approx . I ooo N

1. 3
Reduc tion step motor - feed screws
Steps (ang l e of step Traverse Read- out
Smallest slide moveme11t (for longi tudi - motors ) path (mm) 1/loo lr.fll
na l and cross slides)
l. Step (50) o , o138 I
~nen the step ~otor turns by so (with 2. Step (loo) o ,o277 3
the s mallest step the slide wi ll Eove
o , o138 r..m). 3. Step (1 5°) o ,o416 4
4 . Step ( 2o0 ) o , o555 6

Tr averse path indication on digital 5 . Step (25°) o,o694 7

0
read-out - slide movement 6. Step (3o ) o , o833 8
7. Step (35°) o ,o972 lo
The traverse path will be i nd i cated on
the d i gital read-out in o , ol rr.~ 8 . Step (4o0 ) o , Ill II

9 . Step ( 45°) 0 , 125 12

,.. )

The tool holder

~ne tool holder can be fixed in a front

or bac~ position on t he cross slide .
Ranges of diame t er , please refer to page
1.6.

Hax. tool section : 12x 12 u.rn
Positioning of tool bi t at center
height:
3. Turn nut (1) un t i l tool b it r eaches
center height. Use center f or posi -
tioning of tool bit at cent er he i ght .
Tighten screw (2) and tool holder
with f ixing screw (3) . \ )

Positioning of tool holder at required

angle:

With pre-setting gauge :

Refer to chapter on tool pre- setting.
1. Hount tool bit in tool holder
Wi thout pre- setting gauge:
2. ~:ount tool holder in tool holder Toolholder to be c l amped paralle l t o
block. cross slide .

\ )

1. 4
 De scription of machine

The tailstock

The tailstock serves to support tile

·.<orkpiece by using a center - as ~<e l l
as f or dri lling/centering.

)
Drilling operation:

Drills up to~8 ~~ to be c ounted in

drill chuck. Drills of rr.o re than
8 mm need a ~IT! so that they can
be u.~unted directly into the tailstock
barrel.
Feed via handwheel and tailstock sleeve .

( I

}!ounting instructions for clamping de-

vices, clamping capacity, mounti ng of
vertical milling and drilling attach-
~~nt , safety tips, etc. to be found in
instruction book CO~WACT 5.

1. 5
Position of tool holder

Positions of Toolholder

Tne toolholder can be c l amped in front

position a nd in back position.

Front position

Outside diame ter I nterior diameter

¢ 0 to¢ Bo mm ¢ 14 to ¢ loo rr.m

Back position

Outside diameter I nterior diameter

¢ 2o to ¢ I 2o mm ¢ So to ¢ I 3o rr•., \

Please clamp the toolholder in the front

position for our prograromin9 exercises. )

1. 6
 Page 8 . 3/1.6 Position oftoolholder

) ()
Positions of Toolholder

The toolhol der can be c l amped in f ront

posi tion and in back position.

Front position

Range of outside diatteter Range of i nside diameter

cutting ¢ o ·to ¢ 3 . 2" cutting¢ .56" to¢ 4"

<-._) ( )

Back position

Range of out s ide diameter Range o f inside diameter

c utting ¢ . 8" to ¢ 4 . 8" cutting ¢ 2" to ¢ 5 . 2"
( ) (

Please clamp the toolholde r in the front

( ) position for our programming exercises
lJ
1. 6/8.3
 Page 1.7/8.5-8. 1:/Toolingof COMPACT 5CNC

( )
Tooling of COMPACT SCNC

Tne prograuming exercises are based on

the right hand side.
On the pages 8 . 5 to 8.15 the data and
the tool geometry and possibilities for
the respective tool are shown.

For instance right hand side tool

( l ( )

Clearance angl e of tool bit ;II. =93°

0
with tool shank mounted at 90
to turning axis.

Be aware of the max. cutting depth of

the respective tools
' )
Sxample: Right hand side tool (T01)
( )
Find max. cutting depth "a"
for facing

1 = .275"
11= . 236"
• .. J>
SlOCV = ·-a
11
a = 11 X Sin .,e .236" x .o52"
. o12" approx.
a
So max. cutting depth for fa-
cing with 'r i ght hand side tool
i s .o12" (o, 3 rrc'll).

u \ )
Page 1.7/8. 5-8.15

j
 The right hand side tool

The Right Hand Side Tool (T01)

Dimensions - Applications

The exercises make it possible to use 2. Shape turning:

the r i ght hand side tool f or all pro- -----------------
~ must not be bigger than 3o0 , otherwise
qral!J!Iing work, p art I . there wi ll b e insuffi cient clearance
Furt her t ools are explained in part 2 angle .
of the prog ra~ing exercises.

r~,-- = s. . .
3. Radii:
- - · - --,.-
Exampl es of appl ication:

Cl earance angle ~ = 93°

a
I. LOngitudinal turning, facing and
-- - ~~~!~ - ~~~~~~~: _________________ _
up to ot- = max . 9o0
T"ne depth of cut "a " with facing must
not be bigger than o , 3 mm , otherwise Depth of cut at the Depth of cut at the
the chip f l cN is bad. end of the 4th part Start of the 4th part
- --·,-·-.-- · - - of ci r cumference
max. o , 3 rr..::t
of circuoference
max ~ o,3 ~rL"U .
\ ) OPERATING HINT I

If you set t he toolholder in another a ng le

position, M = loo 0 , you can t a ke bigger
cuts ~hen facing.
<.'-
.r-- :J - - · --.-
-<--11->-8

OPERATING HINT 2

~:ove wi th the transpa rent scale drawi ng

a of the tool bit along the shape of the
dra·. ,ing. You ·o'ill i u:ediately see if the
depth of cut i s t oo big.

1. 7
Working data

Working Data

1. Culling speed (Vs) 2. Calculation of spindle speed (S)

The cutting s peed and the workpiece dia.

enable you to ca l culate the speed o f
d ( l!l::l) X II' X S (U/min) the main spind l e .
lvs (m/ min) = l ooo

= Cutting speed
Vs
rs (rev/min) =
Vs ( rr~/min)
d ( mm) x 7f
x looo

d = Dia . of ~>orkpiece
s = Speed of ma in spindle
Tne max . acceptable cutting s peed depends
on : - 3. Calculation of feed (F)

On the Cor:pact 5 Ct-.'C you program the f,/ )

=-~~~~:~~!-~!-~~:~e~~~~~
in mm/ mi n
Tne hi gher the s t rength o f the material,
the laoer the cutti ng speed . Conversion :
-.----------
- 1-!ater i al of tool:
Carbide tools al l~h for a higher cutting
~~~~/oin) = s (rev/min) x F (rrro/rev) I
speed than HSS tools.
F ( ~m/min) = Feed i n mm per minu te
- Feed: S = Speed of main spind l e
The l arger the f eed the l o;:er the cu t - F ( ~•/rev) = Feed in ~" per revolution
t ing speed.

:}?~!?!:~- 9!_~!:'!;~
The larger the depth o f cut the s ~~lle r
the cutti ng speed .

Da ta f or cutting sp eed and feed can be )

found in the var i ous tool brochures of
the ma nufact urers . Tnese data are the
technological basis for prograrr~ing .

~tti n9 s peed for pr29ramming exercises

on the Colllpact 5 CNC
!calculation of feed
Wo~kp~ece mate~ial: automatic aluminium
Tool : ca~bide tips
Cutting speed fo~ turning: l~o-2oo m/min
Cutting speed for parting off:
6o-8o m/min
Feed sil':e for turninq: o,o.2-o, 1 mm/r.ey. The charts on the follo-..:ing page save
Feed si~z~ for pa~tinq off: o ,ol-o , o.2 rrm/r the calculation work.
I
I

1.8
 Pa ge 1 .a; Worklng data

()
l ) Working Data

1 . cuttl ng spee d (Vs) 3. Calculation of feed (F)

o Spind l e speed On the Compact 5 CNC you program the fe cd
o Cutting speed speed (F21<\ inch per minute (I. P.M.)
o Feed
o Cut tlng depth Calculation :
depend an many fac tors f' l = reed size (inch ~r revolution)
f'2 = reed speed ( inch per mi nute)
The most important arc: s = Main spindle speed
o Haterial of tool
o Dimension of t ool !'2u~ch]
m1n
= S (rpm) X f' l (inch per rev ~
o Tool geometry
o Kork material
o ~!ethod of clamping
o Power of machine 'Fne values of the feed depend a l so
., Si ze and Rigidity of machines o n fact ors as mach ine power , machine
s i ze , machine r i gid ity, tool , work-
( )
o Type of coolant
o etc . pi ece D>a t e rial etc . These va l ues
ca n be found in t echn ical handbooks ,
t ool books etc .
The values for cutting speeds are
listed in '£echn ical Handbooks ,
too l g uards a nd I nstr uction Na nua l s . General rule :

Vs [ mwute
f eet J- o UnclJ x')l:
12
x rpm
The l arg er the depth o f cut t he
sma lle r the f eed size . The sma ll er
the f eed s ize t he smoother the
s urface .

~utting speed for proqr~~ ing e xerci ses

on the Compact 5 CNC r eed sizes (f' I) for e xercises on
CO~IPACT 5 C!-.'C
Turning: . 001 . 004 " per revolution
Korkpiece Material: f'rec a l uminium
It -

Part in51 of f: .0005 . 001" per r ev .

11
-
Tool : carbide tips
Cut ting speed for turning: 500-700f!X'
Cutting speed for par t ing off: 200-250fpm
Note: for f i nishing cuts the cutt ing speed
can be inc reased 25' Calculations

2. Calculation of spindle speed (S)

I Cutting speed j
The cutting speed and the ~~rkpiece dia
enable you t o calculate the speed of the I •
Calc. of spindle speed I
'

ca in spindle.
I •
Calcu l a t ion of feed I
~lcct~ x 12
S (rpo) ~
-- ··--
l1l i II
The charts on pages I. 10/1.1 I save
Dl i nch) x . the ca l culation ~ork.

I ( )

1.8
 Page 1.1o/Cuttlng· values

() Finding the Cutting Values ( )

1. Finding the R. P.M.

You kn<Y.<
- Di ameter of workpiece
- Suggested cutting speed (feedpermlnute)
Fro::> the chart you can select the r ._p. m.

Example:

Diameter of workpiece: 1.6"

Cutting speed: SOO fee t/minute
Therefore: 1200 rpm. approximately

( ) ( }

() ( )

. Diameter of workpieceQnch)
u )

1.10
 Spindle speed

Selection of Transmission Steps on COMPACT 5 CNC

~he performance curve of a direct current

rr~tordepends on the nur.her of revolu-
tions. Choose the transmi ssion step of
the pulley drive such that th e revoluti-
ons of the co tor are within a n optimum
efficienc y ra nge (blue field ) .

Exa mple:

llu.r rber of revo lutions for rough cuts:

6oo rpm .
Nu~er of revoluti ons for f i ne cut s:
·aoo rp::>.
Opticum transmission step: ACI

Ni th pulley posi tion AC2 you would come R . P .!·L o f rr.otor

into a n unfavourable performance range .

BC1 BC2 BC3 AC1 AC2 AC3

Belt position

1. 9
Cutting values

Finding the Cutting Values

1. Finding the R.P.M.

You knCY,.,•
- Diatteter of ~orkpiece
- Suggested cutting speed
Fro~ the chart you can select the r.p.m.

Example:
Diameter of workpiece: 4o mm
Cutting speed: I So rn/rnin
'lllerefo1:e: 12oo rp;;;,
m;.. . _ _ ___.

( )
3000

r'\. "' - .

' '\, - (\~ .

20 00 " '\. 1'..
" '\. " ~/.
').9
~
~ - :¢~
o- C!>o-
~-~o ~- ~....-:
- <:h ~~!I
" '\, "
1200 ....... ,_ ~
10 00 " '\. " '\."
'\, '\, ~~ '() " - i-
" '\ - "" " '\, " - >.0 ~1\0 " 1"\. " 1'\.. " '\. '\.
" "" " " " !S'o
" '\... - 0

" 1'\ I"

" vo 1"- " i'\
500
"" " " ~o ~ "" "i'\ '\, r'\. "I'- "' "
r'\. "- ~

~"' """ '\,I'-I'\,"' "' 1'\"' "'\..."'\

......
c
·e "' i' '\, '\ '\,
>
--
f
:E
200 "' """ " "'""'""' " "'" i'\
i'\ "'
i'\

1"-
I'
I'\
i'

0.
a:
"' " ""' "' "' i'\
r'\
I'- i'
I'- I'
r'\

100
5 10
Diameter of workpiece (mm)
:20
"' "" "' 40 50
i'\
100
~
200

1.10
 Page 1. 11/Cuttlng values

2. Finding the feed speed in mm/mln

()
You knor,.;
- Di ameter o f workpiece
- Feed size in r p rn.
From the chart you se l ec t the f ee d i n
l!lll1/ roi n •

Exrunple:
Spi ndl e s peed: 1200 rpm .
Feed: .0024" per revolu t i on
Results in feed speed: 2 .8" per Hinut e approx imately

Feed ch art
Conversion of feed(inch/rev into inch/min and vice-versa)
(

Fee d 1nc
· h per minute

7·.:>~
~~ ~<9.~ v~ 6'~ <P~ {:>~ ~f~~
.ooa - I

'<9-<
""
~

"\. ' "\.

'
'\.
1"\.

.004
,•
• ()030
. "'
I
"r\. "r\.. "1'\ "f\. I'-
F\.
' I' I'
'\. ' F\. '
. 003
·- "'"'- 1'\ '\
.002 tt
" -....•<;!-?
'\ "" !'\..
~"
.·902c 1\. 1'\. . I'
()
, 0!)i
•0016 • ""'
""'""" '
"' ~ 1"-
1'-

"' "
1'\
1"\
'\.
'\

'\
I'
I'

~
-!::::. . 00l2•
s:.
.~
"" "' "" "
" I" 1'\ '\

["\
r"\
[1\
1\

I'

"""" 1\ 1\. I'

fooo a'
Ll.
1'\.
I"' i"\. i'\
'\
•0006 •
r"\ li'\ 1'1\
i'\ i'\
.0004 '\ '\
100 200 500 2000 3000

u Spindle speed (rev/min) ()

1. 11
; - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cutting values

2. Finding the feed speed In mm/mln

You knoo"
- Dia~e ter o f ~orkpiece
- Feed size in rpm.
From the chart you select the feed in
II min.

Example:
Spindle s peed: 12oo r~.
Feed: o,o6 mro{rev.
Results i n feed speed: 7o ~~/min

Feed chart

( ) Conversion of feed (mm/ref Into mm/mln and vlce·versa)

Fee d spee d(mmmn

I I )

~0. {t ~Q ~ v. ~
~0. ~0. ~ 0. 0. ~o. . 0a 19.
0,2

~fo "' -
"' "' "' 1'-
1'-
I"
0,1
1\. " :\. " :\. " 1'\ ' f'o.. f'o..
"' 1'-
'\. '\. ' i\.
"""" ~ I'-
~ ) ~ . " ' "' " "
-
1\.
:'\._
~
"" i'

["\. "'
1\. '\
O,OS

"" "" "" I"\.

1'\ "" "'
'\
'\

"f\
l"\i'

"" I\.
"""' "' ~

"'"" ~
I'
[\.
""1"- !"\ 1\.
1'\
['\

"" i'

0 ,01
"" ' ~
~
1'\
1\..
~
~
1'\

['\ i'
I ) 100 '200 1000 2000 3000

Spindle speed (rev/min)

1. 11
 I

2. Hand Operation

Operating elements 2. 1
Traverse indication 2.3
The Plus-Minus-Sign 2.5
Inching operation 2. 7
Switch over · 2.9
Input of traverse path 2.11-2.13
Cutting-off power of step motors 2. 15
I j Positioning the tool 2.17 - 2.19

I
 (
(~.n~wwns)
UOfleJadQ pueH SIUawa13 6uneJado
 OPERATI ON EL£~:ENTS - HAND-OPERATED

!!DUUU~[ff)--
COIIP.tCT S CIIC a~
•
t.
L
•••

I. ~la i n swi tch 7. Cont rol l amp- Hand-opera tion

Turn key to the right. Nachine The slides can only be coved
and control system are c nerg i z<?d . by hand when lamp (7 } is on.

2. Control lawp - main switch 8. Key board for feeds

~nen oa in switch is on, in + X and + Z directi on

control lacp (2) is on.
3. &ditch for drive of ma in
4. Knob for control of main spindle
speed
The symbol for slide shO'dS the
direction of rr~ven:ent and the
spindle relati ve key. The slides move
at pre-set feed rate .
Ti p operation: i f you jus t
tip the key slightly , t he
relative slide will c ove by
0,01 mm .

S. Di splay of main spindle speed

9. Rapid traverse key

6 . Knob for set ting feed rate If you press the feed key and
the rapid travers e key at the
In z -clirection (saddle ) a nd x- di - same tirr.e , y ou a chie ve rapid
rcction (cross sli.de ) . !nf inite ly movement o f sacldle or cross
variable from lo - ~ oo rr~/min. slide. J

2. 1b
 Page 2. 1b ./ 2.1c

) Operating Elements Hand Operation ()

Selec t inch or metr i c progr~_rning be -

fore switching on the machine. If you
change inch to metric in mode hand ope-
ration , the display does not change .
If you change in CNC-operation, alarm
Al3 will appear if' the memory is not
empty.

TO point 4
To adjust s peed with in a range
TO adjus t spind le speed of the machine
'•'ithin any given range simply t\trn the
control knob until the spindle speed dis -
p lay shohs the desire d speed .
) To point 6 : ()
Knob for setting feed t·ate .
Infinit ely variable from lo- 4oo roro/roin .
tllat is . 4" to 16".
The va lues on the front pla t e sho·.< the
f eed i n rrm per minute.

'iou will notict that the adjustrr.ent is

ca li brated in metric units (rr~/mi n) . To
set a feed rate in i nches per min . mul t iply
the desired value by 25 and se t the ad-
justment knob according ly. For exa mpl e , to
set a manua l feed rate of 4 inches per
minute; multiply 4x25= 100; and set the knob so
that the ~~rk aligns with 100 on the scale.

~nen usi ng the manual operating mode to touch

off on the stock for setting reference points
) it is advisable to keep the manual feed rate ()
set fa irl y slow . A rate of I to 2 in./min
(25 to So on t he scale} will allow you to move
in slo·,.,ly to approach the workpiece .
This will lessen the risk of overshoo t ing
your mark a nd cutting too deply into the
·.·orkpiece.
Conversion for inch f eeds "hand- opera-
tion:

mm/ min Inch/mi n

lo 0 ,4
2S I
So 2
l oo 4
2oo a
3oo 12
l ) 4oo 16
()

2 . 1b/2 .1 c
 Page 2.1b/2.1c

() To point 8:
(
Tip opera t ion: if you just tip the x or
Z keys s lightly, t he relative s lide
will move by 0.000546 .
Calculation of actual traverse paths:

~!etric t raverse pa th:

NUJ:'.ber of s t eps
• traverse path in mm
72

Inch traverse path:

Nu.mer of steps Traverse path

: 25,4 ~
72 in inch

() ( )
Steps (angle of Traverse path Indication/read-
s t .e p motor I in inch out in 1/looo inch

I. path (50) o;oooS46 1

2. path ( lov) o,oo1o9 I
3. path ( 151ll o oo164 • 2
4. path (2o") o, oo218 2
5. path (25 ) o,oo273 )
6. pat h (3ov) o,oo328 J

.
.
.
To point 9:

Rapid traverse feed 2.75 inch/minute

( ) ( J
To poin t lo:

Display shows the paths

I n inch mode the :!: x and ± z paths are
shc:Y,..n in thousandth of inch . (0.001'?
The minus sign come s as a point on the
display.

324 = - . 324"
To poin t 12:

liith loo- 115 V machines the c urrent

conswoption should not exceed 4 kl-
peres. For overload protection of t he
~otor , the PJ•er consumption is cut
wi t h a Aloperes .

u l J

2 . 1b/2 .1c
 16
11
14

15

5 4 12 8

lo. Disp lay shCY<~s tho paths 13. Er.orgency- stop-button

+ \'"hen pushing t he e rr.ergency- stop-
) rn - X and +- z- direction i n hundredth button, the current is cut from the
of mm . Tne minus sign corr.es as poin t ca in motor , feed motors a nd control
on the display. unit .
~!~~~2~2~~2-~~~~~~~~~=!~~=~~~~~~~
Turn button to the left . ~· itch on
l• lll s l 2l = - 1' 52 lr.Dl
main s•.dtch.

I I. Switch key : hand-operati on to
CIIC-operati on
If you press the koy lil\HD/CNC, the
light ju:nps f rom control lamp hand-
ope ration to contro l lamp CI>C-opera-
tion. If you press again , the light
jumps back.
N G X Z
14 . [DEL) key
l'lhen pressi ng the DEL ke y, you
clear x- and Z- display nurbers (co~­
pare exercise ) .
I 5. The X/Z switch over key Fl
\'"hen operati ng the f ol"Ward key 1+1 ,
the display is shCY~i ng patl\ x, jumps
to path z and vi ce versa . So you can
read both paths (X + Z) .
F A

..
" 'rr:\\""".*" 000000
~
16 . Input key~
~Qu.Q_:EJ
•'""""
IIIIII 0~
(Corr.paro exercise )

17. Belt pu l ley drive

12. Arme ter for drive ~otor of cain
spindl e

The amr.e ter indicates the actual cur-

r en t cons ur.-. ption of t he drive motor .
To protect the rr~tor aga inst over-
load , the current consu ~ption oust
not e xceed 2 Anpere at continuous
operation . The load can be diminished
by reducing depth of cut, feed rate
or belt position.
---1,,JI
) For over load pro tection o f the cotor,
the maxirr.um po;;e r consumption is c ut
with 4 li.'Olperes .
:1
2. 1c
l
 Traverse Indication

Hand Operation

H G I l ,- A
-" 0 0 0 0 0 0
~ -~
o.~::o I I o9
·8 00G8 n:3
000!3§1 With hand-operation you can carry out
longitudinal turn ing and facing.
B¢-B 0000 •!• The feed ra te can be set by usi ng the
El G0EJB El knob.

H G Jt Z f A
...... ,. 0 0 0 0 0 0
~ -~
o.~:B I I o9
~ ) ·8 00013 El
00GEJ ~'3
TRAVERSE ~:OVEMENT OF SLIDES

Press key +Z, - z, +X, - X. Tne slides

@) ¢" EJ 000 0 •!> move in the indicated direction with
El G0EJB B the gi ven feed rate.

NGi lF A
.......... 0 0 0 0 0 0
~ ·~
o ..~:EJ I I o9 RAPID TRAVERSE OF SLIDES

-8.EJ0G8 ~,3
00013 El I f you press the direction key and the
rapid traverse key at the same time ,
B¢-8 CD000 •!• the slide will rrove with rapid traverse
El GGEJB B speed. Test it.

( )
Traverse indication on read-out

N G X Z F A
000000 9
I ol o - w~en you switch on the machine , on the
digital read-out appears 0 .

II G X Z F A
000000 9
0
- If you traverse in ~Z-direction, the
\ read-out darkens , the Z- l amp lights up.
)

2.3
J
---- --- - -- ---

Page 2. 5/Pius-Minus sign

( ) }

- If you t ake your finger off the Z-keys,

llG X ZF A
you see on the read-out the traverse
0 00 0 00
9 path i ndicated in thousandth of inch
sool o (with .5" traverse path you see the
n~bcr 5oo indicated).

1/GX "'""'Z F A
- If you press one of the )(-keys , the
0 0 0 0 00
9 lights jumps t o ')(. The traverse path
1oool o appears after you release the key (with
X • I" the read- out indicates looo)

2.5
~--------------------------------------------------------------P--Iu__
s-Minuss~

- If you take your finger off the Z-keys,

N G X Z F A
you see on the read-out the traverse
000000 9 path indicated in hundredth of em (with
sool o 5 ~ traverse path you see the nuab~r
5oo indi cated).

II G X Z
0000 00
"" F A
9 - If you press one of the X-keys, the
light ju~ps to X. The traverse path
1000 !o appears after you release the key (with
X = lo ~ the read-out indicates looo)
)

The plus- and minus sign

Reference and starting point for the

~ indication is always the position
of the s l ides when switch i ng on the
machine .

) Plus sign
II G X Z F A
000000
9 - If you move the cross or longitudinal
[ sool o slide into plus-direction, you see on
the digita l read-out only the nur.~er .

Nlnus Sign

N G X Z F A
- I f you move the s l ide £nto minus- direc-
000000 9 tion , you see on the left side of the
read- out a point.
I• sool o The point i ndicates the "- " sign.

\
)

2 .5
'
 Page 2 . 1 Inching ope ration
()

Inching operation

If you inch on one o f the f eed keys , a

pu lse is gi ven to the step motor .
The pul se moves t he slide by .000546"
On the read- out t h e f i gur e I is indica-
t ed (if it has been zero before ). Tne
comput er b rings .000546" to the nearest
1·ound figure . The rounded f igures are
indicated in thousandth of inch .

( ) ( )

S t eps (angle of Traver se path Indication/read-

s tep motor ) in inch out in 1/l ooo inch

I. pa t h ( 50) o , ooo546 I
2. pa th (l ov) o , oo l o9 1
3 . oath C1 5° ) o oo164 2
4 . path ( 2ov) o , oo218 2
s. pa t h (25 ) o , oo273 3
6. pa th ( )Ov) o , oo328 3

.
.
(> ( )

Note:Select inch or ll'.et ric i ndica tion

before switching on ma i n swi t ch.

EXERCISE:

I. Hove slides according to dra1·:i ng fron

point 0 (pos i tion t<he n s·.dtch i ng o n)
to point I and point 2.
0 2 . Check by p r essing key 8 whether lon-
gi tu<linal slide (Z - direction) and
cress slide ex-d i rec tion ) have moved
accordingly .
(. )

2. 7
 Inching operation

Inching operation

I f you inch on one of t he fe ed keys , <J

pul se is g ive n to t he s tep motor.
The pulse moves the s l ide by o , ol38 rrm.
On the read- out t he figure I i s indi ca-
ted (if i t has been zero before) . The
compute r b r ings o,ol38 lU ll to the neares t
r ound f igure . The rounded figures are
indicated .

Steps (angle of step Trave rse Read- out in

rr.-oto rs ) path (1r..<n) 1/loo rr<n
)
I . Step (5°) o , ol38 J
0
2. Step (Jo ) o,o277 3
3 . Step (J 5°) o , o416 4
0
4 . Step (2o ) o,o555 6
5 . St e p (25o) o , o694 7
0
6 . Step (3o ) o ,o833 8
7. Step (3 5°) o , o972 lo
0
8 . S t e p (4o ) o ,JI I II
9. St ep ( 45°) o , 125 12

l )

IOX8RCISE :

2-n-. ".,.
1 . l·!o ve slide s according to dra·.·dng from
point 0 (pos ition when swi t ching o n)
to poi nt I and point 2 .
1
/0 ~ l 2. Check by p ressing key G whether lon-
gitud i nal s lide (Z - direc tio n) and
c ross s lide (X - d i r ection) have rr.-oved
1.. 5,83 ..; accor di ng ly .

2. 7
 Switch over from X to Z

Switch over from X-traverse path Indication to Z-traverse path Indication

(without change In the slides position)

II G X Z F A
.,. . 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 ..~ ~
o ...Q;.,:B I 4201 o
r t'"/ r.'""

E1
000§3 El Exaltple :
[!J(IJ(IJEi} 0'~
BPB CD00§1 ,z, - Tho lar.p X ligh ts up. On tho digi t a l
read-out the traverse path in X-direc-
El G0EI8 El tion is indicated .

( )
""' . """'
II G X Z F A
0000 0 0 ~

g·C©;.B I 22ool 0

000 §3 El
rr/~:
0(IJ(IJEi} Ot~
- Press key 8 . The light j UJips fro:J x
E) to Z. The read-out sh~~s the trave rse
BPB CD00§1 ,z, path in Z- direction . I f you press key
1 ~1 aga in, the indication jumps back to
El G0EIB El X.

Zero positions on digital read-out

II G X Z F A
I I
0 ..~
""'. 0 00000 ~

o ".G.F·B I
rl'"lM
I 0 Press key iDEL I

000~ El
Only the value of the indicated ax is will
E1 be se t at zero.
00G~ Or3 If you want to set both axi s at zero , you
B P B CDCDITJ §1 ,z, have to change over the indication after
first de l e ti ng the Othet· ax i s (pt·ess ke y
El G0EI8 El E l) and press (DELl again .

SUHMR'i

The zero-point is the posi tion of tha

s lides wh en machine is switched on .

- After traverse of slides the zero-

I poi nt can be set ane'" by pressing key
(DELl in x- a nd Z- axis.

2.9
)
 Page 2 . 11 Input of traverse path

=[~ 0 You want t o traverse with the cross sl ide

fr= point 0 to Point 1, i.e . . 325" in
• 1 X- direction. Th e digital read-out shall
indicate va lue 0 at point I.
Proce dure : Exa :cple:

Traverse 1<i th slides f r o:'> poi nt 0 to

j \ I . X-lamp has to light up. and 2 . At point 2 the read-ou t shall indi - )
cate 0 for x -and Z-•;a lue .
2. Press key (Tiill. X-lamp blinks.
3. Put in . 325" • press IIJ [I)~ Attention :
4. Press key I HIPI You ca n put in t h e x -va l ue only if X-lan:p
lights up , and Z-va l ue only if Z- lamp
If you traverse with the slide in X-di- li<jhts up . s·.<ttching over fron x t<' z-
rec tion , the digital read-out will in - value indicat.i on by pressing keyl -1 .
di~ate x ~o at the end of the traver se
path.
2--9-J'
Input o f c inus-value
First put in figu res , the n press
key G .

( )

2. 11
 Input of traverse path
I

.,
Input of a certain traverse path

0 ~~~~!?!~~
You want to t rave r se ·.-ith th e c r oss slide
f ro.u point 0 to point I , i . e . 3,25 rrm in
C? x-d i rection. The digi t al read- out sha ll
[
1 i ndicate value o at poi nt I.

N G X Z F A
""'~ 0 0 0 0 0 0
o "A ~
Ou.Q;;,B
r:.../tt\1\
I I 0

)
E1 0001i3 §]
000~ lll3
~ #r ~ CD00 §J 'l' I. X- lamp h as to ligh t up .
EJ G0EJB 8 2 . Press key fiN~. x - lamp l i ghts .

3 . Put in 3 , 25 = press ll]~~

II G X Z F A
""'~ 000000 4. Press k e y !wP!.
0~ ~
OuQJ;,B I 3251 0 . If you traverse ·.-ith t h e slide in X-di rec-
tion , the digital read- out ·. <ill indicate
·~§ 000~ §] X=O a t the end o f the traverse path.
000~ f)l3
)
~#r~ CD00§J 'l' I npu t of minus-value

El G0EJB 8 First put in fi gures , then press key r:J .

Example :
2
Traverse with slides from point 0 to I
and 2. At point 2 t he l·e a d - o ut shal l ind i -
cate 0 f or X-and Z-va lue.
on
Atten t ion :
0 1
You can put in the x-value only i f X- lamp
~ lights up , and Z-val~1e o nly if Z-l amp
I lights up . S·,;itchi ng over f rom X to Z-
l--3,25 - value indication by pressing key 1-1 .

2. 11
 Page 2 . 13/ Input of traverse path

n <)

Example

r..-:orking in "' h.J nd - o pc ration" mode

Haterial : 1\lwninium
Cutting speed: 660 feet per minute
Feed size : .002 " per revolution
Ma x . depth of cut: .05"
Tool: righ t hand side t ool , carbide tipped

calcu l ate:
l. R. P.H.
2 . Feed ra t e ( l
3 . Bear in mi nd app l icat i on of right hand
side tool .

/"\J

i .J
__:;.. -
-&
. . --~ \
I 1
- .6"- ...
. 8"
16' ...j
() ( )

() ()
2. 13

J
 Input of traverse path

Example

!''or·k ing in "iland-operatio:i" t~de

Nate>:ial: aluminiun
Cutting speed: 2oo ~~/m in
Feed s i ze : o , o5 ~m/>:ev.
l·la x. depth o f c ut: 1 m:n
Tool: right hand side tool, carbide tipped

Calculate :
I. R.P . ~I.
2. Feed r ate
) 3 . Bear in mi nd application of r ight hand
side tool .

~
- I- ·- -&
~- -
l - - -1- ~ ,
T 1
I I i $

15-
---20 -
~------- 40 ------~

t )

I )

2.13
 Switching off step motors

Cutting-off Power of Step Motors

l'.'hen you s"i tell on t he c ach i ne, the step

rr~tors remain OFF until you have traversed
with the slides - either u11der "hand- ope-
l·ation " or "CN'C-operation .. and \"'ill then
continue to run until s witched off (see
belC'") .

Step n:otors r un hot •,;iJen not in use and i f

they are not requ i red fot· son:e time shou ld
be s·.;i tched off .

( )
Procedure (no program stored):
II GXZ FA
""'" 0 0 0 0 0 0 :::\, I . S',;itch to Ct:C-operation: press key
() "A
o ..~:B I 641 o
::!.r fH/Cl
2 . Press key (-.. 1 Light jumps to G
-~
8 0008 ~
000~ l'lt9
3. Put in[§!@] • Nurrber appears on
read-out .
B tifr E1 QJ00 §!. •t• 4 . Press !:ey liNP~ Step rr~tors are
El G0EJB B switched o f f .

( )

\~hen pt·cgram is stored

G6 4 is a pure s ·,itch fu nc tion . It is

IIGXZFA not stored in the rr.emory.
000000 9
·rg"":'
o .. 0 :::B
I. Press key 0 un t il l ar.. p G lights up.
. ..
I)
641 0
r,,-:.Jr,'r . 2. If a nur.ber a ppea rs on read- cut ,

El 0008 §g press key DEL .

000~ Ot9 3 . Press fill [1] .

BrifrEJ QJ00§l •!• 4. Press key)INP~ tile step c o tcrs are
I

El G0EJB El switched off.

\ )

2. 15
- ..-
---------------- -------- ----------

Page 2 . 17/ Po sltion of too l bit

( )
Scratching

A reference I starting point for lhe tool

bit has been chosen in the proc;rarr.s .
h~en the program starts, the tool bit must
· be in this pos i tion.
A very sicple ~~ thod is the scratching of
t he end- and tho cuts ide surface o f the
running ~orkpiecc .

u 2. 17
)
 Position of tool bit

Positioning the Tool for Programming Exercises

(without tool pre-setting gauge)

Z· value X·value

Scra tching

A r eference I star ting poi nt fqr t he tool

bit has been chosen i n t he progra ~s .
1..-n en the progr am starts, t he tool bit must
be in t h is posi t ion .
'y------r--~' II)
A very simple me thod is t he scratching of
the end- and the outs i de s ur f ace of the
r unnin9 wo rkpiece .

)
Pay attention:

!. Tool bit must be se t at cen t er he i ght.

2 . Angle ~ ~ust be large r than 9o0 , other -

wise you ca nnot face- tur n {compare
r i ght hand s i de tool) .

3 . Neve r move t he tool bit into a static-

nary .-:orkpiece , be c a us e edge of t ool
1

bit 1r.ay break .

\~hen scratching , the nain spindle must r un .

I

2. 17
 ----
------ ----
------

Page 2.19/ Posltlon oftool bit

Positioning the tool bit to program start position

(J I. ~:ove tool bit .o2!>" in +X- dlrection.

2. Move tool b it .o2!>" in +Z- direction .

T"ne t r aversed paths arc indi cated in x-

NGXZFA NGXZFA and Z- di r ection on r ead-out. By pressi ng
ooeooo oooeoo the ke)~the indication j~ps froo X
I 25 I I 25 1 to Z a nd vice - versa, without any traver se
o( the tool bit.

2.19
 Position of tool bit

Positioning

~al~t;_L_Zero-posi tion

- - ·- - I. S:;i tch to "hand- operation", set l <Y.< feed.

2 . Travers e ~-:ith t oo l bit that it scr atches

c ad of :<o r;:piece s l igh tly (~<ot·kpiece
r•,ust turn) .

3 . z - value indication to be set to 0

(press key DEL) .

-1-1:>-l<>c:>l- - . - - ~~-ue I ~-~si tion

I. ~:ovet ool bit so that you scratch out-
side surface slightly.

2 . Set X-l ndication to 0 (press key DEL) .

Positioning the tool bit to program start position

)
I. ~~ve tool bit 5 ~~ in +X- directi on.

2. 1-!ove tool bit 5 rr.rn in +Z-di rec tion.

5 .. 1 II

N G X Z F A
Tne t raversed paths are indicated in x-
000000 9 and Z-direct ion o n read-o ut. By pressing
the key the indication j umps froJ X
I• sool o to z and vi ce-versa, without any traverse
of the tool bit.

2. 19
J
 I
I

( I

3. CNC·Operation

( )

I. } Operating elements 3. 1
Summaries 3. 3-3.4
Metric/Inch machine 3; 5. 3. 6
NC-Machine 3. 7
CNC-Machlne - Main elements 3. 8. 3. 9
What happens in CNC-Manufacture? 3. 10 · 3. 13
CNC-Machine - Hand operated machine 3.15·3.17
Setting up an NC-program 3.19·3.31
Coordinate system 3.33
Description of traverse path 3.35
Kind of program 3.37
Geometrical information 3. 39-3.45
Feed 3.47
Preparatory functions (G·functions) 3.49
External structure 3.51·3.53
I} The format 3.55
 Page 3 . 1a

() (

Operating Elements CNC-Operation

(Summary)

Summary entries in to program s heet

and machine (inch)

1. Address N: Block numbers oo-95 (96

blocks)

2. Address G: Preparatory f unc tions

() GOO/G0 1/ G02/G03 ..... ()
3 . Address X: Traverse path in * X di-
rection .
!l~'!~l~.H_o_n.; 1/1ooo inch
without decimal point
Possibl e X-values: X=O to
x-;; T i999- (o- t~- i .999" J
4 . Address Z: Traverse of path i n t z
direction .
E~Ql.J,IJ;i£>'1:. 1/1ooo inch
without decimal poin t
Possi b le va l ues: Z=O to Z
;;; T 19999 - io- "t.:;- 19 . 999">

5. Address 1':
- Feed speed with preparatory functions
G01 /G02/G03/G84
u !l<iS.9.!\!..t1Q•U 1/1o inch per minute with -
( )
out decimal point .
!'2'!S_i2~e- ~'!.1~'!!'!: 1-199 tha t is
.1-19.9 inch pe r minute .

- Thread pitch •.·ith preparatory functions

!>33/G78
~e2~~u~iOE l 1/1ooo inch per revolution
without dec~mal point
~O_!!S_!b_!e_vj'll_!J<;!.S...i 1-1 99 that are pit-
ches from . oo1" to . 199" .

In the column "remarks" you note type o f

tools , cu tting spe ed , etc . , times, etc .
in t he column "s" the s pindle speed .

(.) ( )

3. 1a
 Operating Elements CNC-Operation
(Summary)

SUl·~'IAR'i - ENTRIES Ir-n'O P ROGRJI.'~'IING S HEET

Scheme

I. Address N
Block nu=bcrs 00 - 95 (96 blocks)

2. Address G
Path functions GOO/GO I/002 . . ..

3. Address X
Traverse path (coordi nati) in X-direc t ion
in hu ndredth of tMI; 0 - - 5999
Tne input 5999 correspo nds to 59, 99 u~
traverse path.

4 . Address Z
Traverse path (coordinate) in Z- di rection
in hundr edth of ~; 0 - ~39999
Tne input 39999 correstponds to 399 , 99 em
traverse path.

5 . Address F
I - Feed speed 0 - 499 rr~/min
- Th read pitch from 1-499 (in 1/loo c~)

6. Remarks:
I n this column you ente r notes s uch
as right hand side tool, boring t ool,
worki ng step, etc.

3. 1a
 c
0
-.;
...
('0
Q)
Q.
0I
0 (
z
0
...c
(/)

Q)
e
--w
Q)

......c0
0
0
"0
c('0
I
c
·-....0..
('0
Q)
Q.
0

3. 1b
J
 - - _.. ~

l. Main switch ~. Switch key: hand-operation to CNC- 12. 7 . Thei- l key

Turn key to the right . M~chine and con-
trol system arc energized.
2. Control lamo - main switch
When main switch is on, control lamp
(2) is on.
3 . Emcrgcnsy-stop- button
Wnen pushing the emergency-stop-button
.you cut the current f rom the main mo-
tor, feed motors and control unit.
~~~~~2~2~~2-~~£~2£~s~=~~~~=~~~~~~l
Turn button to the loft . Switch on
main switch .
4 . Display of main spindle speed
p GIX/Z/F
.....
()
5 . Main spindle button (on/off)
6 . Swi tch f or option between inch or
metr ic programming (only us- machine
version) .
oporation When operating the 1~1 key, the
If you press the key HIC, tho light display zignal will jump forward
jumps from control lamp hand-operation word by word . The recorded values
to control lamp CNC- operation. If you will be shown.
N-G - x - z~F
press agai~the light jumps b ack .
13 . The display
1o. Control l amp - CNC-operation Indica ting tho number values of the re-
lative words and the various a l arm codes.
11. Start key !START!
When operating the start key, the re- 14 . Indication lamp f or addresses
corded program will start .
N I G I X I zI F
15 . Ala rm l amp
12. Key board for i nput of program,
correction of program, etc.
drive
(compare also detailed explanation)
1 2 • 1. Kcyz @} to [2]
Theze keys serve for input o f
number combinationc for addresses "'
12.2 . Minus key B
'!>'hen you press the key G aft er
input of X or Z numbers, thccc ®
wil l be recorded in thy memory as

7 . Ammeter for drive motor o f main

spindle
minus value.
12. 3. Input key IINPI
When pressing the input key ~.
you r ecord the value in the me-
mory .
-· · 18
17. Perforated disc
nera tor
wi~h
17
-
impul se ge-

Tne ammeter indi cates the actual cur-
r ent consumption of the drive motor.
To protect the motor agai ns t overload,
the current consumption muct not e x-
ceed 2 ~~pe rc at continuous operation .
The load can be diminished by r educing
depth of cut, feed rate or belt posi-
tion . (safe range)
8 . Cassett e dock (acccssorv)
12 . 4 • Delete key !DELi
12.5 . Reverse l<cy IREVJ
The display signal will jump back
block by block, when operating
IREVl
12 . 6 . Forward key !FivDJ
'.!"he display signal ...i ll jump f or-
ward block by block (NOO - N01 -
N02 e t c . ) .
To synchronize main spindle drive and
feed drives; besides that for display
of zpindle speeds .
1~ . Perforated disc with impulse ge-
nerator
To control load of drive motor of main
spindle.
Sec ~lso p~ge 1. 1, chapter: Load control
of motor.
 Page 3.4/ Summary

)
( ) 0

2 . TAPE OPERATIC~ Operation

AOS Tape end with SAVE Program hold

A09 Pro2ram not found; no G22 pr~rruuned Press key (It1Pf + (F't1Dl
on t ape
Pro2ram interruption
AIO Writing protection active Press ke y (IN P) + (REV)
All LOading mistal<e Delete program
Al2 Cl!ecl<ing mistal<e First press @IDJ then (INPf
Block n~-~er mus t be i ndicated.
( )
( ) Delete alarm
Press key ImP) + IREvf
3. ONLY NITH ~!E'l'RIC/INCH TYPE fo'.ACHHIE
Correcti on of input
Al3 Incii/Hil limeter change over with
Press key~ put in correct value ,
f ull program c~~o•y
press key (INP!.
Al4 wrong path di mens i on for loaded
prog r am Cassette tape ope ration

See chapter 7

The system of axes

Inputs -z
Plus -~linu s inputs of X,Z- values ( )
J
Plus inputs : Figures to be put in with-
out sign
Minus i mputs : after input o f figures
press key E) .

Input of figures

l)

3.4
/
 Page 3.3 / I nch Summary

( )
Summary

Path functions - Block form ats 92:~ - Lone). turni ng cyc_!e (c an cycle )
+ +
N . . /G8 4/ X- .. .• /Z- .. ... /P ...
GOO Positi oning with rapi d t r averse
x-axi s: + G6 5 Hagnetic tape opera tion
N•./GOO/X- ..• ./
G65
Z-a xis :
+ , , , ,/
II, ./GOO/ XsO/Z;-, G6 4 St ep ootor without powe r =
(does not go in to u.emory, bu t is a
siu:ple s witch funct ion)
GOI Li nea r I nterpolat ion
x-axis:
II, . /GOI/X-+ .... /Z=O/F . • .
( ) ( )
z-axis: +
IL ./GOI/X• O/Z- ..•• ./F
Taper : + +
II . . /GOI/X- .... /Z- .. , .. /F ...

G02 Ci r c ul ar i nterpolation (clockwise )

+ Alarm signs
II .• /G02/X-. . . . /P • .•

I. CNC-Ope r at.ion
G03 Circ ula r inte rpolation (counter-
clockl..-i so ) AOO Wrong G-instruct i on
+
N • ./G03/X- . . . . /F . • .
AOI Wrong radius inout
Possi b l e radii: / So/l oo/1 5o/ 2oo/
G20 Hold 250 ... .•... ... 1950
II .. /G20 {
A02 \;rang x-value
X=O t o x· ~ 1999 possible
G21 Empty li ne
N . • / G21 A03 Wrong F-value
Fl to F499 possible
G22 Program end 1104 \;rang z-'va lue
N •• /G22 . +
z;o to zc - 1 999~ possible

AOS l!o G22-instruction programr.:ed

G33 Threading
+ 1\06 ~:ai n spindle s peed too h i gh for
N. . /G33/X• O/Z- .... • /F ...
th r eading

G78 Threadi ng cycle A07 Wrong taper

N• ./G78/X-+ ... . /Z-+ . ... ./F .. • Tapers x: Z = (1 -39 ):(1-39) possible
'
u
3.3
 Summary

Summary

Path functions - Block formats G94 LOng. turning cycle (can cycle )
+ +
N.. /G64/X- .... /Z- .•.•. /F ...
GOO Positioning with ~apid traverse
x-axis: G6S Hagne tic tape operation
+
N •• /GOO/X- .... I
G65
z-axis :
+
N •• /GOO/X=O/Z=- •.... I C-64 Step c:otor without power -
(does not go into memory, but is a
simp l e switch function)
GO I Linear Interpolation
x-axis:
+
N •• /GOI/X- ... ./Z=O/F ...
( ) z-axis:
N.. /GOI/X=O/Z-+ ....• /P
Taper:
N.. /GOI /X-+ .... /Z-+ .. .. ./P ...

G02 Circu l ar interpola tion (clockwise)

+ ... Alarm signs
N •• /G02/X-. /F •..

I. CNC-Operation
G03 Circular interpolation (counter-
c l ock•dse) AOO Wrong G-instruction
+
N, ./G03/X- . . . . / F .•.
AOI Wrong radius input
/1'. oo Possible radii: 25/So/loo/1So/2oo/
G20. llold .... 59oo
N •• /G20
) A02 Wrong x-value
+
X=O to Xc -S9oo possibl e
G21 Empty line
N• ./G21 A03 Wrong F- value
Fl to F499 possible
M 30
G22- Program end A04 1\rong Z-value
N •• /G22 Z=O to Z= t39999 possible

A05 r:o G22-ins truction prograr.;ned

G33 Threading
+ AOO Main spindle speed too high for
N,./G33/X=O/Z-..... /F ...
threading .

G78 Threading cycle A07 1-lrong taper

+ +
N • ./G78/X- •..• /Z- .... ./F ... Tapers X: Z = (1 -39 ): (1 -39 ) possib l e
\

3.3
Summary

2. TAPE OPERATION Operation

1108 Tape end with SAVE

A09 Pro2ram not found; no G22 2ro2r ammed

on t a2 c

Al O Writing 2rotection active

All Loading mistake

111 2 Chccl<in2 ol.stake

3. ONLY I~ITH HETRIC/INCII TYPE HACIIINE

1113 I nch/Millime ter change over with

full program memory

1114 Wrong path dimension for loaded

program

See chapter 7

The system of axes

Inputs -z
Plus -:•linus inputs of x, z - valucs

Plus inputs: Figures to be put in wi th-

out s i gn
~linus imput s: afte r input of figures
pr ess l<ey EJ .

Input of figures

X,Z values in hundredth of m~

F-values in ~m/min
Thread pitches in hundredth of m~ .

( )

3. 4
 Page 3.6/ Metric/Inch machine

( )

Further technical data Alarm A14

Rapid traverse feed: 2, 75 in~h/rnin Only with tape oparation, mode o f opera-
tion LOAD.
Feed "hand-operation": o ,4- 16 inch/ min
You find a code on the tape indicating
Conversion for i nch feeds "hand-opera- whethe r the stored data are in metr i c o r
tion: inch.

rr.m/min Inch/min ~~~!:'~!~.:.

lo 0 4 Program is metric
25 I You l oad program from tape to merr~ry.
5o 2
leo 4 At the end of tho load operat ion it is
2oo 8 checked : is select ion k nob me tric/in ch
3oo 12 or me tric?
\. )
4oo 16 If not , alarm A14 appears .

!!!::.e~y.:-
Switch over selection knob to metric ,
alarm sign disappears .

Calculation of actual traverse paths:

Metric traverse path:

llwnber of steps
• traverse path in ~~
72

() Inch traverse path: )

llwrber of steps Traverse path
72 : 25,4 -
in inch

Steps (angle of Traverse path Indication/read- l

step motor l in inch out in 1/1ooo inch
..
I. path (50) o;Ooo5 46 1
2. oath ( 10") . o,oolo9 I
3. -;:;-ath - ( 15°1 o.oo l64 2
4. path ( 2o0 ) o,oo218 2
s. oath (25 ) o,oo273 3
6. path (3o") o,oo328 j

. .
. .
. .
I
u
•
;j.t)
 Page 3 . sJMetric/lnch machine

()

The Metric/Inch Machine-Version

You turn the knob to SHi tch over fro:~

me t r ic to inch data input.

Condition :

Tne w~chi ne memory must be empty, when

s•..,itching over, this is valid for "hand
operation" or "CNC-operation". Ot her-
•.;ise alarm J\13 is i ndicated .

Measures:
() I. Press lxNPj +!REV~ alarm sign disappears ( )
2. Delete inch or metric program

Input for Inch operation Maximum Input sizes

1. Input of X- and z - values: X-va l ues:

X=O to X=·+ 1999 (1/l ooo inch)
in o,ool inch . The values are put in
Otherwise ·~uarm ·J\02
without decimal poin t.
~~~~l?!~l
z- values :
( ) x- value = o,l34" (
I nput: 134 Z=O to Z= !19999
Otherwi se alarm A04
2. Input of thread pitches :

Pitch in thous andth o f a inch (1/l ooo). Feeds:

~~~~~!~:. F=l to F=l99 (in 1/lo inch per minute);
otherwise alarm A03
Tnread with 2o tpi
I i nch : 2o ~ o,oS
Pi tch P is therefore o , oS" · Radii:
Input: So
So,loo,l5o,2oo 19So (1/looo inch);
3. Input of feed: otherwise alarm AOI

Feed = 1,2 inch/min

Input F = 12

u
3.5
 Metric/I nch machine

The Metric/Inch Machine-Version

You turn the knob to s·.<itch over from

metri c to inch data i nput .

Condition:

The mach i ne a.emory must be empty, when

s wi tching over , this is valid for "ha nd
operation" or "CUe-operation" . Other-
wise alarm A1 3 is indicated.

~easures:

1. Press (!@ +!REV~ alarm sign disappears

2 . Delete i nch or cetric pr ogram
)

Input for Inch operation Maximum input sizes

I. Input of X- and z-values: x- valoes:

---------
X=O to X= ±2999 (1/l ooo inch}
in o , oo l inch. The values a r e pu t in Other.;ise alar o A02
wi th out deci oal point.

~~~~!.?!!~ Z-values :
x-value • o ,1 34'' ---------
Z=O to Z= ±19999
Input: 134
Otherwise alarm A04
( ) 2 . Input of thread pitches :

Pitch in thousandth of a inch (1/1 000). Feeds:

Fa t t o F=l99 (in 1/lo inch per minute};
~~!!~!.?!!!~ otherwise a l arm A03
Tnread with 2o tpi
I i nch : 2o = o,o5
Pitch P is therefore o , oS" Radii:
Input: So
5o, too, !So, 2oo . .. 29So (1/1 ->00 i n ch} ;
3 . Input o f feed: o therwise alaro AOI

Feed • 1, 2 i nch/min
Input F = 12

3.5
Metric/Inch machine

-----------------------------------
Further technical data AlarmA14
Rapi d traverse feed : 2, 75 inch/min Only wi th tape operation, r:ode of opera-
tion LOAD.
Feed "hand-operation": o, 4- 1 , 6 i nch/ min
You f ind a code on the tape indicating
Conversion for i nch feeds "hand-o,eera whethe r the s t ored d a t a are in me t ric or
t i on: i nch .

m::l/ml n Inch/min ~~!!~~ !~~

lo o.4 Program i s ffietr ic
25 l You l oad program froo tape to memor y.
5o 2
loo 4 At the end of the l oad operation i t i s
2oo 8 checked: is selecti on knob metr i c/inch
3oo 12 or t:etri c?
4oo 16 If not , alarm Al4 appears .

~:!:-:3'1.:-
Swi tch over se lecti on knob to rr~ tric ,
alar~ s i gn disappears .

Calculation of act ual traverse paths:

~~et r ic traverse 2ath:

Nunber o f ste2s
• traverse pat h i n rnrn
72

Inch traverse 2a th :
)
Nurrber o f ste2s Travers e path
72 : 25 ,4 - i n i nch

Steps (ang l e of Tra verse path I nd ica tion/ read-

step r:otor) in i nch out in 1/looo inch

1. path (50) o, ooo546 l

2. path (l oy) o, oo l o9 I
3. oat h (I SO) 0 ool64 2
4. path (2o0 ) o , oo2 18 2
5. path (25 ) o, oo273 3
6 . path ( Joy) o , o o328 3

.
.
)

3. 6
 NC-machine

What is a CNC-Machine?

- A machine which we feed with figures

and letters
= DATA INPUT

- A machine which "understands" the

data , which processes it and calc u-
lates
= DATA PROCESSING

- A machine which passes on this data

and calculated values in form of in-
)
structions
= EXECUTION

NC-1-!ACHINE

CNC
~ AC

Computer-numeri - Specialis ts Adaptive control

cally controlled (control system adapts
Direct numerica lly con-
i tself to changed work-
trol l ed (direct elec-
i ng conditions)
tronic input of program
via cable)

( )

Meanings in daily use

These meanings change quite often in Today NC- machines comprise all types
their daily use. NC-~4chines were origi- CNC, DNC or AC types .
nally W4Chines with nurr.erical control,
but no microprocessor. Today such rna-
chines are obsolete . The program was
read in direct ly fro m the perforat ed
tape.
' )

3. 7
CNC-machlne - Main elements

CNC - Machine - Main Elements -

A "humanized" Comparsion

. '
Data Input: - Data on digital read·out
'
Via keys or magnetic tape

(
Interlace element: Output element
can be compared to -+ Lei's call him
a secretary press speaker.
Central Processing Unit
o Microprocessor. Let's
call it the director.
He delegates, takes de·
cision, calculates.
A watch gives him the
. feeling lor time, but
he does not have any
specialist knowledge.

Operating program
(EPROM) =
• ' Memory = RAM
Remembers the
specialists. program
They know
everything.

Output element (Inter·

lace): Chief operator.
He receives orders and
passes them on.

l
Machine Amplifier (foreman)

3. 8
---------------------- - CNC-machine - Main element:
-
CNC-Machlne Main Elements
Digital read·out

Central processing
' unit ~ Microprocessor

Inte rlace element Output element

(secretary) ~I (press speaker)

\ )
Operating p rogram =
EPRO MS (Specialists)

3.9
 What happens in CNC-manu facture?

)
What happens in CNC-Manufacture?
Digital read-out

Interface element Output elem en t

(secretary) (press s:leaker)

Amplifier
(foreman) 7
CNC·Mac hine

3. 11
 What happens In CNC-manufac ture?

-------------------------------
)

What happens In CNC-Manufacture?

h~at k n~~ledqo i s necessary i n order to manu fac ture , usinq a hand

oper ated or a CNC lathe?

___,,.
,
••
__ ~

Aluminium

Hand operated machine NC·machlne

3.13
 CNC-machlne - Hand operated machine

Differences in Manufacture using a

hand-operated or a CNC-Machine

(Summa ry)
H<>nd ope rated r.achine CNC-machine

L£~-~~
r,;;;-

'o '--Ill T

~' :1
:.-
Necessary Infermatlon

Techn i ca l drawing
)

--l /
.•.

Necessary m eans

Lathe v
Chucking devi ces
(chuck , center , e t c . ) v
)
Turning tool
..;

(to e xecute ope rat ion)

Reading of t echnic a l
dra·.. i ng v
Kna.. ledge about ch aracter-
is tics of tur ning tools
v
~~
Rough ing tool

Copying tool
)
Side tool
etc .

3.15
.
 CNC-machlne - Hand operated machine
·--------------------------------------------------- ·--
Differences In manufacture, using a
)
Hand operated or a CNC-machine -
Continued

Hand operated ~ach ine C!IC- machine

Technological information

+ Cutting speed depending on

- materia l of workpiece
- tool (HSS, carbide tipped)
- turning operation such as
roughing, finishing,
sere" cutting
I l

+ Feed ra t e

+ Cutting depth

+ Per f ormance a nd di mensions

o f machine

Execution

Operator must knO'd ho·-< + Writing the NC- program

\ )
to control the machine
..•
... ~- :.:.

+ Input of ~;c-program

l il l:= ~

+ Preparing the machine

+ Exe cution

3. 17
 Program

~--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~~

Setting up an NC-Program

Scheme

Technol ogical Info I Geottetrical Info l

/

Kn~Nledge is necessary
concer ning machine and
syste~ of contro l

IProgram input l
Operator oust be a•Nare

II
of different input pos-
sibilities (input di-
rectly on oach ine, in-
put via perforat ed
tape, via magnet i c
IHachine tape, etc .)

l )

3. 19
 Program

What is Programming?
Programming lt.<:!ans to feed t he compu-
ter with such data which it under-
stands.

In other -...·ords , "'e have to "spoon-feed ..

the co ~puter , list the data in order l y
sequence and in a l anguage wh ich is fa-
o i liar to the computer, which it un-
derstands", so it can process the infor-
mation.
~WIT'H WA
TIIRN OF 6 "''"

The operator does not understand the The CNC-mach i ne does not understand the
Chinese corrmands , because he does no t human l a nguage.
speak this language.

( )

We have to feed t he CNC-machine with

da t a in a language it will understand .
I ) Th is l anguage is " encoded" .

3.21
 Program

Setting up a program structure

To learn programming ceans to learn to

write d~~n instructions which the other
will understand; and this without pre-
suming that the one who executes has
speci a l kn~~ledges or will correct
wrong or uncomp l ete instructions .

With which Information do we have

to feed the computer?
Experts from various fields sat together
and discussed h~~ such listings of in-

( . structions could be structured.

Aim: Simpl e , not depending on a certain

language, practice- oriented,
useable for all machine tools .

Procedure :

I . Analysis of operations on machine

tools

l I
Determining of program structure .

\ )

3.23
 Program

WITH WHICH INFORHATION DO WE HAVE TO

FEED THE CO:•!PUTER'?

Basically the sar.:e information . l·: hich

we wou ld h ave to give to so:::eone, '<ho
has to manufacture a workpiece on a
hand- operated machine tool , but who
does not kna.: tu r ning.

I n other words: you have to give turn-

ing instructions to someone . But this
someone on the machine does not kno-.,•
a nything about tur ning and j us t fol-
lO'o'S bli nd ly you r instruc tions.

( You kno,. how t o do it? - 20

l>'hy not try: Wri te the ins tt·uctions

do-.·m, o r give them directly to a man
-r--
on the machine .
~~~~~!~~
.
- ~ ---~- - -~ --· ...
_L __
The man on the machine has to turn a
shoulder . Tool bi t position as indi -
cated in the l eft hand dra•,;ing .
Hate r ia l:
Aluminium

Hachine per f ormance like Compact 5 CNC.

The turning operation should be done
as economically as poss ible. The main
spindle is a l ready r unni ng .

( ) ~!}~~~~!0-~~~t?!~~ PS : ¥our car will hard l y reach the

Try to give instruc tions to someone to
drive the car out of the garage, who
does not kna,; h o,; to drive a car. ¥our
partner is only auo,;ed to follO'n your
instructions blindly.
stree t without a bump , because you
wil l mos t probab l y give unclear in-
structions a nd these maybe in a mis -
leading sequence .•.

3.25
 Program

)
Determination of program
A talk bet~een a progra~~ing specialist
and an operator could run as fol lo~s :
The specialist wants information h~~
the workpiece (co=pare exampl e of pre-
vious page) is being canuf actured.

~l?~:!~!~~E.:
May I sum up?
You rr..ove

) - +- s
--.f. • ·~ - - .
the cross slide
by 6 rr.~
_ L _ -~ __.._ away from you
speed can be such , tha t you still
can read the handwheel scale.

~!:!!:!!!:~:.:.
Ho xt operation : I r.ove t he longitudi nal
s lide by 2 1 rJD .

~e~:~!!g!!~.:.
In which direction?
~~~:!!!!~!: !:.:.
Please expl a in to ~e . what you do in
order to manufac t ure thi s workpiece? I ~!::!!!:~!::.:.
see that the tool bit is counted and Towards the headstock.
the main spindle is running.
~(?!!~!~!! !!~.:.
~~!::!!!:~!::.:. 00 you move at a certain speed?
-z o;ove the cross s lide by 6 IUD .

~!:!:!!!~!::.:.
~E~:!!!g;;:!;.:.
Yes . This feed is selected by myse lf. It
In •.rhich direction? You can move it to-
depends on the raw material , the mate ri-
wards you or away from you.
a l of the t ool bit, the surface of the
workpiece to be achieved and on a few
<?!?~:!!~~: :. other factors .
I move i t away from me .
~e!::!~!!!!~.:.
~e!::!!!!!!!~.: I sum up:
Do you have to do this at a certain speed? You move
the l ong itud inal slide
~!::!!~~:.: by 21 IUD
in dire ction headstock
No, but t he quicker I do it , the more
at a cert ai n f eed rate
economical it ·.<ill be . But 1 still
must be able to read the sca l e on the Thank you Hr. Operator, I shall take
handwheel. e ve ry}hing into account !

3. 27/3. 29
 Program

(
Brain storming of the specialists, program structure

7horo a r e r~ny di f f erent ~ ra tions on For the instrucl iona on lonqitudir.al a r~

a C4Cht no ~1. He• do 1 ~e f ine l ongi- cress slide CIO'Ie!:ents 1 l 4k e the
t udina l or cross turning or scre~ ·cut•
tinQ? Of t e n I repeat c~r tain slide ·x~ r te s-coo rdi na tca-Sv•t•~ . right h L~
C.O\'O::ente in cyc l e s; I r.eed a code• turninq .
wo rd o r a code· ~u:~c r. ror exarple I
take lho lottor G and add ~ f igure. z = l ongitudinal s lide
X = Cress slide
'i'he directions a r (! i nd i cated "' lth !ai9n.

Absolut e or 1 ~c re =en ta l7
~~ich lr.put f ineness?
o , I m , · O, o l r..:l o r o,ool r..=?

t )

( )
h"hat else d o I have to proq r &::~?

Feed: I ta~e the code- le tte r F

Spindle speed: Code-lc t tor S
e tc .
7his is all put t~tthcr in 4 llat .

The determining of a program structure

....~as of course a 'n'Ol:k of years , a ·nori<
of many specialis ts. The foll~~ing pa-
ges will bring de t a ils on t he program
structu>:e valid for all machi ne too ls
which is standardized accor ding DIN
66o2 5 .

3.31
J
 Coordinate system

Th e coordinate sys tem on NC-machlnes

The information "move l ongitudinal slide

in direction headstock" is a very long
one . Besides that , in each language it
would be different . Tnat ' s why the tra-
verse path ~~ver.en ts with machine t ools
a re described within the coordinate
system.

Coordinate systeo on lathes

( l

Z-axis • Axis paral l e l to the turning

axis
X-axis • Axis recta ngular to the turn -
ing axis
- Z movecc nt = u.ovement of l ongitudinal
slide in di r ection of
headstock
+Z mover.ent • u.oveocent of longitudinal
slide a-.·ay fro::> headstock
- x movement • see drawing
+X rooverr~nt • see drawing

3.33
 Description of traverse path

The coordinate system

The description of traverse path

Do you rer:cmber the sur..rr.ary of the spe-

cialist?

You move
the longitudinal slide
in direction headstock
by 21 run
at a certain feed rate

With the help of the coordinate system

we can say it sir:p ler:

Verbal instructi on: c::c- instruction:

-------------------
~:ovelongitudinal slide
Hove longitudinal slide in direc-
tion bf headstock
~:ove longitudina l slide by 2 1
in direction of headstock
to cove in Z-direc tion
to r:ove in -z direction
U.'ll = to move i n -z direction by 2 1 rrm.
The Ct;C- instruction is Z- 2 1 rrn.

3.35
 Prog ram

Concept of Programming - Methods of Programming

) Bas ica lly there a re t .:o methods to des-
cr ibe the path : absolu t e or incr emental.

~ I Absolute
The path i n formation is given from a
star t ing poi nt.

;,..- ..:::>

Incremental
Each point (place) is the reference
point (place ) for the following mea-
s urerr.ent.

3. 37
Jl

' 8 IMPORTANCE OF NC-MACHINES - NC-TRAINING

Development of Mr. John Pearson and the M. I.T . (l~assachusetts Institute

r.;c-r..5chines of Technology) developed 1952 on behalf of the US-Air-
Force the first numerically-controlled machine tool for
the production of particularly complicated workpiece&.
Due to the high costs and the vol uminous size of the con-
trol unit and because of the complicated operation and
maintenance, one could hardly icaginc that this technology
could be used on a broad basis . But the first step was
. · made and this control type was further developed .

So~ I S years ago NC-machines were extremely costl y and

only very few companies had the courage and the conviction
to invest in this new techno logy.

Froo 1975 on, the production of NC-machines gre~ enormously .

~~e mai n reason for the sudden increase was certainly t he
development of the microprocessors. The use of NC-machines
/
in this way was first attractive to large , u~dium and s mall
~~nufacturing cocpanies. Today the cost of, for exampl e, a
control unit with a much larger capacity will only cost a
t wenty-fifth as ouch as compared to 1968. The initial mis-
r trust as to the reliability of electrical control has u~an­
I
while disappeared; the machi ne break -da~ns caused by defec-
tive controls are bel~~ one percent.

f'uture of 1\C- Lower purchase prices, higher cut ting capacity, p rec ision,
a:ach!nes speed, longer life, easy progra~ng will fur ther increase
the number of NC-machines: experts estimate that the nurrber
will quintupl e unt i l 199o.

~nY r.;C-training? In nearly all manufacturing companies there is high demand

f or NC-trained personnel and this demand will sharply in-
cre·ase in the future. Therefore training is of utmost impor-

( )

J
 Geometrical Information

Geometrical Information
The geome trical information is in the
t echnica l dra~ing .
Lettering of drawing
Can be done according to the incre::.on-
tal or to the absolute system. In 10any
cases you find a corrbinat ion of these
ti<O s ystems : increnental and absolu te .

Absolute system Incremental system

~here is one point of t·e ference . Each measureme nt is based on the pre-
vious o ne.

r· ·-t.
t-·-
~
t
·-r--1-·- .
b
____i
r./1
~

0
....
--t '
b ·-t j
.
"i ;

10 ~10 J__15 -i-.12-

25
- 37
I
.. j

Combined system
The measurements I and 2 are absolute
ones , i . e . based on one poin t of re-
ference . The measurements 3 and 4 arc
increr..ental ones.

,~----- --- -- -@

---- ----®

3.39
)
 Geometrical information

Methods of Programming
In the program you have describe in each
block t he path of the turning tool . Basi-
cally there are t•o·o methods to describe
th i s path.

Absolute system Incremental system

r ) The path information given to the
turning too l s i s always calculated
from a definite starting point.
Here the pcsi tion of the turning
tool is given as its distance f rom
the preceding final pos i tion. The
zero re f erence point f or each path
informat ion is the actual pos iti on
of the tool bit.

-x
2 1 (Jq,
IS
4 3 -i
1/ •"'
o ·~
(~
"'~ -
5 !/ l l +Z
-z
~
( )

+X +X

X z X z
-3 0 -3 0
-3 -2 S' 0 -z.s
-Z -2 5 1 0
-2 _t; 0 --IS
0 -6 l -2.
)

3. 41
 Geometrical In formation

Exercises

The absolu te system

Enter tho measure:::e nts for

points 1,2 , 3,4 in t he ab-
so lute sys tem.

X Z

The incremental system

Each refe r ence point beco:::es
L -~ -x -~
a ne~ zero re f e rence point.
Put tho t r ansparent p aper
- s heet (coordina tes ma ~ked)
I
~ onto the drawing and cove it

·+
--:2
.. f rom re ference point 0 t o re-
·-1
1 ference poi nt I, etc .
I
-1 2 3 <l z X Z

l ) ~1 .
.
2· I 04
3 I
~3 .
+X
-~

-X ·- ·2,
- · 2t -x I
1 --1
-1
2. ·3 ·2 -1 2f. 2
4 ·3 -1 ~1 I 2 3 4 .1
-z +Z -z +Z

l - 3. ·~f t. -+
-
•• +
~

3.43
 Geometrical In formation

Advantages - Disadvantages

The C<*IPAC1' 5 CNC is proqrar::::ed in the

incre~ntal system!

I t is useful to enter into the tech-

nical drawing auxiliary dirr.ensione , so
you a void calculation work duri ng the
progra ~~ing itself .

--· . -
r-10· - 15-
25

Abso l ute s ystem Increrr.ental system

Advantage: Advantage:
If you have to change the position of This system is in many cases simpler.
point 1, all othe r points still re-
main unchanged. Disadvantage:
Disadvantage: If you have to change one point, a ll
follcwinq enos will have to be
In scme cases more di fficult changed as well.

Point I has to be changed to poin t 1'. Since point I was changed, also the
The description for points 2 and 3 re- description for points 2 and 2
cains unchanged. chanqes.

X z X z X z X z
- 1 -1 - -l,S' - O!i . -1. -1 - O.t;
l I _ /( -2.S --1 - 'L,> . 0 - ,., S' OS -Z
0 -l.~ 0 -ZS' 4 0 0

3. 45
 Pa9e 3. 4 7/Feed

() The feed (F)

Por the feed size or feed speed the

letter P is used .
.!..!.._~ Size(F1)

incM ev
--H-;;.;.~m/rev
I. Peed size: inch

Is indicated in inch per ma in spindle Is indicated in rrm per ma in spindle

revolution r evo lution

r1 = inch/rev. F1 = m:n/rev.
( ) (

rml/min
inchifnln

Inch Z.!etric

• Movement of t oolbit (in inch) per ni-

nute. 1. = Path i n inch
= Hove::ent of t ool b it (in m:nl
nute. L = Path in rr.rn
per mi-
f'2 -
1.
min
[ I~ch]
m1n.
L
min

Conversions
Inch Metric
( I ( )
Feed size (FI l to feed speed (F 2 l Feed size (F 1l to feed speed IF2l

r 2 Gnch]=
min. s[r~vJ p cnch]
m1n. x 1 rev. l =
F2lmin . = J s[rev· J ~ x FI [= J
rev.

Feed speed (F 2 l to feed size (f'l )

f' l [_!.nchl =
rev.j
F l inch]

s
2 linin.
crev]
oin .
F1 c- l
revj =

s • Main spindle speed S = Main spindle speed

On industrial oachines you r.!ay pu t in Ni th the CO!·IPI\CT 5 CNC the feed does
not depend on the spindle speed, so
the feed in mm/re v . and run/min . On the
C~~PACT 5 CNC the food is put in i n
you have to calculate t he f eed size or
u IMI/min.
look for it in tho chart .
 Feed

The feed (F)

Fo r the feed size or feed speed t he

l e t te r F i s used .

I. Feed s i ze

Is i ndica t ed in ~~/~ain spi nd l e revol u-

tion .
- -++,._:;11-'D/ U
F = m.:n/ r ev .
)
2 . Feed sp eed

= MOvement o f t ool bit p er ninute

s (rr,'D / min )
run/ mi n F "--
mi n
On indus tria l cach i nes you ~4Y put in
the feed in m:n/rev and r..::>/ min . On the
Compac t 5 C~C t he f eed is put in i n
tt.:n/min.

Convers ion:

Fe ed speed (mm/ mi n) Hain spindl e speed (rev/min) x f eed size ( rr.::~/rev)

) IF (r..m/min) • S (rev/min) x F ( l:.lll/ rev )

Feed speed (rrm/ cin)

Feed s i ze (~il/rev ) •
Hain spind l e speed (rev/min)

F (m.11/min)
F (rrm/rev) a
S (rev/min)

With the Con:pact 5 CIIC the feed depend s nol

on the spindle s peed , s o you have t o
)
ca l c ulate the f eed size or l ook f or it
i n the char t\

3. 47
 G-functlons

Preparatory functions (G-functions)

The patfl f unctions are defined according

DIN 66o25 and ISO , t he meanirlg o f which
.:ill be exp l ained in the follc·,:i ng chap-
t ers.

GOO Slides toove only at rapid traverse

speed .

()

>< + GOI

G02
Slides rr.ove at right angles and/ or at
progra~~e d ang les with progra~~e d feed .

Turning tool f oll<YoS a quarter part o f

ci rc um ference i n c l ockwise d ire ction.

G03 Turni ng tool f ol l <Y•s a quarter par t of

circ umfe rence in counter c loc:<~·dse di-
recti o n.

G20 Progran stop: in order to carry out

~easu ri ng j obs or tool change , e tc.

G2 1 Hold
( )
G22 Program end

G33 Th read cutting

G78 Thread c utting cycle

E ·f· ] G84 Turning tool carries out f ixed cyc le

(c anned cycle) .

G64 Ste p cr:otors s•,:i t ched "off"

G65 Cass e tte t ape opet·a t ion

l )

3. 49
 Page 3. 5Yfxternal structure

n ( )

-The words of the COMPACT 5 CNC

I. l1or d: 4. 1\ord:
Address letter N Address letter z and n urr~ers

The f irst colurrm carries t he b l ock z means z-axis . The numbers indicate the
number . traverse path in Z-d irection . Z +2o5o
You put in: 00 (first s t ep o f operation) means 2 .o5o" in plus Z-direction.
01 (2nd s tep of operation)
etc . N G X z F Bern

N G X z F E .00 Otl-
-- - 42.5" 1 ~50
Q.L _QL
00 - ()
01 .

5. 1\ord:
2. l~ord: Address l e tter F and numbers
Address letter G and numbers F is the abbreviation of " feed" . FIOO
G is the sycbol for t he operation tube means a f eed of l o inch per minute.
done . Each number means a certain ~~ve ­
ment, e .g. ol straight line u.ovement, N G X z F Bem
o3 circular rr.~vement, etc.
00 01
N G X z F Bern Otl 03
00 01 12t; 1--
Ot! 0~
(J ()
3. 1\ord:
Address lett er x and numbers
X means x-ax i s . The numbers indicate On industr i al CNC-rnachines there are
the traverse path in X-d i rection. The fur t her 1-:ords in use.
number can have "+" or "-" sign .
X +125 means .125'' i n plus X-direction. Spe ed of main spind l e (address letter
S)
Tool for the relative block (address
N G X z F Bern letter T)
Suppletr"' ntary miscellaneous f\lnctions
00 01 1l5 zoso --
100- - - (address let t er ~l )
0-1 01
etc.

u (_ )
3.53
 External structure

The words of t he COMPit.CT 5 CNC

I. Word: 4. l;ord:
Address l e tter N Address letter Z and numbers
The first colurr~ carr ies the block z oeans z - axis. The nurrbers indicate the
number . t raverse path in Z- dircc tion . Z+2o5o
You put in: 00 (first step of operation) ceans 2o , 5 rnm in Z-direction.
01 (2nd step of operation)
etc. N G X z F llem

N G X z F E I· 00 -=0~1_, __1:::2."-
S_ 105
~0::.....__1--·1--
00 Qi_ ~0~3-~-----~-------I----1---
01
- :- - -·
5. l;ord :
2. I~ Ord: Address letter F and nur. Ders
Add ress letter G and numbers F is the abbrev iat ion of " feed". Floc
G is t he s ymbol for the dime nsion. mea ns a f eed of l oo rr•-:> per mi 1mte.
Each number mea ns a cer t ain movccent ,
e.g. 01 stra i ght on moveme nt, OJ cir- N G X Z F Bern
c ular ~~vement , etc .
00 . .2.2._ _...i£L 2.050 100
N G X z F S.m 01 03
00 01 12S '-
01 03
--
( ) 3 . h"ord:
Address l etter x and numbe rs
On industrial o;c-machinos there are
x cea ns x-axi s . The nurrhers indicate the f m· t her ...:ords in use .
traverse path in x-direction . The nurrbcr
can have "+" or "-" sign. Speed o f main spi ndle (address letter
x+l 25 means +1,25 rr.-:> in x- di rec tion . S)
Tool for the re l ative bloc k (add ress
N G X z F Oem letter T )
Suppl e =ent a ry miscel l aneous functions
00 01 12.5 zoso 100
-- (add ress lette r H)
01 01 - etc .

I )

3. 53
 Page 3.55/Biock format

n (
The input format or block format

These 2 terms can be found with all

prO<Jramming s chedules. 1'he input
format prescribes 'o'hich values you have
to put into the program:oing sheet for
each single block to be put into the
cor..puter in this sequence,
The input format depends on the G- func-
tions (path- fu nctions) . l'lhen threading
you have t o put in the pit ch a nd the
length of the thread . For example with
GOO (positioning •,;ith rapid traverse) ,
you have to put in only the path in x-
or Z-direction.

() Explanation
(
N .• / G . • fx± . . . •/ z± .... ./F .••

N., Tne dots stand for numbers 00 to 95

(96 blocks)
G. . The dots stand for the numbers of
the preparatory functions.
x± .. . . The 4 dots stand for numbers 0
to :!:1999 (0 - 1.999" )
z± . . .. . The S dots stand for n~nbers 0
to 19999 (0- 19 . 999")
F .. . The 3 dots stand for munbers 1-199
(. 1 - 19.9 inch per minute )
If the input f ormat prescribes

N . • /G20
( ) ( )
you have to put in only the block nllll'J>er
and G20 into the pt·ograrrmi•W sheet.

N G X z F
.
.
-is zo

u
3. 55
 Block format

These 2 ter r.s can be found with all

program::>i ng schedu le s . The input
forma t prescribes o,;Ji ich values you have
to put in t o the progra~~ing sheet for
each single b l ock to be pu t into the
co ~pu ter in this sequence.

The i nput format depends on the G-func-

tions (path- functions ) . h-nen t hreading
you have to p ut i n the pi t ch and the
le ngth of t he t hread , for exarr~ l e with
GOO {positi oning with rapid traverse ).
You have to put in only the path in x-
( or Z- direction.

Explanation
·+ .... /Z +
N .. / G.. /X- - .. . . ./F ...

N. . The dots stand for nlliTbers 00 t o 95

{ 96 b locks )

G. . The dot s s t a nd for the numbers

+
X-. ... The 4 dots stand for nurr.ber s
+
-0 to
:!:5999
+
z- ..... The 5 do t s s t a nd for nur.bers -+0 to
:!:39999
F . •. The 3 dots stand for nurr.bers 1-499

If t he input format prescribes

( I
N . • / G20

yotJ have t o put in on ly t he block number

and G20 into t he p r ograrr"-:>ing sheet.

N G X z F

15 zo

.
\

3. 55
 I

l )

4. Programming

, }

I )

G20/G21/G22 4.1
GOO Positioning with rapid traverse 4.3 -4.5
G84 Fixed cycle - longitudinal turning 4.7·4.17
G01 Linear interpolation 4.19. 4.41
G02/G03 Circular interpolation
- Clockwise
- Counterclockwise 4.43·4.55
G33/G 78 Threading with constant pitch,
threading cycle 4.57 - 4.83
Control of dimensions - Corrections of
dimensions 4.85
I I Programming the outline of a workpiece 4.87. 4.91
Exercises 4.93·4.101
 --
G20/G21 / G22

G20 - Program Hold

s . l·lhen p•·ognunming G20 you interrupt the
• • <
' ' """'•'-'91" -s r ..t
program. Only when you press thelSTARTI
1- - 1- key again , the next blocks will foll~N
in th e program.
Tf" '-.
- h'hen do you progran G20?
,gt . '( fl,~hii';J: f.--- + When you have to change the tool
1- -
- + 1\'nan you want to carry ou t a measuring

1- - - ope ration.
+ I f you wan t to change the revolutions
of the ~ai n spindle .
+ I f you want to change over from CNC-
operation to hand operation.

Input format G20

N . ./G20

G21 - Empty Line

........,... h'hen you p r ogr am G21 , you may add an
' • • ' ' sr-..1
additiona l block at a later stage.
I- If you prepare your program and you do
1- f-
not kno·.- yet ~<ether you need one or t~<o
l7il cuts of chip removal, then you program
G21.
'
I ~~
IJt1--'- - - 1--- - -
( N . ./G21

G22 - Program End

·""""'
• ""• • ' ...."""' 51 - : At the e nd of each program you have to
0<1
' progra n G22. IH thout the input of G2 2 ,
1-
~ 1- - the p rograo cannot be started.
G22 i s en tered without anr number values.
q_l
0
0
-
~
%.
1i - -
1- Input format G22
« 7 N . .IG22
) '
-
- 1-

-----
1- 1- 1-

-~--
4. 1
- -
)
 Page 4 . 3 /GOO

(
GOO - Positioning with Rapid Traverse
Toe positioning of the turn ing tools, i . e .
movement o f sa~e without chip rereoval,
mus_t be done with highes t possible speeds
(r ap i d traverse ) for economic reasons .
The slides move in z- or X-direction.

Necessary Inputs
I . Sl ide ~ves in X-d irection: ~~ . x-
value in thousandth of inch (. ool ) .

2. Slide r-oves in Z-direction : I;() I , X=O,

z- value in thousandth of inch (.ool).

The speed of the t raverse is 27,5 inch

( ) per minut e in both cases . )

Input formats GOO

1. N . ./GOO/X± .. .. I
2. N . .IGOOIX~OIZ• .... ./

Example:
To facilitate the counting and dismoun t-
ing of the turning t ool it keeps the i n- -
dicated dista nce to the workpiece edge .
Toe tool is moved with r apid tra~erse
to point A.
( )

Block NOO - Turning tool moves . 25" i n

x- axis, sign "- ". z-value
and F-value need not to be
entered.

Block NO! - Turning tool moves .2o" in

z-axis, sign"-". P-value
need not to be entered.

- uoo

N G X z F Ben

QQ._ 0 0 - 250
01 00 0 - 200
02, 2.2 (
u
4.3
 GOO

GOO - Positioning with Rapid Traverse

The positioning of t he turning tools , i.e.
moveme nt of sau.o without chip removal,
must be done wi t h hiifnes t possible speeds
(rapid traverse) for economic reasons .
\ The slides move in Z- or X- direction .

Necessary Inputs
I. Slide moves in X-di rection : t:oo, X-
value in hundredth of r.JD .

2 . Slide n::ove·s i n Z-d i rection: N01 , X=O,

Z-value in hundredth o f rr"'ll ·

The speed o f tho traverse is 7oo JT~/min

i n. both cases.

Input formats GOO

1. N .. /GOO/X :t .. . .I
2. N . .IGOOiX=OIZ= . ... .I

Example:
To facilitate the mounting and dismoull t-
==~------. ing of the turni ng too l it keeps the ill-
cHeated dis ta nce to the >;orkpi ece edge ,

)
JJ _·-·-F£- The tool i s moved with rapid traverse
to point A.
·-· !,-
Block r:oo - Turni ng t ool <:oves 15 em i n
x-axis, s i gn"-" . z-value
and F-value need not to be
e ntered .

Block t:O l - Turnillg tool r.lOVes 9 mm i n

z-axis 1 sign "- ". F-value
need not to be entered .

N G X z F Bel

00-4~0~0~.--~5~
00~ 1 ---- --~---1·-­ I
o~,--ll~
oo~.--~o~-1-~-~v~oo~--1----1-

4.3
J
 Page 4.s· 1 GOO

n Programming exercise 1 (GOO) (

The workpiece is finished . The turning
tool has to return with rapi d traverse
speed to 0 -point. Program the "program
end" at 0-poin t.

Note: There are 2 possibi lities. Pro-

gram both.

N G X z F Ser

( ) ( )

N G X z F Ser

Programming exercise 2 (GOO)

Program the tool movement at rapid tra-
verse speed 0-5 (l o blocks are necessa-
ry).
Program the points with one decima l point.
One block equals . I".
( ) ( )

N G X z F e.

u \ I

4.5

I
 GOO

)
Programming exerclse 1 (GOO)
The wor kpiece is finished. The turni ng
t oo l has to retu rn with rapid traverse
speed to 0 -point . Prograo the "program
end" at 0 -point .

Note: There are 2 possibilities. Pro-

gram both

PROG RAMMBLATI EMCO COMPACT 5 CNC

N G X z F Bor

-
( )
PROGRAMMBLATI EMCO COMPACT 5 CNC
N G X z F llor

Programming exercise 2 (G 00)

Program the tool move~e nt at rapid tra-
verse speed 0-5 (lo block s are necessa-
ry).
t )
f
f: "
.
I
....; ,
PROGRAMMBLATI EMCO COMPACT 5 CNC
. ...., . N G X z F Bt
' l 1 :.: .
. ,..
.;: ! -
-
]~ ~
c
" .
§
~f
"' ~ .,. . -
'
~
. -
.- ~,... __,_
,..... .: ., :::: I:::
""
:::
"' I[~~
···: !r :; t
:i•· ~ .. = b'ifu_
·•. :I
...
'f"
'I I........
-··· .::.. ""
···- ... .- ~....
:. I-

4.5
J
 Page 4. 7 j G84

() )

G84 - Fixed Cycle I Longitudinal Turning

'

As the word cycle says, the l!lOVement of

the turning tool is a closed one .

Example:

Turning of shoulders on an axle ( )

Hand operated machine CNC-machlne

You feed in with t he cross slide , move Path function G84
the l ongi t udi nal slide 11, bri ng t h e If you program G84, the s lides will move
longi t udinal slide back , feed in tl at progr~med feed rates/rapid traverse
and t2 etc. in the prograrrrued x-and Z- directi ons in
a cycle .
There i s a l arge percentage of turn-
ing j obs of this kind . This was the vF ~ programmed feed rate (I - 19,9 i nch
reason to implement a fixed cyc l e in per minute)
the c~c machine .
vE r apid t .r averse (27, 5 inch per mi-
nute)
-----., VF (-Z)

Vf(+X) [
() ---------
VE (+Z)
I

u
4. 7
 Gl4

G84 - Fixed Cycle I Longitudinal Turning

As the word cycle says, the covement of

the turning tool i s a closed one.

Example:

Turn i ng of shou l der s on an axle

)

Hand operated machine CNC-machlne

You feed in with the cross slide, move Path function G84
tho l ongitudinal slide 11, bring t he If you program G84 , the slides will move
longitudinal slide back , feed in t l at progrrun=.ed feed rates/ rapid traverse
and t2 etc . in the progra~~d x-and Z-directions in
a cycle .
There is a l arge pe r centage of turn-
ing jobs of this ki nd. This was the
vF =programmed feed rate (l-4oo ~~/min)
reason to i mplement a fixed cycle in
the CNC machine. v£ = rapid traverse (2ooo ~/min)

- ------,
- -- -- -------,
-j
Vr(+X)[ •
I Ve (-X)

)
- --------
Ve (+Z)

4. 7
 G84

Possibilities and applications when turning

--- -------o-- 0
- - - - - - -- .

l___Po~~i~yA--~
-d~---

t Possibility C f
Example : Outside tur ning Exa .:.p l e: Boring
f r o :n right to l eft

N G X z F

)
l -Posslbl~t~ B _ ]

Example: Ou tside turni ng

0 .:r---------·
t Possibility D

Hardly used for t urn i ng

J
from left to righ t operations

----~

It z= t:>- red a rapid traverse

~::=====> b l ue ~ feed at given speed

4.9
 Page 4 . II /G84

l )
Program Input G84
As per sign for X a.nd z you can program
4 cycles (A, B, C,D).

Inputs
I . Block number
2. G84 The firs t and the fourth l!".overr.e nt are
3 . X-va lue in thousandth o f in rapid traverse .
inch ( .ool ") The second a nd tile t hi rd movement with
4. z-value in thousandth of t he progra~~ed feed s peed .
inch (.ool")
5 . Feed in tenth o f inch (2)~--,--~ 2 \----.-
(.I" per mi nute)

() A cV 8 ( )
I
----@} --~--~---
1
c cv D
~~--~2~----t------~2~----~

( I
()

Example:

'lou :,•ant to t rave r se in cyc l e A.

t~.- :-3.:~~:. . _~ft

Input formats G84

G z F N . .IG841X± ... .IZ± ... .IF . ..

84 - 3co - 3o5o 12o

( )
u
4. 11
 G84

Program Input G84

As per s i gn for X and z you can program
4 cycles (A,B,C,D) .

Inputs
I. Block nurrher
2. GS<I The first and the four th u.ovement are
in rapid traverse.
3. X- value in hundredth of m:J
'fhc second and the third moveme nt with
4. z - value in hundredth of = the progra=med feed speed.
5 . reed in r.:<:>/ni n
.~--~~~----,----42

) A ¢ B
I
----@r --~-- ~ ---
1
c 0 D
~~--~ 2~----t------42~----~

Example:

You want to traverse in cyc le A.

[ ~:tt Input formats G84

A

30,5

N G X z F N . ./G84/X± ... .IZ± ... .IF ...

84 - 3oo -3o5o 12o

I )

4.11
J
 Page 4. 13/G84

{)
Example:

/"\../ Manufacture ~orkpiece as indicated left

hand .

__ _..,.. - -- - - ·
•• .I~ The tool is posi tioned at i ndicated d i s-
tance. The cycles should s t art a t point
- ~
-- --- ~ . A.

1
i ~laterial: Alu.:;iniU::J !II I "
Revolution of main spindle: 2ooo rpm.
. ---.s''-- Feed:.25 inch per minute
Max . depth of cut : . oS"
- .7" __.,
1.6"
( )

N 0 X z F 84>mor1n

t--,r -- -
1
___ _J_·-1-·
I I
I r- - -
1--"'

( )
( )

u l )
4. 13
 G84

Example:

1-lanufacture \<Orkpiecc as indicated left

hand .
'fhe tool is positioned at indicated dis-
N
tance . The cycles s hould star t at poi nt
-·- N --· A.
'$.
Hateria l: Aluminium ¢ 22 l!'.'ll
Revolution of main spindle: 2ooo rpm .
Feed: l oo mm/oin
l·!ax. depth of cut: I CJll

( ) ~------ 40 ------~

N G X z F Bemerl<o

------1------1-------
) 1- - - -1- - - - - - - - --

I )

4. 13
 Page 4 . IS / G84

( )
Programming exercise 3 (GB4)

AI
The workpiece has to be manufactured i n
G84 cycles.
f
j

·- "'- - · .
JJ
- ~-~- ~
- Ma'\. depth of cut .os•:
starting position of turning too l,
-&
. ~ see drawing .

·- 1:.-.6•-
( ) ~~
1.6"
. ( )

Choose revolutions of main spind l e and

feed from cha rt and write up program.
Make a drawing in the sca l e of t he
tra~sparent pape r a nd put in block
numbe rs.

Cutting speed: IOOO · fpm

Feed: . 001-''
Calculate f eed speed and spindle speed.

( l
N G X z F

-- -
-

.
-
-
- ---- -- - 1-

u ( l

4. 15
 G84
,....

)
Programming exercise 3 (G84)

/\J
The ~orkpiece has to be manu factured in
G84 cycles.

-- ~- - -- - +
~~
T1 =
- !•!ax. depth o f cut I
- Startin9 position of tu r ninq t ool,
sec drawi ng.
I_
Cnoose revo lutions of main spindle a nd
f - - 15 - feed from chart and write up prog rao.
20 Hake a dra·.-llng Lo scale I: lo on l eft
hand side.
l ) 40

)
N G X z F

1---41---~------t---- ~

4. 15
 Page 4.17/ G84

()
(

Programming exercise 4 (G84)

The first cuts are done using cycles G84.

- Max. depth of cut: .o5"

- Oista.n ce to edge of shoulder: .o2"
Material: Aluminium

() ·l .
1-- -1,69 - - - . j
Ca l cu late main spindle speed, feed and
write up program. Make a drawing with
the transparent scale.
(

N G X z F ee

1-- - - -~------- --

1- --ll- ~-- - - - -- · - - - - - -t -

--1--~----·--. --
~- ----·1-- - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - !--- · - .. .
(

.2511

u
4 .17
 -----------------~=- -
G84
~

Programming exercise 4 (G84)

The first cu ts are done us ing cyc les G!l<l.

Hax . depth of cut: I rra

...
0
'&
Dis tance t o edge of shou lder : o ,S
Hateri al : Aluo inium
rrm

Calculate main spindle speed , feed and

( ) "n'rite up prog ram . Hake a d ra•n'ing to scale
I: 5 .
1--- -40 - - -l

N G X z F Bo

- 1- --ll- -- -1 ------- -
....,.,...._ 0,5
1- -; - - - - - -- . ------ --· --
t--J- -- - - -- - - -- · - · - - -
( )
- - -- - ____ ,._ -----
5

4.17
 G01

)
G01 - Linear Interpolation
Linear c cans s t raight l ined
Interpolation rr.ea ns the f ind ing of
inter mediate va lues

Linear interpolation rr.eans the findi ng

of intermediate values o n a (stra ight)
li ne. Th is li ne can also be at a cer-
tain angle .

Possibilities of G01

1. Turning In Z· directlon (axi s)

..
-z ...
+Z
(Longitudinal t ur ning ) with given fe ed
ra te. No interpo lat ion tak ing p lace •
(X- r::oveo:ent = 0)

-x

n 2. Turning In X·directlon (axis)

II (Facing) with gi ven f eed ra te . No inter -
II
~~
v
+X polation t aking place .
(Z-move:oent " 0)

3. Taper turning
11i th qiven feed r a t e . X- and z-valucs
arc being interpolated .

.. (X- a nd z-z::ovel:'.e nts )

4. 19
J
 page 4.21/ G01

1. G01 - Turning in Z-Direction

( )

~9"

~~~'!:,~!~ ~
Tool bit shall c:o ve . 95" in Z-direction .
Tool bit pos ition as indicated in
drawing.

I
I Inputs
IL ____-+~-o~-
11
_ .o s
!. Enter bl ock number
2. Enter GO!
3. X-value ~ 0
4. z-value to be put in thousandth of
inch
5. Put in F-value in tenth inch per mi- I )
nute

Input format
N 0 X z F longitudinal turning
.... .IF =

.. 0-1 0 -950 25 ·-

2. G01 - Turning in X-Direction

~ ~~~~!~~
()
Tool bit shall face end plane (cu t end ()
\
plane) ; tool bit pos ition to start a s
indicated in dral<ing .

Inputs
1. Enter bloc k nQmbe r
2 . Enter C.Ol
3 . x-value to be put in in thousandth
o f in ch
4. z -value = 0
5. Put in F-value in t enth of inch

z F B Input format G01 facing

N G X
. N . . / G01 / X = ± . . . IZ = 0/ F=
.. 01 250 0 25
u
4.21
 G01

1. G01 - Turning in Z-Direction

22,5
!?~~E!~.:.
Tool bit shall move 23 , 5 mm in Z-direc-
tion. Tool bi t position as indicat ed i n
drm-:ing .

I
I Inputs
I - -i-f-oo-1
L ____ _ I . Enter block nurrber
2 . Enter GOI
3. X-va lue = 0
4. z-value to be pu t in in hundredth of

)
=·
5. Put in F-valuc in n~/oi n

N G X z F
longitudinal turning
N . ./GOIIX = 0/Z s ± .. .. .IF =
.. 0-1 0 235"0 ~~-
-

2. G01 - Turning in X-Direction

~~~~!~.:.
Tool bit shall face end plane (cut e nd
plane); tool bit position to start as in -
dicated in drawing.

Inputs
I. Enter block number
2 . Enter GOl
3. x-va l ue to be put in in hundredth of
C.'Jl
4. z-value =0
S. Put in F- value in G~/mi n

N G X z F Input format G01 facing

- N . ./G01/X = ± .. . IZ = 0/F=
'· . 01 -soo 0 80 -
)

4. 21
 Page 4.23/ G01

Example:
Finishing of t he shoulder workpie ce in
...
"-& one cut. The depth of cut to be .01"
The t ool bit's starting posi tion as in-
dicated in the drawing.

()

N G X z F

QQ. oo - 2 ~0
l...o.i _Q{_ 0 -560 20
...Q2, 01 -!00 0 J..O
~ Of 0 - 200 20
. - 2.- -- Qt. _M_ A40 _Q_ 20
$
OS 00 250
~ 00 0 160
.Ql 2'2.
.51"
.71"
() 1-- - - 1.6" - -- --1

,_,
·----
- - ·- -

u
4.23
 G01

'

Example:
Finishin9 of the shoulder l<or)<pieco in
one cut . Tne depth of cut to be o , 2o mm .
The tool bit ' s starting position as in -
dicated i n the dra~ing .

(. )

N G X z F

00 00 -S{)()
M 01 0 - 1'320 5o
02 01 2on 0 so
03 ll~ 0 600 t;o
06 fl1 Joo 0 so
OS' no 5'00
Q{, oo 0 1flO
, )
I 01 1i
~-~~2~
1-- - - - - 40 - . J

f )
'

4. 23
 Page 4. 25/ G01

()

Programming exercl&e 5 (G01)

Unfini shed workpiece

~
A chip of .012" depth has to be turned
of f the unfinished ~~rkpiece (exercise
[f ~•
3 , page 4 .1 5)in one cut .

1- · - ~ CIC! -- f-

i
$ $

f-L-
1-- .ff - Starting position of turning tool see
.a• drawing .
)
() 1.6"- -
~lake a drawing in scale o f the transparent
sca le using the drawing paper and put in
Fin ish ed workpiece bloc k numbers. No te that the tousa ndth of
inch cannot be measured from the drawing
in this scale, so you must calcula te the
paths .
...e
• N G X z F

.612"
-.812"-~
~----- 1.6"-----o·~l
( )

-
•-.,
·--
- --
-
--· -
- -
-

)
u
4. 25
 G01

Programming e xercise 5 (G01)

UnCinl s hed ,·orkpiccc

A chip of o,3 ~~ depth has t o be t urned
off t he un f inished ~orkpiccc (exer cise
3) in one cut.

15
1---- 20- -1
( ) ~--- 40 --------~
Starting position of tur ning tool see
drawing.
Fi nished .....orkpiece
:.~aj<e a dra-.,·in.g in scale 10: I using the
drawing paper and put in block n\l.mbe rs .

C'l
C'l - - · ·
-&
N G X z F

~--- 40 ------~

( ) -

•-., ~---

- -
-
-

-- -

( )

4.25
 G01

) 3. G01 - Linear Interpolation

Taper Turning

Hand operated machine

On a mechani c al I convent iona l l athe the
top s lide is c l an:p ed at t he desired t a-
pe.: angle .
It is the top s lide ~<hich e ffects t he
feed movement and not long itudi nal or
cross slides .

( )

Exa mp le CNC-machine

On t h e CNC-la the we do not find a top

slide . The feed move r.:e n ts must be execu-
ted by longi t<>dina l and cross slides .

--- Tnat cea ns : longitudinal and c r oss slides

have t o nove in a c er t ain rela ti o n to
each oth er , accord ing to the taper a ng l e .

On the cmiPACT 5 C1>C both slides a.:e not

rr.oving at the same t i.c::e , but one after
a no ther . TOe microprocessor calc ulates
the ratio X: Z and g ives the ins t r uc t ions
to traverse to t h e step mo tors . This cal -
culation of the X:Z ratios is called li -
( ) near interpolation.

Example 1
Arig l e = 4 5°
The 1·atio X: Z at 45° is I : 1 . LOng i tudina l
and c r oss slides move at sarr~ i n ter va l s .

Example2
The ra tio X: Z = 10:36 = I :3'
This mean s :!. steps i n z - a xis and I s t ep
in x-axis .

' )

4.27
 I
I
t--t--t- - -t-t-

1--+- .. t-t-
-r- -- >-f---t-1- '· - f-i--1-1- --i---11-~'-t--- -
--r- -I- t- ..-

- f--:--1-t- -1---t---J· . .
I-<-
-

1-

1-

t-i---t-+- 1-:----t..l. +-
I I

4.28
 Page 4. 29 / G01

()
Taper45 °
(X-value and Z-valu e are t he same)
Inpu ts GO l
I. Block nur:be r
2 . 001
3. X-va l ue !S va l ue ) of taper end poin t
2
i n t housandth o f inch
4. z- va lue !S val ue ) o f t aper end poi nt
2
in thous andth of inch
5 . F-value in t enth i nch per minu te

() N G X z F a. Input format G01 (

N . ./GOI /X ± . . . .IZ ± . . .. .IF .. .

•• 01 250 -250 ...

Example:

.r---r--f.J .2S"<4 S
0
0
A chamfer o f 45 x . 25" has to b e t urned .
Sta r ting point o f tool bit a s i ndica ted .

N G X z F

( ) 00 00 -250 (
•.. ---11-
.flL. _QO 0 -200
-
-
02 g't -so -22.5 25
03 84 -,fOQ -(IS 25 -
m_ ..Bi_ -~sO -A25 25
OS 8~ -loo - 15 25
_QL 00 -215
_Ql_ ro,- 215 -215 ~ -
08 00 0 21S
09 00 -,3oo·
-10 01 -- 2f;j:) -
-.3oo·- 2?_
.(1 00 250
I 12 00 0 5 00
_j1_ ZL - -- - 1- -

u (

4. 29
 GOt

)
Taper45°
(X-value and Z-value are th e same)

I . Bloc)< number
2. GOI
3 . x- value (S 2 value ) o f taper end point
in h\>ndredth of rm> J
4. z -value (S2 value ) of taper e nd poin t
in hundredth of rrro
5 . F- value in ~~/min

N G X z F Input format GOt

( )
N . ./G01/X ± ... ./Z ± .... .IF ...
- - - - - -----1- - 1-
··'--'-- _q_i_ ~ !ioo_ .:5.1!loo~- _._. ·- .

Example:

..-1----!l- 5 x45• A chan fer o f 45° x 5 rr.~ has to be turned .

Starting point o f t ool bit as indicated .

N G X z F
··- 1-
( ) 00 00 - soo. -
01 oo - ~00
Ol g~ - 100 - li!io go
OJ fi - ZOo - 3SO 80 -
.Qi R~ - 300 - 2So _j_o_1-
OS 8~ - ~oo -1SO 8o
I_QQ_ DO -sso .. ·--- - -
07 0-1 +SS.Q_ _ -5_so - ·· --- -
08 00 0 +SSo
..P.L~ -- ~Q~ . ·-- - - · . -- -
..1L ~L __+bOO- .. . _-:_600
11 oo SOD
12 _QJ)_ --·0 + .1.00Q . --
1-i-L .zt .. - ·-

( }

'
4.29
J
 Page 4 . 31 / G01

Programming exercise 6 (G01)

Taper45°

Program the taper out o f programming

ex.ercise page 4. 17, G84 . Choose the
starting position of the tool bit on
your o--,;n .

()

1-- - 1.6"- - ---l

N G X z F

() 1--- l - -f-- -

- -11-- 1- - - - - - ·- - -+ - - 1

---

(J

4.31

j
 G01

Programming exercise 6 (G01)

Taper45°

Pro9ram the taper out of prograrr<nin9

exercise 4, G94. Choose the starting
position of t he tool bit on your o-..:n.

"-1

~
""~0 '
...
0

t )
~
~
- ~---- -· ·- - ~
p-
t
~
l--10-

40

N G X z F

-
- -

( ) -- -
- - -- -

- - - - --·
-- - -- -

- · 1-· - - -.- -·-- -

- -· --· - ... .. -- .

- - ---1-·-· - ~---·- --
- -- - ·-· -·

( )•: •
'
• .
..:.... -~

4.31
'
 Page 4. 27/ G01

t---- 1.211

Example2
The ratio X:Z = 0 . 4:1.2"• 1: 3
This means 3 steps in z- axis and 1 step
in x- axis.

() )

4. 27

Inputs Page 4.33

1 . Block number
2. GOt
3 . x-coordinate of taper end poi nt
4 . z-coordinate of taper end poin t
5 . F-va l ue in tenth of inch

u N G X z I; Input format G01 taper \

N . ./GOt/X± ... .IZ± .... .IF .. . 1
01 250 -250 25
.
I

Alarm signal A07

lfnen you put in other data than X: Z •

(1 - 39) : (1 - 39) the alarm signal 1107
appears . The co:nputer does not knO'.<
l)
these other X:Z rat ios . ( ) (

4.33
 G01

Tapers in General .
)

Possible angles on COMPACT 5 CNC

The follow ing taper angles are possible:

Ratio X:Z

X:Z = (I to 39) : (I to 39)

T'ne nurrJ)er of possib l e angles is lioi ted

because of computer capacities .
On the Co~pact 5 CNC the slides do not
move at the sarr.e time , but one after
a nother. l~hen turning at an angle ratio
of 39:35 He would produce a s ome·,.;hat
rough su rface on the workpiece , so •,;e
limit ourselves in the turning exercises
to the ratio .
~ ) X:Z = (I to lo) (I to lo)

Inputs
Progran the end point o f the taper .

1 . Bl ock nurrber
2 . GO!
3 . x- coordi nate of taper end point
4. Z-coordinate o f t aper end point
5. F- va lue in rr~/mi n

I J N G X z f
Input format G01 taper

-- o1 tSOo -SOO 80
- N . ./G01/X ± , .. . IZ± .... .IF . . .1

Alarm s i gnal A07

~nen you put in other data than X:Z =

( 1-39): ( 1- 39) the alarm signal A07
appears. The computer does not k n~~
t hese other X:Z ratios.
\ )

4.33
I~
I. !
-I
I
I
I }-- 1---
-+· !
.1
I -L
- - 1-

J
t-' -
- -+- . I
-- -
i- -
·-r
_T
-

11-
-
t-
1- -
~
: i"
'
,.,.. 1- ' - -1- !
I- f~
I
-
r-

T·
• ~ :
1- -
1- I r·r-
I
1- -- .. 1- ~

j _ -r
+
_I_ .
I I I I
-r ..!.

~
1- . -.- I
f- 1- !
r-'" __
,__.__, I
1- j

~
• l
I- ·- r-lro I

Cj> l
t··
H - ·- 1- i
~
1-, i

I z 1-+ - 1-'- --

--- r- 1
. ,...
~

- ... ~J 'I

~ ~~ l 0~
1- - I-"- -
..

z ! - t
- I- ~- ~ ' ' ·- t- ·-I- ;- -~.-r- -
~
0 -
/C\1 ~
1- i -
Jr- I vO"
~ '-1-~
1-- r- vz /
~~ 1 J

~
r-- ~--~
'
;-J~ ·I·-· J J~ I 0 J -
~ ~ I ~ ?- f
.

t ,I -
1\y -

: ~· U: ~
-
- I ~ -r- (/j
I
i

~r~
-
~-
:- 1-
c
I ~
t-
f -(
1 I--
~
tl--
1- - ~co
t l
- ~~
~
/ - r0 '\.0
! ~z' ~
t r._

;~
_J -
~'
1- I-
I

~
J

I
-- -- r'- -
~/ (") '
1
.
t lP+~
I ~ ·- t·
~ ~"i
'(//_~ I--

t ~
I

I
B ,...
z ·- z -
- !-
-
I 1 t-
;
-+~
1-
.
1- - .
-
-- t-
I
.
1- .,
..1. J.
J • -
• ..
~- - -}- I

J
1-·
...1. _i
I
4.34
 Page 4. 3S/ G01

()

Example:
N G X z F I

00 00 -250 -- Tap er 1:2

01 00 0 -200
- A taper 1: 2 is to be turned.
02 8lt- -50 -850 2o
-250
0:} 00 0
-so - Right hand side tool.
Oli
05
00
01 -so -2()0 20 -
~
06 04
Of
0
.:IJ
- 400
0'
20
2o -
( ) 00 0 !tOO
08
01 co -so --
-5o -2oo
--=-- 2o
~0
11
Of
01 0 -2oo. 2o -
~2 04 so 0 2o 1·-
~ 00 0 2oo -
,{If 00 :...5)
{S 0'1 -so - - ---2oo
-- 2o ·-
.{{, 0'1 2oo 1---.Q _ _ -~
,n 00 250 - .6'-:. .2
1
-

..{oSO ,
_1t 00
-i't 22
0
. -
-

() (
Taper denomination ·

Di ffer e nce of diame ter

Taper I :K a
Taper l ength
0
. -D-16

~ is the proC)r arr., ing angle

<G is called taper angle

- - 1- -- l

u
4. 35
 G01

Example:
N G X z F

oo 00 - SOD Ta,eor I: 2
0~ 00 0 - !tOo
go A taper I: 2 is to be turn ed ,
oz ~~ -100 - 1100 I

o3 00 0 - '>00 Right hand side tool .

0~ 00 - 100
OS 01 - 100 - 400 Rfl
_Q_6. 0-1 0 - too Ko
Ot _Q:f_ __jfiJ)_ 0 go

( l
o&
09
j_O
-11
12
00
00
01
()'(
0-1
0
100
0
- 100
-jQQ
liDo

- ~00
- /too
0
fo
80
so
I
~
_1_~ 00 0 ~00
1~ 00 -100
r~S 01 100 - ~oo flll
,,{, 01 ltiXl 0 go
11 00 Soo 1----- 12 - • 1-4 1--
-11' 00 0 1 -!no
111 2'1.

Taper denomination
( ) ..

Di fference of diaC-et er
Tap er I : K = Taper l ength
0 D- <l
= 1

~ is the prograrming anglo

2
oG. is called taper a ng l o

( )

4.35
 Page 4.37/Go t

)
(

Programming exercise 1 (GO t )

--- ~
'&
- ~ -
~
'&
. ·- f -
~
~
~• .-
s

~
~
L I "
..
r-.3"L .4·-
I
() (

·.9.'
I -
'

N G X z F

-
-

-
- b- , - --
-
- -

-- _ , - --
- - - -

u
4.37
 G01

Programming exercise 7 (G01)

0
-4--- ~ ---~ - --+--- -1-- ~ - -
$ $ e

- H - 1x45°
)
f-6 .. 1---10 -
1----- 20 --~

N G X z F

As-~
"'

~
I

I ..
~

I'

- --
i
- - - ---- -
lj~

,,,,
)

4.37
 G01

Angle a/2 and X: Z ratios

.
Angle X:Z Angle X:Z Angle X:Z I
-1

35 , 54° 5: 7 6o , .t6u 7: 4
5, 7 1° I : lo
6,34° I: 9 36, 87° 3: 4 6o , 95° 9: 5

8 , I 3° I : 7 38, 66° 4: 5 63 , 43° 2: I

9 , 64° I : 6 39 , 8o0 5: 6 66 , o4° 9: 3

I I, 3° I : 5 4o , 6o0 6: 7 66 , 8o0 7· 3
l 68 , 2o0 5: 2
12' 52° 2: 9 4o , l9° 7: 8
0
14,o0 I: 4 41 , 63° 8: 9 69 ' 4·1 8: 3

15, 9•10 2: 7 41 ' 99° 9: lo 7 1, 56° 3: I

0
16 , 69° 3 : lo 45 , o 0 I: I 73 , 30 lo: 3

18 , 43° I. 3 48 , 8 1° 0: 7 7<1 , o5° 7· 2

2o , 56° 3: 8 49 , 4o0 7: 6 75 , 96° 4: I

So , 19° 6: 5 77 , .no 9: 2
21,8° 2: 5
23 , 2o0 3: 7 51 , 34° 5: 4 78 , 69° 5: I

4: 9 5 2 ,1 3° 9: 7 8o , 54° 6: I
23 ' 96°
8 1, 8 7° 7. I
26 , 56° I : 2 53 ,1 3° 'l : 3
29 , 74° 4: 7 54 , 64° 7: 5 82 , 87° 8: l

Jo,96 3: 5 56 ,61° 3: 2 83 ,66° 9: I

58 ,o0 8: 5 84 , 29° Ia: I

) 32, o 0 5: 8
33, 69° 2: 3 59 , o 4° 5: 3

~ne chart sh~~s only the angles f or the

ratios X:Z • (l - 1o ): (l - 1o ). Alar ~ sign
"'ill appear h~..:cver only if angle ra tios
other than X:Z = ( 1-39 ) : ( 1- 3:> ) are pro-
grar.r.:ed.

For the turning exercises we lioite our-

selves t o ratios X:Z ~ (1-lo): (1-1o).

4.39
---"
 GOt

Data on angles

Example Z• 5 x 1.67 • 8.35

We take f or ~h 3o0 the ratio X:Z = 3:5
( ""1.2 with 3 :5 = 3o,96°.

The z -value is 5 ti mes as l arge , t hus

( ) 1, 67 x 5 = 8 , 35 rrm
0
-- ~ --- -1-­
~

52
The block fo r the traverse path S I -
S2 i s:

N G X z F

The tool bit has to traverse from

points S l to 52. -- -
01 S01 - 835 •_.!..._
-
Z=?
( ) By ratstng the value fro~ 5 to 5 , ol ,
51
the tool bit j uts out o , ol rrm in x-
I() direction a nd o , o3 u~~ in Z- di rection
"
>< over the i deal point .
Please take this into cons ideration
when prograr.,ming the f ollO'..-ing blocks.
52

The path x i s 5 rr~ .

The ratio ·X:Z 3:5

5:3 = 1, 66666 ... , t hus not divisible .

l·le take the next gt·eater number which is
divisib l e by 3: 5.o l
S , ol : 3 = 1, 67
( )

4. 41
 Page 4.43 G02/G03

n
G02 - .Circular Interpolation Clockwise

G03 - Circular Interpolation Counterclockwise

With the circu l ar interpolation the cir-

cu l ar arc is divided into single steps .
It is subs titu ted by many straight lines .
Di fferent fr om the linear interpolation
the ratio X: z c hanges h ere permanently .
I

r .
I ..- - ....

/ , /z ""'
.,.-1)- --:
~- Z:X )
' ........__ _/

Possible radii on the COMPACT 5 CNC

.05"/ . 1"/ . 15"/ .2"/ . 25 "/ ... up to 1.95"

Program Input
1 . Block nur.. ber (
2 . G02 or G03
3 . X-value in thousandth of inch . As X-value
we put in the )(- coordina te of the 4th
part of circu mference.
The longitudinal slide ooves
automatically in minus - direction (di-
rection chuck) . No Z- Input
~- F- value in tenth of inch

Alarm sign A01

1·/hen input of radius is undefined (for
examp le r=l.13 inch) the alarm sign 1101
appe a r s.
()

/ 4.43

·-
 G02/G03
-
G02 Circular Interpolation Clockwise

G03 Circular Interpolation Counterclockwise

lnth the circular interpolation the cir-

cu l ar arc is divided into single steps.
It is substituted by many straigh t lines.
Different f rom t he linear interpo l ation
the ratio X: Z changes here permanently.

Possible radii on the COMPACT 5 CNC

o,25/o, 5o/ l /2/3/4/5 ... up t o 59~

Program Input
I . Bloci< nu:::bcr
2 . G02 or G03
) 3. X-value in hundredth of ~'· As X-value
we put in the x-coordinate of the 4th
part of circumference.
4. z 0 . The l ongitudinal slide ~ovcs
~
auto~tically i n minus-direc tion (di-
rection chuck).
5 . F-va lue

Alarm sign A01

~~en i nput of radius is unde fined (for
e xampl e r ~ 4, 5 ~~) the alarm sign Aol
appears.

4. 43
 G02/G03

Radii when outside turning

Radii clockwise 002

)
N G X z F N G X z F

02 + . Ol - -

Radii counterclockwise 003

N G X z F

-- ~03 -

'
4. 45
 ~>age 4. 47/ G02/G03

G02 - Radii clockwi se

~:oveccnt of turning tool Prograo for fourth part of circumference I

as see n fro:n above

2 .
~·J-._.
Pourth pa rt of ci rc~fcrence 2

• I .

~ ·~ .. ,! --· ,@
()
Pou rth parts of circun fcrence 3 and 4 arP
no t prograrr.mable since Z-direction is po
sitive .

Input form al G02

N .. /G021X:!: ... .IF ...

G03 - Radii counterclockwise

t-:ovezcnt of turning tool Program for fourth part of circumfer ence 3

as seen f ro~ abo ve

( )
-~t·" (
% · G<
. . I __ _·
Program for fourth part of c i rcumference 4

j':
.P j Fourtl'\ parts of circu,-, fe r ence 1 and 2 are
not prog ra~~able s i nce Z-direction is po-
si tive .

Input form al G03

N . .IGOJ/X± .... I F= ...

u
4.47
 G02/G03

G02 - Radii clockwise

!·toverr:e n t o f turni ng tool Progr am for four th part of c i rcumfere nce 1

as s ee n fro~ above

1~ /o~ 1-~~ 1 ~ L~l

Fourth part of circumfe r ence 2

I~ I ~2 ~ ~~ I ~ I~~ I
) Fourth parts o f circumference 3 and 4 a r e
not prograrrmable since Z-direction i s po-
sitive.

Input format G02

N . ./G02/X± ... .IF ...

G03 - Radii counterclockwise

:-tover.e nt of turning too l Program f or four th part of circumference 3

as seen f rom above

I ~ Io~ 1-~~ 1 I~~ I

z
0
)
Prog t.·a m for fourth part of c i rcumference 4

I~ Io~ I ~~ I z
0 I ~~ I
Fo\>rth parts of circun ference I and 2 a r e
not progra~u able s ince Z- di r ect i o n i s po -
si tive .

Input format G03

N . ./GOJ/X ± ... .IF= ...

)
•.

4.47
 Page 4.49 G02/G03

( )

pepth of cut when turning radii

You turn a rsdillS With the right hand side

tool . oe = 93

You have seen that with outside tu rni ng

(as with facing ) the max. depth of cut is
.012". 1-fnen turning a radius you find a
similar situation, either at the beginning
or at the end o f the fourth part of cir-
cumference.

Exercise:
PollaN wi t h the t ransparent paper (right
hand side tool) Mlo:l the indicat ed radius .
You will recognize the changing situation
i tm.ediately.

002

1-'.ax. depth gt cut of .012" only at the

begin at 93 .

Line of possible depth of cut

() ( >

'

G03

Hax. depth of cut .012" only at the

end of radius at 93° .

' ()

4.49
 G02/G03

Depth of cut hhen turning radii

You turn a radius with the right hand s ide

tool. ~ = 93°

You have seen that with out side turning

(as with fac ing) the max . depth of cut is
o , 3 m:n. h"hen turning a radius you find a
sinilar situation , either a t the begi nn ing
or a t the end of the fourth part of cir-
cum f erence.

Exercise :
Foll~~ with the transparent pape r (right
hand side tool ) Hl o :l the indicated radi us .
You will recognize the changi ng situation
) i rrruediate ly.

002

~lax. depth of cut o f o, 3 rr•., only at the

begin at 93°.

Line of possib l e depth o f cut

'

Hax. depth of c ut of o,o3 m:n only at the

end of radius at 93°.

I )

4.49
 I
I
4.50
 Page 4. 5 1/ G02/G03

() )

Example G02

Hatcr i a l: Aluminiuc
St art i ng posi tion o f turning t ool as
in drawing .

.. ' t
•
~
-4-- -- ~- ---- ~ -- ~ ~
'

)
.
./
/

N G X z F

00 00 -250
-
01 00 0 -200
02 Sit -so -185 25
03 81f -AOO - 160 25
..QL _8L
- R4
-
-4~
·~
-ns 25
05 - 200 -61S 25
06 00 ~250
-
01 __Qj_ - _Q_,_ -550 25
08 02 250 25
09 00 -- 25.0

~
00 0 1000 - -- -
22
4.51
 G02/G03

~-------------------------------------------
Example G02

Nate r i a l: Al umini um
St arting p osi tion of turning tool as
in d ra·..·lng.

t--- 15 - --1

-+- - -- f-- - . - -.

( }

N G X z F

..QQ.._ - Soo
0
- ofOO
- Zoo - of )
- 3oo -1~
- ~00
- Soo
0 -1100 gp_ _
soo g
soo
Q 2000
)

4. 51
.. • .
Page 4. 53 G02/G03

Programming exercise G02/G03

Haterial: Aluminium
Prograc this e xercise such that you fi-
nish it with one final cut. Starting
pos i t i on of tool bit as in drawing .
Posit i on of tool bit at end o f program
to be identical with star ting position.

Hak e a drawi ng 1-1 10: I.

Tool: ri'.!ht hand side tcol

( )

; - - .--,-l-/r-.,.--4:...__!

N G X z F
Start position
() (
-- -
A .,.
""lq
.. \
)",
,
I
")

._--1-- +-- - +----4-·- 1-

u
4.53
 G02/G03

I
Programming exercise G02/G03

l·laterial : Al umi nium

Program this e xercise such that you fi-
ni sh it ~ith one f inal cut. Starting
position of tool bit as in dra~ing.
Position of tool bi t at end of program
to be identical "·i th sta rti ng position .

Nake a dra•i ng ~l 10: I .

Tool : r i ght hand side tool

- - · --1--

10 - -

N G X z F

1--1----1----~---- ---

1-- 1- -lf-- - -1- -- - - - - -

1--- -1-- -i- - - -1- - - - - - - -

r--r---~-·----1--- ·

----- -----
1

4.53
...
-
.,__,
1-1-
·-·-1·---1-+~--_L'"· 1-·I· +-j---,-H_L I
-i-t+-Ut-1-+-·Ll'-- I . 17 r-=r;:-J:Ti""i~--
' t

lj-H~-1
I I

t·i-:t+~--t=Jlil. ~-~~
J i
1-
o- - +-4 - ; .

-H,--1-~j~'-, --'T~tT9
-.< · ~*~~~=iJ~
: 'T 1
,_,_,-~f=-lJ.j== r-s- ~- -oZ 1.
I

,_
,_ " '"
_ •
,~ f,_ 1- .

1' _' . ~1=,-1- - :- . ---l-1I ~+

T 1-

->-1- +- - i-
t-
,_ l- •
I _-
_,j . j-+- I1-_,_ --- 1·--t--1--+-L-·
I- , -
-t-- ~ -
r--:~::~~
-=-:tllZ::::L'Ji_'
j
r -- ,.1-_.J
_, 1- I . < -
\ I I - - •1- - ' z I~
-0-+ . - I -t-1 :_, __
.l..-1- ---·
I

f-!-
~
t 1--

[+- ~
I.
- l
,. - 1~~-~
"'-"
* 0-'-'
I p,:::l 0
- ------~ - (

l~ l )'I -~-vlfr>
vi;~d· tl I ,..,e (
~1~I 1
I f
T
1
,_
I I - t t-
"!!; ,/
1-
.lZ
•
,_,_1- - T-
~, I -II -i- '

l ~~~ - ' ' ' I I -

I-;, ' -:=~ _:~~ ~~ ; :=: t1~;·; --- - -
L :::. +

~~~ ~ ' ---l-i .'·- '· · · -~ :=-: .=!= ~

1~.L-I H- ::::[27 ~ 1-
c.
=~=~~
rt~~~
,
_ 1- :-:=1- ~ ~:~
·- +!-
1-

-1-1-

- I
- I
'+t
[ t--1-'- -
-~~
I I - ; - ,_,::
-,I
'- ;
~' vo_~
~
-+ ~"
~"-
~-
<,
,

I J
' I I
'Ij-
f -+; , --
t ~- -· -
...
· ·1-t-1-__L
~

j- J.r_-;~1- 1 ~ - : ~",
I- ' I -

z -- ~ -1
"-'- -+-0 ' I ·-- I -
-I
1- • - + ___+-'--
' __ ,·-'-

~-l--l-1
~ -~ ~1-
-~-'1--lt--
'' 1-- 1-
1
>-I- 1- ,_
I 1-1- -H-1--

..._,_...J.._._.L..J:::t::iJ.:j-~
::: -+-1-J ~
b I J Ij--+-+--.l
').;;-,_j_.L...
""----'-
-+. ,--r-.J..J-l.--1:_-t.Lt-
I . _,__
__

- 1- I ..+ ·-
i
-+-_J_jf_ .
4.54
 Pag e 4 .ss /G02/G03

n Example G02/G03
(

Turning of intersected and corrbined

radii .

Reroark:
The tool bit al~ays e xecutes the move-
ment of a fourth part of circu~ference.

.- •... .
..". I-
.cq
-& e. -&

() ·Is, (
~ .......... ~
'-
~ .,I

.- l
- .6"-

( ) (
start position

N G X z F

00 00 - 250
01 00 0 -2oo
02. 84 -so - r~s 25
0~ K4 -AOO -155 25 _ -
04 00 +350
OS 00 0 - 1,50
06 02 - .500 25
_Q]_ 02 +.{50 25
oe 00 +250
..- ACOO
09 (X) 0 -
AO 22 . -- ~
u I

4.55
 G021G03

Example G021G03
Tur ning o f in tersec ted a nd coz~ined
rad ii.

Re:nark:
The t ool bit a l•.. ays exec ute s the move-
cent of a fourth pa r t of c ircumfe r ence .

'
..
~
'Go
. I- ..
Cl)

'$

......__
K j
....
It
- - 12 -

' z F
N G X

00 -SOO
00 0 - ~00
H -1oo - 1S1o Ro
g~ 100 - "t:'10 kO
00 100
00 0 - JOO
0'1. -1 0 00 80
02. 300 flo
oo soo
• 00 0 1.000
22.
J

.
4. 55
J
I

Page 4 . 57/ G33/G78

{
Thread Cutting on the COMPACT 5 CNC
On the Compact 5 CNC you cut left hand
and right hand threads , insi de and
outside .

Possible pitches
. 001" - .199" i n steps of . 001 "

Main spindle speeds when thread cutting

( ) These are limited. If the main spindle ( )
· speed is too fast , t he f eed cir i ves >:ill
be inacti ve and ca nno t be synchronized
·,;ith the r.!ain spi ndle speed any more .

Therefore b etter program G20 before

thread- cutting so you can slo·..; dcr,;n the
main spindle speed, if necessary . If
the speed is too h i gh , there will be
alarm indi cation.

Hax . spi ndle speed in relation to pitch (approxima t e va l ues)

TPI Pi tch in inch Nax . spindle speed ( 1/min)

l ooo - 25 .001 .040 300
25 - 16 .041 .060 200
16 - 12 .061 - .080 180
u 12 - 8 .081 .1 20 130
8 - 6 . 121 - . 199 70

Al arm sign 1106

\~hen you surpass t he spi ndle speed by

more than 5 %, the alarm sigll appears.

u <.. )

4. 57
 G33/G78

) Thread Cutting on the COMPACT 5 CNC

On the Co:npact 5 CNC you cut left hand
and right hand threads , inside and
outside .

Possible pitches
o , ol - 4, 99 in steps of o,ol rr~

Main spindle speeds when thread cutting

These are limited . If the main spindle
( ) speed is too fast, the feed drives •,;i 11
be inactive and cannot be synchroni zed
'<ith the main spind le sp eed any n:<:>re .

Therefore better program G20 be f ore

thread- cutting so you can slO'• da•n the
main spind l e speed , if necessary. I f
the speed is too high, the r e '<ill be
a larm indication.

~·ax spindle speed in relation t o pitch

-
Pitch i n rr..:1 l l·lax . spind l e speed (1/minJ

o ,ol -I 3oo
I ,ol - I, 5 2oo

\. )
1 '51 -2 18o
2, ol - 3 13o
3,ol - 4,99 7o

~larm sign AOO

lfuen you sut·pass the spi nd le speed by

r.ore than 5 %, the alarm sign appears.

4.57
J
 Page 4. 59/G33/G78

()

UNR Bolt Threads

UJ
( ) ( )

As an example for inch threads we have

a look to the UNR threads .
Tne pitch is specified by the number
of threads per inch.

~~!~~!~~!~~-~! -~~~~~~
Tnread UNRC size 12 has 24 threads per
inch:
P 1·tc h = I inch
24 = . o4167 " The Values I Calculation
u The geometrical shapes ~nd dimensions
D and corresponding pitch are given for
are standardized a nd can be fou nd in
the relative threads.
technical handbooks .
Example: Designations and dimension OJ is Dts or . 61343 x Pitch
of an URR bolt thread .
r = . 14434 x Pitch
D = Basic major diameter
E = Basic pitch diameter H= .866o3 x Pitch
Ks= Minor diameter for external thread
r Root radiu s As the roo t radius r is dependent on
H = Height of sharp u-thread the pitch (r = .14434 x pitch), for
P = Pitch every pitch a cer tain root radius has
h3= Depth of external thread to be considered .

u
'
4.59
 G33/G78
-
)
Determination of a Thread

Scre~s, nuts , mach i ne parts can be ex-

changed.

This is possible because of standard i -

zation

of quality st<ll1ciards
of sp ec ial ins pection pro cedure s
o f s tondards o n the denc:ilination of
thread tj•pes

As exanple ~e use in the foll~Ning the

oe tric ISO standard thread according t o
DIN 13.
) (I SO = Inter na t ional Standard Organisa-
tion) . DIN= German I ndustrial Standard)

I ·
O~o
i

lJ:

It
P = Pitch of thread
d Ou tside dia~eter of bolt
) D = d= Nominal diame ter for bolt and
nut
d2 = D2• Thread pitch diarnatet· for bol t
and nut
d3 = mnor thread diao:e ter of bol t
Dl Hinor thread diameter of nut
H = Heigh t of profile • heigh t of fi c-
ti tions profile triangle (•..:ith
r ounding and l e ve l ing)
h3 = Depth of thread of bolt a 1/2
(d- d3 )
r = Rounding radius = H/6 = o ,l4434 P
HI = Bearing depth

H c: o , 866o3 P
h) = 0,6 1343 p Calculated
HI o , S4 127 P values
3 = 11/6 - o , 14434
)

4. 59
 •

• Page 4. 61/G33/G78

() )

UNRF Thread

LLJ

( I

l!!i n or Dirnte r -
Basic Oas i c Root Pi tch
Majo r Thds. I' itch Radius
F.xt . Int .
Sizes Oiam . per Oiam.,
Inch. Thds. Thds .

-
4 (. 112)
Inches

o. 1120 4{1
Inches

o. 0985
I nches

0 . 0864
Inches

0 . 0894
I nches
0.0030
I nches

0 . 0208
5( . 1?.~) o. 121\0 44 o. 1102 () , 0!1? 1 0. 1004 0.0033 0 . 0227
6(.138) 0.1380 40 0.1218 o. 1073 o. 1109 0,0036 0 . 0250
8( . 164) o. 1640 36 0 . 1460 o. 1299 o. 1339 0 . 0040 0 . 0278
10( ,190) o. 1900 32 o. 1697 0 . 1517 o. 1562 0.0045 0 . 03 12
12(.2 16) ' 0.2160 28 o. 1928 o. 1722 0 . 1773 0.0051 0.0357
(J (
1/4 0.2500 28 0 . 2268 0 . 2062 o. 2113 0.0061 0 . 0357
5/16 0 . 3125 24 0.2854 0.2614 0.2674 0 . 0060 0.04 17
3/8 0 . 3750 24 0.3479 o . 3239 0 . 3299 0 . 0060 0 . 04 17
7/16 0.4375 20 o. 4050 0.3762 0.3834 0 . 0072 0 . 0500
1/2 0 . 5000 20 0 .4675 0 . 4387 o. 4459 0 . 0072 0 . 0500
9/tr. 0 , 5625 18 0.526<1 0.4943 0.5024 0 . 0080 0 , 0556
5/8 0.6250 18 0. 5889 0.5568 0.5649 0 . 0080 0 . 0556
3/4
7/8
0 . 7500

I
0 , 8750
__ .____
16
14
0 . 7094
0 , 8286
0 . 6733
0 . 7874J
0.6823
0 . 7977
0 . 0090
0.0103
0.0625
0 . 071 4

You see that to each pitch the re belongs

a rounding radius r . Tha t rr.eans: for
each pitch you need a thread-cutting
too l .

u
4.61
 G33/G78

~--------------------------------~-
)
Metric ISO - Standard th reads according to DIN 13

I I 1-- - P - ---c I I
'0 N <')
'0 '0 Q~o

( ,
Thread - 'I'nrcad pitch Hi nor thread Depth of Roundinq
llo:ainal dia. Pitch p
dJ dia . hJ t hread HI ra dius r
d: D dia. d2• D2 Dl
l o,5 2, 675 2. 397 2 , .-:59 o, 3o7 o , 271 o ,o72
·1 o,7 3, 545 3 , l.fl 3, 242 0 , 429 o , J79 o , l ol
5 o,a 4, ·18<> 4 , o19 4 , 134 0, 49 1 o ,4J 3 0 , 1 15
6 l, o 5, 35o 4 , 77) •\, 9 17 o,613 o , S41 o , 14 ·1
8 1. 25 7 ,l OB 6 , "66 6, 6117 o , 767 0 ,677 o ,l Bo
lo 1. 5 9 , o26 8 , 16 o 8, 376 o , 9Zo o , 8 12 0 , 217
12 1, 75 b, 86 J 9 , 853 b, 106 J , o7~ 0 , 947 0 , 253
16 2, 0 1-l , 7ol tJ , 546 13,83 5 1. 227 l , oSJ o, 2S9
2o 2, 5 l3 , 376 ;:; •933 17 , 29.; l, 5H 1, )5) o , 361
( )

You see t hat to each pitch there be lonqs

a r oundinq radius r. That c.eans : for
each pitch you need a t hread -cutti ng
t ool.

( )

4.61
J
 G33/G78

Jndexable Ups for threading

1. Full profile ti ps 2. Par t ial profile tips

With the full profile Ups you cut the Advantage :

correct thread profile . 'iou need l·:hcn using par tial profile tips , you can
f or each t hread pro file and usc on tips for various pitche s within
( 1 for each pitch a cer tain range of pi tches.
a separate tip.
Di sadvantage:
The rounding radius i s not according to
standard.

The out s i de diar.e ter wil l also be ca li -

brated .

( )

On t he cmiPACl' 5 CIIC we usc pa r t pre-

file tips , to enable us to thread-cut
within a certain range of pi tches .

( )

4. 63
 Page 4. 65iG33/G78

) (

The tool holder for external threading (order no. 260 620)

The indexable tips for right hand threading (order no. 260 621)
Ca l c ulation of I n feed

h) "'ith partial profile tips:

h 3 "'i th full profile t ips:
• . 75777 x Pi tch- r
• . 61343 X Pitch
r • Radius of tool bit nose
Basic ~lajor Oia - Mi nor Oia
= 2
Tne i ndexable tip is a partial profile
) tip . It ca n be \I Sed for pitches from
0 - Ks (
o , 5 to I. Smm and for 16 - 48 threads
2 per inch (TPI ) .
0
Tnread angle = 6o
Rounding radius r • .oo16 (o,o4mu)
That means : t he mi nor .thread diameter
Ks will c ha nge for the rE'lativc p itch ,

I Tnreads per Pitch Infeed h3 wi th pro- Infecd "'ith Suggested toli-

I
I nch (inch) file too l (inch) o .ool6" radius nioun t;o. of
tool ( inch ) rough passes

48 o.o2o8 o . o 128 0 . 0 142 4

44 o.o22 7 - o.o139 o.o1 56
/
4
4o o .o25o o.o1 53 0 . 0 173 5
36 o.o278 o .o 17o 0 .0 195 5
32 o.o312 o.o192 o .o22o 5
28 o . o357 o.o219 o.o2 55 5
24 o.o4 17 o. o2% o.o3oo 6
2o \
o .oSoo o.o3o7 o.o363. - 'rt
18 o.o556 o . o341 o.c4 oS 7
16 o.o625 o.o383 o. o458 a

( /

4. 65 ·.

\.
 G33/G78

The toolholder for external threading (order no. 260 620)

The indexable tips for right hand threading (order no. 260 621)

The indexable tip is a partial profile

tip. It can be used for pitches from
o,S to 1, 5 ~~and for 16 - 48 threads
per inch (TPI ) .
~hread angle = 6o0
Rounding radius r = o,o4 - o,c45 rr_rn
That means: t he minor thread diame t er
) d3 will change for the r elative pitch,
-,;he n compared t o !SO-standard .
d - d)
The depth of t hread
2
= h3 is
bigger .

{ l

h) ace. I SO, DINJ3 h3 whe n using tip l<ith

Pitch P ( mm)
(top radius changes top radios o , o•l rn:n
l<i th every pitch )

o,S 0 , 307 o , 337

o ,6 o , 368 o , 4 IS
--
o,7 o , 429 o , 49o
o, 75 o , 46o 0 , 528
o ,8 0 ,49 1 o , 551
1. 0 o , 613 0 , 7 17
J ' 25 o , 767 o ,9o7
~

1' 5 o , 92o 1, l oo

4.65
 G33/G78

Synchronisation
Hain s pi ndle speed - Feed when th read
cutt i ng

Convent ional lathe

Nith a conventiona l lathe , the drive of

the l eadscrew co~s via a gear wheel on
the r.a i n spindle, via change gears, via
the f eed gearbox onto the leadscrew .
There i s a closed mech anica l ci rcuit of
( ) force . If the roa i n s pindle move s slo-.;er
(e . g . because of heavier load ) , then
the leadscre·.; will turn slo-.-:er as •..:ell.
'l'he t hread-cut ting pitch ho·.<ever re::ains
the saree.

( )

4.67
 G33/G78

Synchronisation

!·lain spindle drive - Feed size when

thread- cutting on the COHPI\C'r 5 CI'C.

Nain spindle and feed drive are not

frictionally connected. The synchroni-
sation is ef f ected vi a the computer.

Principle
( )
1 . The impulse sender 1 gets the revo-
lutions of the main spindl e from the
perforated d i sc and transmits it to
the co=.puter . Here it is processed ,
and from that information it de ter-
mines the feed required to obtain the
progr afuced thread pitch .
The result is trans f ormed into an in-
struction i rr~ediately and gi ven to
the f eed rr~tors.

( )
2. 1\ thread is always cut in a few cyc l es .
Slots for synchroni- You r emember that you had to observe
sation wi th conventional l athes: may I open
the half- nut at this pi t ch and ha• do
I get back to the same position?

I rr.p ulse sender

for start-feed
I mpulse sender (I )
I mpulse fro:n perforated
disc to r egulate feed .
(
The start instruction for the feed has
to be a lways at sarr~ angle position of
the nain spindle.
The perforation on the disc transmits
via the i rr.p ulse sender the angle po-
sition to the co:r.pute>: . The latter one
gives the start instruction to the
stepping motor of the longitudinal
slide .

4. 69
 G33/G78

Surr.'1lary Synchronisation

I. The feed rate is control led vi a t he

pe r for ated disc on the r-ain spindle .

2 . The perforat ion o f t he discs tra ns-

mits t he anqle position o f t he oa in
spindle and in i tiates the star t in-
struction to the stepping ~Qtor of
the l ongitudinal slide , t hus the tool
( ) bit always retu rn s to cor r ec t posi-
tion for next c ut.

Transmiss i on of
r e volution

Transmission of
anqle position
I c:pulse for
feed rate =
speed

4. 71
J
 Page 4. 73/ G33/G78

()

G33 - Threading with Constant Pitch

Inputs G33
I. Block number !I
Examele: 2. G33
Right thread 3. X • 0
2o tpi 4 . Length o f thread i n coluon z i n thous andth o f inch
Pitch • .!. ~ .050" +Z • Right hand thread
2o
(
-z • Left hand thread
Le ngth of thread .5" 5 . In column F, thread pitch in thous andth of inch

N G X z F
.. .
Input format G33
. N . .IG33/ Z± ..... /F . . .
05 20
06 :33 600 50 1-

Technique o f threading
~he tool bit has to be fed in s t eps
by measurement h l .

I. Feed in only in x-axis:

--------------------------
First c ut with depth of .008"
Furthe r cuts at .004"
Last cu t at .002 11

2. Feed in X- and Z-axis:

--------- -----·-- --- ------
(J

4. 73
 G33/G78

G33 - Threading with Constant Pitch

Exat:ole : Inputs G33

Length of thread 12, 5 rr~ 1. Block nuumer N

Pi tch o, 75 = 2 . G33
3. X = 0
N G X z F 4. Length of th read in column Z in hun-
.. dredth o f lr.Dl
+Z = Right ha nd thread
-
• -z = Le ft hand thread
~·os 1.0 5 . In col~~n F, thread pitch in hundred t h
of m::1.
0{, 33 1250 75 r

Input format G33

N . ./G33/ 2 ± .... .IF .. .

Techniqu e of threading
The tool bit has t o b e fed in s t eps
by measureme nt h3 .

\ )

! ;_~~~~-~~-~~!¥_ ~~ -~=~~!~ :
Fi r st cut wi th depth of o,2 ~"
Further cuts a t o,l ~~
Last cut at o,o5 rom

2. Feed in X- and z-axis :

)
..

4. 73
J
 Page 4 . 75 / G33/G78

( l

Threading with G33

f-- ·8" - Example:

UIIF thre ad
Size 3/4"
-
-
•
I!!. . .
•
a:·
1-
.0
16 threads p e r inch
Pitch = I = .0625"
16
.- infeed with partia l prof ile
tool r =0 . 04~t.ro = .0016' ' : ~ = . 0 458"
() J (

l-Ie assun:e t hat cl e arance cut and chamfer

are alre ady do ne, threa d!ng t ool i s a t a
dista nc e o f .oS" to the f acing side and
.oo 1" t o o ut sid e of wol·kpiece.
Since t u rning t ool "'ill have to be changed
as well as rr.a in s p indle speed , the
b l ock be f ore t he threading itself must
b e N.. /G=20 (d,;e ll) . l·l e assume this b l o c k
carries the number II.

N= l2 Po s i tioning .010 with rapid traverse

N= l 3 First cut (Depth o f cut . 009")
N=l4 Repositioning 1~ith rapid traverse
N= l S Re po sitio ning with r apid trave rse
N= l 6 Po s itioning . 014" •,;ith rapid t raverse; (
(Programmed cu t ting depth .oo S")

N G X z F I

N1 3
.
.
41 20
-12 00 - AO
Nl4 N12 - 9oo
A2> 33 62
Alt 00 .fo
N15 As oo 0 9oo
For on e cut 4 bloc ks have to be pro -
grarr~ed. A very t ime consuming p r ogram-
ming. Therefore yo u u se c ycle G78 for
threading .

u
4. 75

J
 G33/G78

Threading with G33

22 E x a~r,ple :

Fine th r ead i ng according t o I SO

----- M2o X l' s

d B 2o rr.m
--- )(
0
C'l
oG. •
p
6o0
::0 5 I , S mm
- ---- h3 5 l'1 IT~11 (depth of thread)

We ass~e that clearance cut and chaofer

are a l read}• done , threading tool is at a
distance o f I ~• to the f acing s ide and
o , l mm to ou tside of workpiece.
Since t ur ning t ool wi l l have t o be cha n-
ged as we ll as ma i n spind le s peed, the
block before the threadi ng i t sel f must
be N.. /G=2o (dwell ). We ass~e this
block carr ies t he number II.

Nl2 a Pos iti oning o , 3 rr~ with r api d tra-

ve rse
Nl 3 ~First cu t
Nl4 ~ Repositi oni ng with rapi d t r averse
Nl 5 = Repos it i oning with r apid trave r se
Nl 6 s Pos i t i oning o , 3 mm •.<ith r apid t ra-
verse, etc ~
)
N G X z F I
.
Nl3
,f~ 1n
Nl4
11 ()() -30
Nl2 13 33 - 2 ~00 15"0
11( 00 t 30
N!5 1S no 0 + 24nn
For one cut 4 blocks have t o be p r o-
gram=ed . A very ti~ consuming progr am-
ming . Therefore you use cyc l e G78 f or
threading .

4. 75
)
 G33/G78

Threading Cycle G78

As with the cycles for longitudinal tu~ning

also with the threading cyc l e 4 single
s t eps a~e put toqethe~ in one block .

Prograrr-<ning:

~!~e_!~
Enter the feed i n value in the X- column .

( ~!~!?- ~~
- Enter the thread length in the Z-co-
lumn.
- Enter t he pitch in hundred th of mrn in

I~J-
_:, 1~--
· k-1
the F-col wnn .

: ~!!!e~_L!- ~.:.
The repos i tioning of the tool bit to the
starting point is done autooatically.

Input format G78

N . ./G78/X± ... .IZ± .... .IF .. .I

( )

The speeds for the 4 steps

Step 1: Proqrar.Jr.ed thread pi tch

Step 2: Proqraar-..ed thread pitch
Step 3: Prograa.:ned thread pitch
Step 4: Rapid t r averse

4. 77
 Page 4 . 79/G33/G78

('
Possible cycles

( ) ( 1

A Right hand thread, exte rnal B Left hand thread, e xternal

s" No 12- 24.UNC IJ2!.20.UNF

right .!§!J
....--~F""""'9t-~ ,--.__,k==t-~

u ()

Pros:am for one cycle Prograo for one cyc l e

Input format G78 Input format G78

N . .IG78/X = - ... .I N . .IG781X = - ... .i
Z = - .... .IF = .. . Z = + ... . .IF = .. .

u )

4.79
 G33/G78

)
Possible cycles

A
~--~4~--~--~

\ )

A Rioht hand thread, externa l B Left hand thread, external

20

( )

Program for one cycle Program f or one cycle

Input format G78 Input format G78

N . ./G78/X = - .. ..I N . ./G78/X = - ... ./
Z = - .... .iF = .. . Z = + .... .IF = .. .

... )

4. 79
 Page 4.81/G33/G78

n ()

<.: I utenlal t hread , right h a nd D I n t ernal threa d , le f '!3

. 1/2-28.UNEF
fT/?'"7"/~~'?"""r"J...,.J

1/28 = .0 357 1" 1/16 = .0625"

Prcqram for one cyc l e Program f or the f i rst cyc l e.

2
600

Input format G78 Input format G78

N . .IG78/ X = + . . . .I N . ./G78/X =+ .. . .!

()
u

TECHNIQUE Or THREADING

Tool bit po sition at start of cycle G78

I. C'noose zero- point o f cycle such that

you keep a little distance t o t he
e nd o f the "·orkpi ece .

2 . 'l'he zero-poi nt of cycle should nei-

ther be to c l ose to the surfac e o f
the .,.,orkpiece . 1 t could scratch on
the sur f ace when ~oving back to the
starting position (step 4) .
So choose the zero -point of cyc l e at
u o , I run distance to the surf ace . l )

4.81
 G33/G78

C I nter na l thread , riqht hand o Interna l t hread , left hand

( )

Program for one cycle Program for the first cyc l e .

+2o

Input format G78 Input form at G78

N . ./G78/X =+ ... ./ N . ./G78/X • + . . .. I

( I

TECHNIQUE OF THREADI~G

Tool bit position at start o f cycle G78

I . Cnoose zero- point o f cycle such that

you keep a little di s t ance to t h e
end of t he ,;orkpiece .

2 . The zero-point of cyc l e should nei -

ther be to c lose to the surface of
the workpiece. I t could scratch on
the sur face when rroving back t o the
starting pcsition (step 4).
So choose the zero- point of cyc le at
o,l r.m dista nce to the sur face.

4.81
 Page 4. 83

( I

Programming exerci se 9 (G78)

LOok in the cha r t s for the de t ai l s
of the t h read.

f 0
- 20.UNEF
/'\J -J

'I
- ___",.. __ ·'o.
..... - . -
~•
1- · -
"6 -e
~ CIO

~ . ~

T
-. ---r- ·
/
() ~ ~
~-
(
. .os'lc 450
~.3'!.
1--.4" --
.9~! .

N G X z F

\
'-.-/

\ ' (

- ··-- · -

I' ---· -

---
'
·- -- . ·· - · -

.
.

u
4. 83
 ( )
Programming exercise 9 (G78)
LOok in the charts for the detai ls
of the thread .

,
-- ~ - --·~ -- r · - 1- -
V)
...r
)(
~ ~ 0
~
L
<'<

~~ 1
Jx 45°
( ) f-6- ~-- 10 -

20

N G X z F

'

I·

·- 1- -
-- . -

i >· ..

4. 83
 \
Control of Dimensions- Corrections of Dimensions

Hand-operated machine NC·Machlne

l~i th hand-operated machi nes the t urni ng
operation often ~ill ce interrupted for
rr.easurements.
Yo u position by r:.ea ns of the graduated
sca l e on t he hand~he e l , h~~evcr you
"'ill h ave to chec ~ the intermed iat e and
the final s i ze of the ~orkplece .
The c ore expe r i enced t he l a the operato~
the less i ntermediate ceasur cmcnt s he
11111 have to t~e .
To ~e asureis also necessary when using
1~ -cachines ; partic ularly when oanufac-
t ul'ing the f i rst workpi ece it i s o f ut -
rr~s t importance .
l>'ily are measut·err.e nts necessa ry?
- Setting of t ool bit not accurat e
- \~ear of bit edqe
- Pressure of the ch ip can often not be
calcu l ated (dcfor cation of machine a nd
~orkp iece poss ibl e )

( ) Corre ction s of dimensions

You have cer t a inly rea lized how t he cor -
rections can ce oade .
1. correction without a program change 2. Correction by program change during
or af ter t he nanufacture
Ho·.< di d ·.<c pos ition t he t ool bit for the
program start? Coocpare page 5.3 1
- Scratchinq the face side
- Scratchinq the outsi de
- Positioninq of t ool bit i nto start po-
sition

\•lhich mista kes can be n:ade?

- Diatr.eter of um:orked piece was not
checked
- Scrat c hing was not accurate
( ) This rr.eans that the qiven posit ion for
the program star t was not correct .

Correction after the first workpiece :

- Fini sh first workpiece

- l~easure

- corr ect start position o f tool bit f or

f ollo·.•ing workpi ece usinq ha nd-ope ra-
t i on mode

Correction during manufacture:

- Press key {!illl + IF~>'D I

Attention:
h'hat co you have to consider with a cor-
- Swi tch to ha nd-ope r ati on and correct rection du~ing rna nufacture?
\ I t ool bit.

4.85
 --
Oulllne programming

)
Programming the outline of a workpiece

IL ......
The .:orl<piece can als o be manufac tured
by out li ne/contour cuts to be executed
step by step.
- - -
Tnis rcethod is used when prefor~~d pie-
ces (cast- i ron par t, forg ing , r~lded

- .;--
:;:::.....- piece ) are turned .

f I . Roughi ng cut
2. Finishing cut

Method used on Compact 5 CNC:

Example: Working oul of lhe full

r"\
- - - . Fro~ t he e xampl e you see that the tool
b it exe cutes with prC<Jram:ned feed mallY
v "cuts in the air". Tnat r.eans l onger
working time .

Breal<-do-.-n of cuts:
First cut The nur.ber o f blocks in t he program is
however le ss . And this mea ns on the

1~--.----T,d
other hand less proqr~~ing tir.e and in-
put time .

r -- - - -"
0

--------------------------------------------------~
4.87
J
4.88
 Page 4 .89/0utllne programming

Programming example:
)
Depth of c u t per run • .OS"

R.2s•

( )
.s" -.j..oo-- .s" --~
,_- -- - - - 2.2:·•:__- - - -- ---l

Programming t he outline of t he lwrk-

.f
I • Tool bit position - Program s'tart
(firs t r un) piece

Bloc ks 1:00 to 1110

2• Tool bit position - Program end

(after first run)
N G . X z F

00 00 0 - 50 -
• Start position for second run
0( 0{ so -50 3o
0'1. 01 0 - 250 30
02> (J2. A50 30 -
( O't 01 · SO -50 :30 - (
O.r; 01 0 -300 30
06 01 -250 -500 30
01 01 0 -0oo ?Jo' -
08 02, . 250 3o
()~ O..f 0 -350 __QQ_ .
40 0~ -100 _ o_ _QQ_ _
11 00 0 2250
112 co - If()()

N11 ,
~----
Tool bi t posi tion at program end

Nil Move back i n +Z-axis

N12 Move back in - x -ax is
The tool bit is positioned .OS" (whe n
( j depth of cut is .OS" over the program ( )
start poin t.
4.89
 Outline programming

)
Programming example:

Depth of cut per run = I ~

f-

- + r -lx4 so

t ) 9

-r--12
~~
to -~o---16 --~

._---------- 44 -----------.~

I • Tool bi t pos ition - Program start Prograrr:ning t he outline o f the l<erk-

( first run) piece

Bloc~s
...
::oo to :Ho

2 • Tool bit position - Prograo end N G X z F

(first run)
_Q_q_ _QQ_ _ q__ - 100 - ---- -
\ • Start position for second run
_Qj__ - 01 _Jg_() -- - -: 100 - 109_ -
' ) .QL 1 __2_ _ - soo-
-100
03 - 02 300 ------- 100 - -
_Q!j_ _Q1_ . 100 lj)__ _tg_o_ -
OS" 01 0 00 100
.PL - soo _-=-.1flPJL 10Q_ -
_fl._ ·J- 0 - -1- --- (, 00
.!!. 1QL 1-
8 soo 1100
0 -- _100~ -
0 -- 1QL -
00
oo - 800 - - - - - -·-

N11
~-- --
Tool bi t position at program end

Nil }love back in +Z-a xi s

N12 1-:ove back in - x-a x is
The tool bit i s pos i tioned I um (whe n
depth of cut is 1 rrml over the program
star t point .

4.89
-
 Page 4. 9!/0utllne programming

Manufacture:

Tool bit position - first run

We have determined the maximum depth of

cut with . OS " : thus the tool bit has to
be positioned for the first run off the
workpiece outside line. X=- .0 5"

() (

~~~
Execution of further outline/contour
cuts

By pressing the key START, t he fol lowi ng

cuts will be executed .
'-----------------N"'

() (

(J ( )

4. 91
 Outline programming

Manufacture:

Too l bit pos i t ion - f i rs t r u n

l~e h ave determined the maximum depth of

cut with 1 !M l : thus the tool bit has to
b e pos i tioned f or the f i rs t run X= - I m:n
off the workpi ece ou tside line .

( l
Execution o f f urther outline/ contour
~

By pressing the key STARl', the fo llo>.'ing

cu ts ·.<i ll b e e xecuted .

4.91
J
 Exercises

Exercises

TECH!IOLOGICAL DATA

Max . Cutting Speed : Nax . Feed:

Turning: Alumini UM 2So m/ oin Turn ing : Aluninium o , oS r~/rev.

Brass: I SO m/oin Brass: o,oJ ~~/rev .
Parti ng o ff : Aluminiu~ ISo o/min Par ti ng off: Aluminiuo o , o2 ~~/rev .
Brass: 12om/min Brass: o , o2 ~~/rev .
~!a x . dep t h of cut: approx . I rtn

Workpiece time and production time

I. l~orkpiece t i "'e = Portion of setting

til!.e
+ ~!ounting and dis-
r.,o unting tirr.e
+ Production tiu.e
+ :.:easut·ement tirr.e

\
2. Production peri od = Time passing
from pressing key iSTARTito finish
of ma nufactur e (i . e . sl i des have
~~ved back to starting posi tion for
ne xt workpi ece) .

The production time (t. ) Is divided Into

Secondary Til!c ( t 0 ) l ~ain ti[r.e (ch ip remova l titnc tn)

( ) • Tio:e during operation, ·.-~hen there is a Total of tir.e during which chip is re-
no chip r er.:oval. r..oved.
( = ti~e for t ool change or t i oe i n which
slide coves «ithout any ch i p reiD:>val)

The total of t i mes (..·orkpiece tic:e ) and

the rat io of secondary and main tice
depends on the program which you a re
doing.

( )

4.93
 Exercises

)
The ratio between input- and programming time
(tp) to production time (te)

Technologica l data such as

- max. cutting speed
- max . depth of cut
- max . feed rate
are mainly given. The chip r emoval e x-
pert 1dll influence production time,
surface quality and prec ision achieved
by vari at ions of the t echnological data.
....-- The most important factor in fluencing
the production ti me will hC'..:eve r be the
way hC'..: the prograu~ing is done .

) Example
The ·.wrkpiece has to be r..anu factured .

Programmi ng 1: Contour programming (pro - PrograrrL-:ling 2:

f ile programming)
1nth contour prograrrming the p rogran -
mi ng time and input time ,;1 11 be very
short. T'ne production tir:.e hC'..:e ver
quite long, since there are secondary
times.
Targe t is to achieve a very short '.10rk -
piece tir..e , that r.:eans very short secon-
dary ti mes too. So in most cases the
prograr.ming and input ti me •. .:ill be l ar-
ger .

Pro<Jramming and input time (tp l Progra~ing and input tir:e (tpl

\-:orkpiece time (te l Workpiece time (te l

Secondary ti(c.e <tnl

.
Secondary ti rr.e <tn l
{ ) :O!ai n tir.:e (till Nain tirr.e ( t h)
'

Conclusion:
The programmer .,;ill decide ~<hich way to
go depe nding on the number o f •,;orkpie-
ces. He has to optinize bet·,; ee n tilT.~
necessary for progranming and workpiece
time .
)

4.95
 --
Exercl

-
~--~-----------------------
Figure 1: Pawn

- 33
20
,

(
9

. 3

... ~

~ ~
"'
'G
!!' . . - . 2
'G -...,
'G

17.

y
':-
~v
)
4 .
22
-

Figure 2: Bishop
45

36
16 ~

11
) 1x45°
~

. 6

0 !!' .
-
v - 2
__...
-
v
.~

~~ 1 - 2 ,_
6
'G 6

-
6

v
2 2
-
\ . 45
;
)

4.97
 Exercis es
~··--------------------------- Figure 3: Castle
----------------~
( 5)

6
2x45°
2x45°

- - I"
1-- 1--
_...... 1\

0 co 0 0
~ ~ - - - - ~

'& '&
'S N
'&

1-- 1--
f-
~ ............ 1/

2 2 4
) 4.5 I • 4 15

, 4 - 22
29
40

• ••••nn~mm•••mM••••••••• • •• •• ••• •••

Figure 4: Knight
.ll
.li
.ll
_15
}
. 5 8

~ ~
0
N
'$.
~
'$.
- . - - - 0
~

'$. ~

•
/
22

4 .99
 Figure 5: Queen
-
Exercises

55
39
33
15
6 .5 12
y l;7
00
"""<
/
M
& - ;!
'$
- '$
0
-- - "
'$
'!1
'$

'

-
~
y( ~'
.
3 3
,

••••••a•••••••••~•••••••••a••••••
Figure 6: King
65
50

- 19
13
75

v-
7
•
l
_....,... ~
1\.

0
N
'G. 'Q
co
~
- 'Q $
0
.. :! - f - - · - ;!
·-s. - - __,_
. $-
N ~
'Q

,....,_, - -
II" I ~ 1'-
::!!
Q: -""' ~~
3 3 •
- - - -

i. 33
r
)

4 .1 01
 I

x· )

5. Program Input

,.

./ )

. )
.
Input format 5. 1 -5. 3
Process of putting In data 5. 4 -5.5
Program input 5. 7 - 5.9
Take over of registered values 5. 11
Operating elements
Figure keys, word display, memory key,
delete key 5. 13. 5. 27

Double key·s
Program hold
II }
Program interruption
Delete program 5. 29-5.35
 ---
Program Input

Program Input

The knobs , d igi tal read-outs and syrrnols

may confuse you at t he beginning a
little bi t. It is bet ter to start with
putting i n a simp l e program and go
th rough the key-functions step by step.
In half-an-hour you will cer t ainly be
familiar with it .

PROCRA:·I INPU'l '

Sum:nary:

I!E£J c input l<ey

(DEL} a dele t e key
(FWD) = advance by block
(REVl c reve rse by block
1-1 = back. by word
(F'..;OJ + lmPI = hold in prog r am
(ItiPl + (REVI = interruption of program
(IIIPI + (REVI = delete a l arm
Press (DELl then @ill • de l ete program

5. 1
 Program input

Input format
)
Tne input forma t prescribes which i nfor-
mation has to be put in and which not.
The input for mat depends on the G-func-
tion.
Tne co~puter a sks certain inputs for
the relative G-func tion .

Input format
N •• /GOO/X . • • ./

Let 's take the first block agai n.

I ~ ~ 1-~~ z
F

\ )
~!ode of operation: Ct>C-operation

•••••••• GD •••••••• •••••••• QD ••••••••

I ~ ready for the f irst
block HOO.

l-Ie put in l OCO - and press lwP!.

)
We press key IINP~
........ ~ ........
•••••••• GD •••••••• 'r:~u , ..-ell, you i ntend to t:.O '-'C
wi th rapid t.ra ..'(l rse spee-d by
to ~ in X-ninus- d irection . I
have er.o1.Jgh in fomation for
b lock W::O ar.d I t ready for
i•:nat do y ou vA.nt ·..-i th lZOO? b loc:.C t:Ol .
Wait for your input for G!

)
•I

We put in 00 and press IHIPI

5.3
 What happens when data Is put In?

We put in GB4.

I. Secretary (interface element) reports 4. The director instructs t he memory

· to d i rector: operating program (RJIM=Random access
u:ernory) :
"So::-ebody wants G84!"
"Reme:nber .G84"

2. Di rector (CPU~Cen tra l Processing Unit 5 . 'Ihe memory reports to the director:
5Hi c roprocessor ) asks his specialists :
"O.k., I have noted' it dO"I'I'n! "
11
Can ne execute G84? ,.

3. The s pecialists ( EPRO~:~Programmable 6 . Director instr ucts his press-speaker

read-only memory) t hi nl< and inform (output element ) :
the director: "Sho-"' them out there, that we arc
"Yes ~e can!" clear with GB4. We have everything
understood and ready for further i n-
puts !"

5. 4
 Dala lnpul

What happens when Data is put in?

Data Input Digital read-out

( )

Central processing Output element

Interface element
unit = Microprocessor (press speaker)
(secretary) (Director)

l )

) Operating program =
EPROMS (Speci<~lists) Memory = RAM L - - - -- - - -----'

5.5
 Program input

Program Input dl

.At I
N OI

- HCoO N G X z F B<

00 00 - 1000 a

tJ 0-1
Q2
oo
22
0 - ~00

( )
I . Switch on ma in switch:

£!=- §""!! y--

The control l arr.p "current supply " and th e
(~~~-·~<'!JC.lll1CCr.,""ilCUf:O ~ a n~ lamp indicating the c.o de of oper ation
"ha nd operation" light up.

2. Press key IH2CT

The light j u.Tops from " hand- operation "

§]o 11
to Cl~C-operatiOJ\ 11
e

On digital read- out the light o f ad-

dress "N" lights up and y ou can read
00 .

l )
3. Press key~

(= instruction t o regi s ter }:00)

The b l ock ntur.ber !100 is reg istered . At
the s ame time the light jumps to t he
«Ord indication G . Th e compute r is wait-
ing f or t h e input o f G .

II G X Z F A
000000

o0 .."©"""."
~
0 :::G
...
e.-/M
r oql5
, ) E1 000§3 ~ 4. Put in 00:
0ITJITJ§j Ot3
00 appears on the digital read-out.

5. 7
~----------------------------------------------------------------P_r_o~g-ra~m~in~p~u~~-

,......,.
N G X Z F A
000000
~
0

5. Press key [iill1

GOO is r egistered . The light of the ~ord

indication jumps to x.

N G X Z F A
000000 6. Put in l ooo- :
( ) ~
I• 1000io The value put in appears on the digital
read- out .. The minus s i gn "-" is put in
000§3 ~
after the figures . It is sho~n on the di -
gi tal read- out as point. If there is no
00G8 °'3 minus - sign put in , then the val ue is au-
to:na tically "+".

7 . Press key flNi1

X- l ooo is t·egistered. The co::'tp uter "knO"..:s"
that the block NOO i s f inished. The l ight
jumps toN. On the digital read- out the
( ) val ue Ol = NO ! appears .

8 . Put in second block in the sa ~e

·~ay .

9. G22 = Program end has to be put in.

lo. Press key !sTART l T"ne progran r .uns.

NCY-< you have ,;ritten your f i rst pro-

gram, you have put it in and the !!!a -
c hine exe cutes it .

( )

5.9
 Take over of registered values

Take over of registered values from previous blocks

By pressing t he key (INPI the c.err.ory t akes

over the val ue o f the relative word cc-
lunm G,X,Z,F which has b een registered
last.

Example 1
Block NOO i s prograrr~~d.

Exarnplu 1and2 In block 1:01 the address letter G

lights up .
\ ) N G X z F
- Press key (INPI The val ue 00 lights up
shor tly a nd is registered i n block NOI.
00 tOO I 1000 -
1 01 'oo 0 S'oo
Ol 01 0 100 100,

1oo' ~
03 00 soo
Oft 01 2,{)0 zoo

Example 2
In block N02 we prograr..med FIOO. This is
the value for F wh i ch was put in last.
If you press fiiiP~ no·" FIOO t<ill be taken
over into b l ock N04 .

Exan1ple 3
Example3
N G X z F
You have registered block t:03 . You s ee by
00
01
02
00
00
8~
-SOQ
0
-100 -
- Jrog:'<:-
1000
-
100
-SOO
chance tha t the Z-val ue of block NO! is
wrong . You correct it irrc"ediate ly, e.g . t o
Z = - Soo and continue with put ting in
block N04 .
03 glj - 200 - 1000 I f you press (INPI with the Z-value i nput
Olt gl( - 300 - 1000"' also will register t he va l ue which was put
in last, e.g. z = - Soo •

.{ )

5. 11
\
 Operating elements
~------------------------------------------------------------------- -

Operating Elements CNC-Operation

1. Option key: Hand operation -

CNC-operatlon (H/C - pos. 1.)

@
( )

.1i!!!!!H:.
l!lli!iilll iiii""llll
iill!i!!ifj;
i!I!::::!!H
COMPUTER NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED !Jjijjjjjl!i !iii iii 'Willi I"

( )

By pressing the key IH/C( you cha nge f ro:n

hand operation to Ct<C-oper ation.
The mode in operation is indicated by
l a or.p (E> 0) (position 2) or c~ o ) (posi-
tion 3) .

To put in a program you have to change

over to cue-operation . lifter that you
cannot ~~ve the slides by hand-operation
a nymore.

I )

5. 13
 Operating elements
--------------------------------------------------~ ~
( I

The Figure Keys

D Wi t h the f igure keys you ent er

- G- functions (GOO, GOI, G21 etc.)

- X- and Y-values
- Feed sizes
- Thread pitches

The values ~hich are entered appear on

the digital read-out (4).
( )

The Minus-Sign KeyE}(5)

x- or Z-values can have a minus or a

plus sign.

Plus sign input for X,Z:

( ) t '·' I • I Put in figures only .

Hinus sign input for X,Z:

After input of figures press EJ key·

The minus sign -..•ill appear as a point
on the digital read-out.

~~~..~~!!:.:.
X c -14oo
Input: (][j)!Ql[QJG

I )

5. 15
 Operating elements
------------------------------------------~--~

The Word Display (6)

~·

()n@
!)

~
·.o_:El 0
"""'""'
El 0 0 [!)13 §I
( ) 0 0 GE!l C,!)
El¢-8 CQ000 •!•
El G0EJB B Th e lamp s for the •. ;ord displa y light up
and inform you ~hich instr uction to
e n ter .
:i"
11 illljlh .!:·!iiliil
j'll"""
'I
Ill"' "
''ltliii!!:
ll1L....;
u!l ... m! I! .... N = block m1:1ber
'"!
:u "'I I
m. "I 1
:::i I •• jj:! :, G = path function
ONTROLLEO '!fiiii!i!l' iii! !!! iiHH! P x, z • values
F a feed I thread pi tch

N G X Z f A
\ ) ""'0 . :.E]
k© 000000
3
. ..
(I 0
0 .. Ex ample :
ro-/M
Lamp X lights. The digital read-out (4 )
i s dark. Value X can be put in a nd
appears on t ho digital r ead- o u t .

( )

5. 17
 Operating elements

ThehNPlkey {7) - Memory Key

l111Pl• I nstr uction to the comput er , t o

registe r the entered va l ue.

liNPl • Abbreviati on for Input

( )

- Lamp X ligh t s up.

( ) - Value 235o is ent ered . Digital read-
out ind ica ted value , but is only in-
forr.ation and not in the co~puter .

- You press lu:PI

By pressing this key , figures are re-
gistered and dar ken on the digita l
read- out. At the saree t i c e the light
j uzps to the next let t er. The next
figures ca n b e put in.

I )

5. 19
 Operating elements

G X Z F A
00000
~
0

"DEL" is the abbreviat ion of "delete",

~hich means to cancel , to extin9uish .

() You can delete the value of the let ter

(X, G, Z, F) whi ch is ind icated by push -
ing once "DEL'' ke;• .

II G X Z F A
""-. 0 00 00 0
~ . rQ)_:B .
1 - --

5201 0
---..
~

t"~/t::n

El · Exaoplo: You want to change value X from

52o to 25o .

( )
F A
00
~
0

1. Press JDELl l<ey, t he value 52o will dis-

appear .

2. Put i n the ri9ht value (25o) .

3. Press lwPI key, value X is reg i stered;

( ) ligh t jumps to the next letter.
'

5.21
 Operating elements
------------------------------------------------
, l
TheiFWDikey (Forward Key)
Instruction: to jum p forward block-by-block

G X Z F A
00000
9
0

N G X z F

- I. If G,x,z or F are on disp l ay,

then program wil l ju10p to next
block nu..T:ber , when you t o uch key
lruol once.

N G X z F

u 2. If block nur.ber II is indicated:

you pr ess key IP«DI once and
progr am will ju~p to next block
nw::.ber .
N G X z F

\) -
- 3. If you keep key In;ol pressed
do~n , program wi ll jump block-by-
block to prograt' end .

5.23
•
 Operating elements

( )

TheiREVIkey (Reverse Key)

Instruction: to jump back in program block-by-block

( )

N G X z F

I. G, X,Z or F-value are i ndicated on

- the ~igiJal read- out. If you press

key REV , t hen it wi l l jwnp back
to the block nu~ber.

N G X z F

()
2. If is indicated on
b lo~k nurr~er
~tal r ead- out , you press key
, then the program will j ump
to the previous block'

N G X z F

·~ •

3. If block nu1rber is indicated on

display read-out and you carry
- on to press key IREVI (or keep it
pressed dm·m ) , t hen it ·.< ill j ur.-.p
( ) back block-by- block to nurrJ)er 00.

5.25
--
 Operating elements

The 8 Key
Instruction: to jump forward within one block

""" . N G
0 0000 0
X Z F A

~
~~~©,;B
..-~/rVI
I I 0

EJ 0008 §I
( ) 000~ 1\13
B .P. B CiJ00 §l •!•
EJ G0EJB 1~..·1

By pressinq the key 1-1 the

proqram will jump to the next
word. Tne entered va lue of the
next word •..:ill appear on the di-
qital read- out .

N G X z F

( )

5.27
 Double keys

I )
Hold with every Word during
Program Operation:IINPI + IFWDJ

Program hold = liNPl + lF>'IDl

The slides · stop. Tne computer kn~hs the
actual position of the slides.

To cont inue program operation = press

key lSTARTl

( ) ~rogram hold?

You can
- take measurements,
- change posi tion of tool bi t ,
- correct program.
- +-- -+-- . - --. _ _,__
1. Taking measures, changing position
& of tool bit without changing the program

!:~:!'!'~!~ ~
You want to check , whether diame ter i n
block tio2 is correct (possible reasons for
mistake: tool bit posi tion was incorrectly
set at program start) .

Measuring
( )
1. Press lwPI + ln ml
2. Switch off main spindle
3. Take measurements

N G X z F
correction
00 Oo - 500 - Your rr-easurerr~nt t e lls you that the dia.
o-t 00 0 - ~00 is by o , l o m.<n too J.arge .
Ol K~ -100 - 1100 go 1. Switch on main spindle
O:{ g~ -200 - 1 1M 8o . 2 . PresslH/C~
Oil i~ -300 - 1100 go Feed in tool bit by o,oS Ir<D'.

OS
Program continuation
I. Change over to CNC- cperation
2 . Press lSTARTlkey.

( )
'

5.29
 Double keys
-.-

2. Correction of program with!INPI + (FWDI

Press liNPl and lFiiDJ.

Cor recti on o f program within i nterrup-

ted b l ock :

G,X,Z , F va l ues can b e changed.

- The correc tions on G, X,Z are only

e ffec tive in the next run of t he pro-
gram.

- Tne F- correc tion i s already effective

( ) in the actual run of the b l ock .

N G X z F

00
01
cJ200
01 ~
03 ~~ - too -~' ~- r-- 100
04
Exar.,ple :

You hold in b lock r:o3 ·with JwPI +lnm~

Tool bi t position as i ndicated.
1--- 100 - -+I You change the z- value from 1000 to
() 1100. Tnis correction wi l l not be
I effective in the actual run of the
block , but with the next r un of the
\ - -1-- -- - - - -1--
program.

- You change the F-value from F8o to

Floo . Tn is correction is ef fective
s till i n the actual run of the b l ock .

Corrections of program for next b lr.cks

Corrections o f program for the follc~ing

block will becor.e e ffec tive still within
the actual program run.

( )

5. 31
~-----------------------------------------------------------0--oublekeys

Program HoldUNPI + IREVI

Press keys [Tilli + IREvl. The block nwro.ber

jumps back to tWO. The corputer " forgets "
the position of the t ool bi~.

Attention:
If you pr ess ISTARTI after IINPI +I REV~ the
program sta rts wi t h block NOO. The tool
bit is s til l in t he posi tion as it was ,
when liN PI+ IREv! was pressed.
( NOO ' / NOl' /N02 ' would be the traver se o f
the t ool bi t i f you pressed iSTAR~.

NO

N OO

1-!eas urements:
( ) ~ou have to bring the tool bit before
START in a posi t ion of a b lock star t.

Exa<tple:

- Position the t ool bit i n posi tion of

cyc le star t G04. G04 is block nwrber r:o2
( the pos it ioning is done in "hand-ope-
ra tion") .

- To uch key JFWol until block munber No2

<.. ) appears .
•
- Press keyJSTART~ Tne progr~~ s tarts with
1{02 .

5. 33
 Double keys

Delete a registered Program

Possibility 1
Switch off main switch.

( ) Possibility 2
Press emergency stop.

G X Z f A Possibility 3
00000
~ If you see a block number indicated on
O'D'j o digital read-out (1\00, NOl , N02 ... ) you
have to:

Delete:

First press key (DELl then (INP( (DEL

remains pressed dawn).

Tne regis tered program is dele ted .

The digital read- out sha•s NOO .

~ )

\ )

5.35
 I

, )

6. Alarm Signs

'.

( )

\)

) Causes - Measures
 Page 6. 1/Aiarm signs

Alarm Signs
()

N G X Z F A
oooooe
·' 04 1~
k~en you put in dat a to

Jl which the cor-puter does not

will indicate alaro.
000~~
A
Lattp o will light up and a nwrber
., 000~ !lt3 will appear on the digi t al read- out.
This number encodes the type of
alarm.

Putln alarm signs (summary)

AOO - Undefined dimensions progra~ed A07 - Undefined angle prograrr~d

( ) Ex~p le for wrong input: If you The follzyNin9 ratios for angles ca·
put in G25 , lamp A wi ll light up be put i n: ratio ' x:Z (1 -39): (1 -39). '
and digital read-out wil l i ndi- For f ur t her explanations p l ease see
cate 00 . "Taper turnin9 !11

11.01 - Undafined radius prog r~ed

....
The follow ing rad ii can be pro-
grau~ed:So, loo, !So , 2oo, 25o
... 19So. Example for wrong in-
put: X 121o: Lamp A will light
up, digital read- out wi l l indi- ·
cate 01. ALARM SIGNS - TAPE OPERATI ON
11.02 - X-value too big AOS - End of tape when tape operation
~lax. value for X: ± 1999 · ~
(1.999") 11.09 - Program not found
11.03 - False F-value prograrr~ed A1o - Wr iting protection active
( ) ( }
Possible input: 1- 199 (.1-19,9" All - Load i ng mistake (LOAD)
per minute,
11.12 - Checking mistake (CHECK)
A04 - z-value too bi g

Hax. value f or Z: ± 19999

(19.999")
AOS - llo p r ogram end programmed

If you f orget to put in G22 a t the

program end and you press the START
l<ey, the alarm lamp will light. ALARH SIGNS - FOR ~IE'TRIC/INCH VERSION ~!A­
CHINE ONLY
A06 - Revolut~on of ma in spindle too
fast wh'e n threading
11.13 - Changeover inch/metric with full
This alarm will not be during the program register
input of the program but only du-
u ring the operati on G33 or G78 it-
self . '
11.14- Wrong dimensions for program. loade! ~
•
("

6. 1
 Alarm signs

) Alarm Signs

I" G X Z f A
000000

o41 ~
~~en y6u put in data to
] 1 which the cor-putor does not
~will indicate alarm.
kn~h , it

E100§1 §]
~

Lamp ~ wiH ligh t up and a number

El00§1 fll3 will appear o";, the digi t.a l read-out.
;o'J'his nurber encodes the type of
,., ala ro, '

/ /

/ Put In alarm signs (summary)

AOO - Unde fi ned dicensions programmed ~ A07 - Undefined angle progra~~d

:>
&xar:ple for wr ong input : If you
put in G25 , l amp A '"ill ligh t up
and digita l read- out will indi-
cate 00.
/
AOI - Undefined r adius prograr.med
/
The follaNing ratios for angles can
be put in: ratio X: Z (1-39): (1 -39 ).
For further explana tions please see
"Taper tur ninqnl

The fo ll~"in g radii can be pro- \

grammed: So,1oo,l5o, 2oo ... 59oo.
Example for wrong input: x 121o:
Lamp A will light up, digita l
read-out wi 11 indicate 01.
' A02 - X- value too b ig
Maximum value for X: !5999
(59, 99 rr.tn)
) A03 - False F-valuo prograr..med
Possible input: 1- 499 mm/ ci n.
ALAR!-! SIGNS - TAPE OPERATION
I I
; A09- End of tape when t ape operation
~
'•
A09 - Program not f ound
1\lo - Writing protection active
.(;/
All - Loading mistake (LOAD)

A04 - z- value too big 1\12 - Checking mistake (CH ECK)

Haximuro value for z: :!:39999
(399' 99 mJ:>)

AOS - llo program end prograrr.med

If you forget to put in G22 at the

program end and you p r ess the START
key , the alarm l amp wil l light. ALl\RH SIGNS - FOR HE'l'RIC/INCH VERSION HA-
CfiiNE ONLY
AOG - Ravolutl.on of ma in s pind l e too
fast when threading
1\13 - Changeover inch/~etric with full
This alarm will not be during the program register
) input of the program bu t only du -
r ing the operation G3 3 or G78 it- 1\14 - Wrong di~ensions for program l oaded
self.

6. 1
 'I

I
What happens when wrong
data Is put In - Alarm sign
/ /
/ //
We put in aX-va lue 8o2,4o; i .e. for the
cross slide a traverse path of Bo2,4o ~~. '

I. The secretary (in terface element) re-

ports :
~'They want X = 9o2,4ol" (
2. The director (central processing unit ,
microprocessor) asks his specialists:
"Can \\~e execute X = So2, 4o?"

3. The specialists (operating program)

ans\\·er:
"No, z.tister Director!"

4. The director instructs his speaker

(output element):
"Te ll them out there , we cannot do
that! ..
'·

6.2
 What happens when wrong Data Is put in?
--- Data Input

Oala Input Oala on dlgilal read·oul

lnlerlace elemenl Cenlral processing Oulput elemenl

unil • Microprocessor (Press.
(Secrelaty)
(Director) Speaker)

Operaling p rogram
( • EPROM
(specialists)

6.3
 Alarm signs
----------------------------------------
)

Measures for alarm signs

•rne alarm signs AOO/A01/A02/A03/ A04/ A07

will appear as soon as you put in an un-
defined value (put in = press l!§!iJ key).

Example: Put in the foll~<ing program:

N G X z F

00 00 8000
I ) N G X Z F A
f) ""'. 000000
:!)
0 ~@::B
w
r~k:.n
... I 03~1 0 The value X Sooo is too big4 As ;oon as
you put in 8ooo and press the liNPI :<ey ,

EJ ,..., 000§3 ~
the alarm sign will appe ar. On the digi -
tal read- out the type of alarr:l, in this
r-1 ..L
000~ f)l3 case A03 = X-value too big , will be in-
dicated .

N G X Z F A
0 00000
:!)
0

~~easut:es:

(\ ) 1. Press liNPI + [R?VJ at the sar..e time. Tne

alarm sign disappears and the entered
x- value appe ars.

II G X z F A
0 0 0 0 0 0
(l ""' ' ~)
0 . IQ)~.B
. .., I
,..- ! r::r.
I 0

El 0008 El
,......., , ,..., 00G~ (il 3 2 . Press lDELI a11d the x - value 8ooo ·.-~ill be
cancelled.

) 3 . Put in correct X- value (e.g. X-8oo),

press jlllPU n~< the correc t X- value is
registered, the word indicati on j umps
to the next le tter .

6. 5
J
 Alarm signs
~---------------------------------------------------
)

Main spindle speed too high for threading

The a l aro s ign A06 docs not appear du-

ring the program input (or when press-
{ ) ing the START key), but during the pro-
gram ope r a ti on i t self .

Before a block G33 or G78 is started,

the corrputer checks the mai n spi ndle
speed. If it is too high , the alarm A06
appears . The p rogram is interrupted.

P.easur es:

I . Uy~er spindle speed (either change

pulley position or use potentiometer) .

2 . Press !INPI +!REV~

The a l arm sign will disappear . The
program operation can continue .
( )

( )

6. 9
J
 I
'
( 'I

7. Magnetic Tape Operation

, ..

. )

Modes of operation: SAVE, CHECK 7. 1 . 7. 5

Mode of operation: LOAD 7. 7
Summary 7.9
Alarm signs 7.11
Alarm AOS 7. 13
AlarmA09 7. 15
Alarm A 10/A 11 7. 17
Alarm A 12 7. 19· 7. 21
Mode of operation:ERASE 7.23
Program interruption 7.23
·. ) Putting in the tape 7.25
 Magnetic tape operation

Magnetic Tape Operation

) The tape enables you to store p rograms
and t o f eed them into the computer oe-
mory.

<

1. Storing on tape
To t ransmit f ro~ co~pu ter mecory to
1 tape : l~e call t his mode o f operation
SAVE or CHECK.

2. From tape Into computer

10 transmit the program from tape in-
to the computer meu~ry : we cal l this
r.ode of operation LOAD .

Some data
- 1-:eU>Or y cap{lci t y per tape side: approx.
4oo blocks .
- Operation tlce per t ape side : approx.
9 o sec .

Operation advice
1. use on ly digi ta l cassettes 3. Main drive motor must not r un during
LOAD , CHECK, SAVE and ERASE operation.
2. Erase new cassettes completely (see
) page 7 . 23 ). The t est impulse from 4 . Do not put do·"n t ape near ma in motor .
the fi nal control of the producer can
cause Alarm All or Al2.

7. 1
J
 Modes of operation SAVE/CHECK
----------------------------------------------------------- -~

Magnetic Tape Operation

Transmission of a program from machine memory to magnetic tape

Mode of operati on
SAVE = t ransmit from machine memory to magnetic tape
=
CHECK control of t ra nsmitted (loaded) program

I . Press key r:;) until word i ndication G lights up . Press key IDELl
The i ndicated va l,ue d i sappea rs fro:n the dig ita l read-out.

) 2. Put in G65.
Press keys @(ID[!iliil. On t he read-ou t you see C i ndicated. lc I I I I I
magneti c cassette tape operation .

3. Press key fF§?l

On the read-out appea rs lc I IP I

4, Put in program nurber.

You can put i n figures ooo - o99
oo- o9
0 - 999
The sequence of t he figures can be chosen as you like. Example for
inpu t of a program with nWl'.ber 76: Press keys [2JI&J,

l )
5 . Press key~
Tne t ransmission I loading starts.

5 .1. First free space on the tape i s sought.

If there are not data on the tape, it will advance approx . 4 se-
conds and rm<ind approx. 2 seconds .

Band 1<1 thout data on: 4 sec. advance

2 sec. rewind

c:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~::::::~~~dTape begin
Tape e nd Transmission SAVE

7.3
 Modes of operation SAVE/CHECK

I f there are already dat a/programs loaded on the tape , then t he tape
will advance to the end of the program which was l oaded las t . Then
advance 4 seconds and rewind 2 seconds.

Tape with proorar.s already loaded:

4 sec. advance

Transmission SAVE

I )

5.2. Transmission operation SAVE

The digital read- out i ndi cat es le i lsi AI I I
SA is the abbreviation for SAVE.
The program/ data are "saved" f rom the machi ne memory - .,.,here t hey
could be de l eted - onto the tape .

5. 3. At t he end o f the transmission ope r ation the tape rewinds t o the

tape start.

5.4. Control opera t ion CHECK

The digita l read- out indicates lei lc iHIII
The data in t he mach ine meroory are compared with the data l oaded on
the tape .
If you have already programs loaded on the tape, then the digita l
( ) read-out will indicate these on the read- out whi l s t t he t ape ad-
vances . It wil l advance t o the progr am loaded last and t he n the
"CHECK" wi ll be carr i ed out.

CHECK o f loaded program

6 . After CHECK t he t ape rewinds . Tne pr ogr am is loaded on the tape.

( )
Pl ease never take ou t tape duri ng operat i on!

7.5
 Mode of operation LOAD

Transmission of program from tape to machine memory

Mode of operation LOAD

I. Press key 1-. J unti l word indication G lights up. If a f i gure of the
G-function appears , press key DEL . Then indication on read-out
disappears.

2. Put in G65 .
Press keys [§J~I INP). Read- out indicates lei I I I I

3 . Press key INP.

Read- out indicates lei IPI J.

4 . Put in number of program .

E. g . for program nur.ber 76 you press keys IIJ® On r ead- out: lei IP) 7)6J

5 . Press key [NPl.

5 . I . The program number !21[§] is loo:<ed for .

If you have other programs on the tape already, then these nwr.bers
appe ar on the digital r ead-out.
or

5 . 2. Loading :
) "n en the wanted p rogram 76 i s found, the l oading operation star t s .

On t he digi tal read- out you see le i IL JOI I

LO is the abbreviation for "load".

5 . 3 . Aft er the loading is done, the t ape rewinds. The r ead- out sh~~s NOO.
Program nurr.ber 76 is stored in the machine computer.

6 . If you press keyi START j then the program star ts operating.

Program 76 @ Program 75 @ Program 74 E) Tape begi n

~
le I jLJoJ le I IPI7J41
)

7. 7
 Summary

From tape to machine From machine to tape

SAVE , CHECK

I. Put in G 65 G I. Put in G65 · G

• I I (6lsl • ,...
w.-.-_...,..filiJ
.,.s- . .
(

2. Press (wPI 2 . Press (wPI

lc I I I I I lei I I I I

3 . Press (INPI 3 . Press (f"1Dl

lc I IPII I

4. Put in prograo nurrner 4. Put in prograo nurrber

1.-c,...l....I....,
P 1.-. ..,1'
,...1. ·· le i IP I. I-1

5 . Press II NPI 5. Press lllili

Program is sought and will be
- Free space on t ape is sought .
l oaded in machi ne.
- Hachine program is trans~nitted/
\ ) lc I IL iol I loaded on t ape (SAVE )
ITII0l
- Loaded program on tape is checked/
co::>pared with machi ne progran.
@J lci HI I
6. If program is loaded in ma- 6 . I f operation is through , then in-
Ch i ne , then read-out i ndicates: dication on read-out:
ll
• 00
.II
N
~~-.-..,-..,
lolo I
. Program can be started.

7.9
•
J
 Alarm sign

Alarm Signs - Tape Operation

(Summary)

AOB - Tape end reached duri ng l o ading of

program from machi ne memor y t o
tap e (only with mode o f operation
SAVE)

A09 - Selected program cannot be found

(mode of operation LOAD) . Tape is
fu ll . G22 is not put in in select,e d
pr ogr am (code of operat ion LOAD) .

\ ) Al o -Wri ting protect i on active

All - Loading mistake

Al 2 - Checking mistake

General
h~en swi tching off mach ine (also ~hen cur-
rent b r eaks d~~n) an interference pulse
is put onto the tape . Tnis i nterference
pu l se does not have any effec t since the
loading start only after 2 seconds of
( tape advance.

ThUS :
Tape has to be rm<ind (auto;ratically). lle-
ver t ake tape out during re·.dnd operation.

------------------------~----~--~ ~~~ Tape

.....___._..........,_...._ begi n
/ '-......
Fi rst program starts Empty space, inter-
after 2 seconds. ference pulses in-
effective.

7. 11
 Alarm sign A08

Alarm sign A08:

Only when using mode of operation "SAVE " !

Reason Measures

Tape fin ish during loading (SAVE) f rom
machine me~ory to tape.
(AOB only when using code SAVEl
Alaro s i gn AOB appears on digital read-
out.
- Press [1"NPJ and fREVl
Tape rewinds to tape begin .
Digital read-out indicates NOO.
- Put i n new t ape and repeat loading
operati on.

I Tape begin

Attention:
If you put in th is tape and want to load
t he ne xt f ini shed program (transmit from
.,. tape to machi ne memory) A09 appears " No
program end found!

' )

7. 13
 Alarm sign A09

( )
Alarm sign A09:

Only when using mode of operation "LOAD"!

A09 - Reason 1 Measures

Selected program not found.
If you call a non-existing program num-
ber when " loading" (fron tape to machine
merr~ry ), then alarm A09 appears.
- Press JINPJ + JREvl
The tape rewinds . The digital read- out
indicates after that !:00.
- Look for program on another tape (in
case you are sure you put it in) .

( ) Example: You look on this tape for pro-

gram no. 5

24 22 17 Pr .N rl6

A09 - Reason 2 Measures

Se l ec t ed progran not fu lly on tape (G22),
since tape «as f inished when loading
fro~ c ach ine memory to tape (already in
mode o f operation SAVE you had alarm AOB).
( )
- PressJINPJ+JREVJ
Tape re·.<inds, read-out indicates NOO.
- Look for program on other tape (in case
you are sure that you put it in)

Example: You call on program no.19

Program 19 does not have G22, thus alarm

A08 was indicated already during mode of
operation SAVE. <~======1
.-------+-------.-------.---------,
19 18 17 16

7.15
J
 Alarm sign A 10 Alarm sign A 11

A10 - Writing protection active:

Only when using mode of operation " SAVE" and " ERASE"I

o- s
I f you r e move the writing pro tection
(i. e . the black caps) you cannot put
(o l l o)
a ny mor e dat a on this tape s i de .
:·:easures:
I f you put in such a tape s i de and
you want to t ransoit a pr ogram fron Pres s )wpj + (REV)
the mach ine c.erno1~ t o the t ape , alarm Tape rewinds , put in o ther tape or rr~unt
sign Alo appears. wr iting protecti o n aga in.

A 11 - Load mistake:

Only when using mode of operation "LOAD"I

A11 - Reason 1 A11 - Reason 2

Hotor is s •,;i t ched on or is b ei ng
switched on duri~g l oading (tape - ma-
chine).
The prograr.> on the tape ..•as not des-
troyed by swi tchi ng o n t he ootor .
Tne program on the tape is destroyed . The
reasons for it cou ld be a reechani cal
fault on the tape , a p~•er failure - or
t he machi ne was switched o ff when t ape
was not r ewound .

Measures Measures
- Switch off rr~ tor Transmi t program to new t ape.
( - Pres s )IIIPI + )ru;v)
The tape re><inds , the read- out ind i -
cat es NOO.
- Repeat l oadi ng oper ation .
- I f you h ave Al l i ndica t ed a lso with
• the folla,;ing loading operati on,
pl ease see reason 2 .

Summary measures
ALARH All

~
Repeat loading

:~ a la rm All
~ Alarm All
(•) Reason was i nte rference •,;he n Re ason was mi s take on tape
load ing

7. 17
 Alarm sign A 12
----------------------------------------------------
) A12- Check mistake:

Only when using mode of operation "CHECK/SAVE"!

Pos sible r easons :

- Tape fau lty
I ntel· £ere11ce pulse: reaill motor s~o.·i tched
on , short pzyher fai l ure , interference
pulse from electrical conductor (li ght-
ning , switching on o f soldering t rans -
f oru.er ... J
The interference pul ses can happen both
when using mode of operations SAVE or
CHECK .

( )

Alarm sign A12 in mode of operation "SAVE" - Remedy

Store program under another nurr~er.

Explanation : Heasure:

You cannot dele t e the fa lse program j ust - Put iniiNPl + I R£v~ tape rewinds , read-
by its aNn. Tnus you have t o give to out ShO'NS NOO.
this program a new number, i f you store
- Put in same program under a new num-
in on the sa~~ tape . If you wou ld use
ber.
the same program n~~~er , then alarm All
would appear when loading (tape - ma- If a l arm A12 appears again, then tape
chine ) since only the f i rst one o f two is defective.
identical program nurrbers can be called
(_) on.

Interference during SAVE

18 17

Same program has to be put in under

new prog ram number .
17

l'

7. 19
 Alarm sign A 12

Alarm sign A12 in mode of op eration "CHECK"

During CHOCK operation there may occur

an interference impulse and a l arm sign
Al2 will be indicated, without a defec-
tive tape bei ng the reason .

Check:
- Press liNPl + lru::v~
Tape rewinds to begin, on read - out NOO .
( )
- LOad tape i nto machine merr-ory . If
there is no alarm All when loading,
then the program is o.k.
- During loading All is indicated: the
foll~« ing is necessary - New tape , de-
lete complete tape or put in program
anew under another nuuber.

l·:easures - Sum..l'l)a ry

Repeat loading

( )
No alarm All:
/~ Alarm All:

Tape o. l<. Tape defective

- Ne>~ tape
- Delete tape
- Put in program under another
ntlll\ber .

7.21
 Mode of operation "ERASE"

Mode of operation"ERASE" (Erasing the tape)

I. Pt·ess :<ey1-·1until word indication

G lights up. If y ou see a figure o f
a G- func tio n indicated on the digi-
tal read- out, then press~·

2. Put in G6S ·
Press 65 1NP,on the display you s~e
seeRT] I I I

3. PressEl+ loEQ at the sarr.e t i n:e ,

on the display you see lc I IE IrF I
( ) The tape is erased .
After that the read-out shO'-<s r:oo

Program Interruption during Tape Operation

Only ~<hen using oc<'!e of op eration LOIID,

CHECK, ERASE.

Program i n terrup tion

Press IINPJ '+ lREV~

Tape rewinds to tape begi n .

Why program interruption?

~~~~-~~~~2 -~~~ -~!-~~~~~~!~~-~~;
I f you find out that you called a non-
existing program. If you press lr NPl +
IREVJ the tape will not advance to the
tape end but rewind i ocmediately.

~~~-~~!~2-~~~ -~~ -~e~:~~ ~~~-~~~~~~

If you do not want to wait for CHECK
operation.

~~~-~~~~2-~~~~-~~-~e~:~~!~~-~~~~;
It is enough t h at you erase about to
seconds. W"nen loading anew the tape
machine will e r ase automatically all
other remaining data.
(

7.23
_I
 Pulling In the tape
-------
When putting In the Tape, pay Attention:

1. Putting In with left spool full

- I f you sw i tch off the machine, the

0 ..... - .... 0 tape advances I second .
;"J
(co
' __ fll
.......
o)/
/
l sec

- If you switch on t he machine , the mo-

tor re·.dnds the tape 2 seconds. So 1 t
( )
is made certain that the tape is at
the very begin ing.

2. Putting in with right spool full

- I f you put i n the tape and program

0 ..... - ..... 0 C65, then the tape to the bq-
/ " gining .
re~inds

(o I (;! __o)) - If you put in the tape and not program

' ....... ..... /
C65 , and switch on and off the machi ne ,
the follzy•ing happens:

E=============:~
rne tape rewinds 2 seconds.
Switch off :
The tape advances second.

I 4t=:::=======::===:JI
I f you carry on like this , the tape
moves further through the switching on
and off and you got an inter ference
pulse on the tape . A stored prog r.lm
will be r egistered.

7.25
 _I
!

8. Tools
'

' ·' ,

Position of toolholder 8.1. 8.3 .

Turning tools 8.5. 8.15
Pre-adjustment of tools . 8.17 . 8.21
) Radius compensation (the equidistant) 8.23·8.31
 -Poslllon of-"=;..;.;..==""'
~
toolholder

tools

With industr ial CNC - machi nes the tools

can also be prog ramr.ed and thi s under
address T (T = abbr eviat ion f or t ool) .
Tne change of tools is done automatically.

The p r09ratur.e r must l<no;.; the variou s tools,

the ir applicati on and also the i r actual
pos ition to each othor, when wr iting a
pr09ram.

The t ools are being p ositioned by means

of a t ool pre-se tting gauge, the edges are
d rawn on a tool sheet . From this t ool sheet
the prograrr~ r can see the position of the
edges in X- ar.d Z-di rection . Further core,
technol09ical data , such as recorr~e nded
cutting speeds, f eeds etc.
'

On the Compac t 5 cr:c we do not have an

auto~at ic t ool change . We position the
t ools wi th a pre-se t ting gauge directly on
the mach ine. With this gauge ~<o deteroine
the position of the various t ool bi ts to
each o the r .

1-lhe n wl'iti ng a pr09ram in which •,;e ···ant to

use various tool bits , ~<e have to ta~e in-
to account thes e positions . Put in t he
t ools in your p rogr amming s heet under co-
l u::>n remar i<s .
Pay at te ntion : program hold (G20) b e fore
t ool change I

--------------------------------------------~~
8. 1
 Position of toolholder

Positions of Toolholder

rne tcolholder can be clauped in front

pos ition and in bac~ position.

Front position

~~tside dia ~e ter Interior diameter

~oto¢9o m::~ ¢ 14 to ¢ loo IUD

Back position

Outside dia~c ter Interior diaceter

~ 2o to ~ I 2o IT.'II ¢ So t o~ 13o Ln

Please clarr.p the t oolholder in "the front

position for our prograrrming exercises.

8. 3
J
 Tool bits

The Right Hand Side Tool (T01)

)
Dimensions - Applications

2 Shape turnillg:
The exercises ~~e it possible to use
the right hand side tool for a l l pro-
~-~:;~-~~~-~~-~~gger ~an 3o0 , ~therwise
there ·..:i 11 be insuffi c~ent cl<!<H ance
grarr.ming ·.<ork , part I,.
Fu rther tools are explai ned in part 2 angle.
of the prog ramr.ing exercise s .

- -- - -.-
Exa.:ples of application :

Clea ra nce anQle ~ = 930

I. Longitudinal turning , facing and

---~~2!~-~~~~~~2; _________________ _
up to ~
~ = max . •0 o0
The depth of cut " a " with facing must - - .- a
not be bigger than o, 3 m:n , otherwise Depth of cut at the Depth of c ut at the
t he chip fl~"' is bad. er:d of the ~ th part !> tart of the 4th part
of circumference of circumference
- --- -, --.--- ·- - max . o , 3 I:.m rr.ax. o , 3 ITJTJ .
OPERATI NG Him'

I f you set the toolholder in another angle

position, M a l oo0 , you can take bigge r
c uts when facing .
,.__ ::J
<.
~­
- - ·--r
•

OPER-\TI!IG H!ln' 2

~:eve with the transparent scale dra;;ing

) a of the tool bi t along the shape of the
drawing. You wi ll i~~ediately see if the
depth of cut is too big.

8.5
 Tool bits

)
The Left Hand Side Tool (T02)

Dimensions - Applications

2. Shape turni ng

6" mus t b e at least 2 0,

Clearance angl e ~ = 930

t )

3. Radii

I. Longitudina l turning , facing, t aper

t urning:

The depth of cut wi t h ~ 93° •,:hen

facing oust not be higher than o , 3 ~~ .
since the edge would not cut anymore.

- -- · -~·,·-· --

OPERATING HINT

\ )
If you set the tool in another ang l e po-
sition, ~ = !co0 , you can ta'<e bigger
cuts when facing.

OPERATHIG HINT 2

!·love with the transparent scale drawing

of the t ool bit along the shape of the
)
draw i ng. You will ir.~ediately see i f the
depth of cut is too big.

8. 7
 Tool bits

The Neutral Tool (T03)

Dimensions - Applications

The max. depth of cut (a) when turning

outwards mus t not be bigger than o , 3 ~
with a turning angle of Go0 •

2. Turning of partial radii

Examples of app lication with ~ = 9o

0

I. Longitudinal and angle turn ing

The tangent of the arc must not be highe r

tltaJt Go .
)

1-lax . angle Go0

Cleat·ance angle of 2, 5°

8.9
 Page 1.7/8.5-8 . 1s1Tooling of COMPACT 5CNC

)
)
On the pages 8.5 to 8.15 ~e tric sizes
are shown . Calculate inch sizes your-
self.

o , 3 mm c .ol2" (approximation)

Parting-off Tool HSS (TOG)

) - · -- ·- ~ ·--r-r-r
()

HSS
Width of tool: .14o"

Internal Threading Tool, right hand (T01')

From minor thread dia . . 55o"

I ndexable tips:
For threads 16-48 tpi. and
o , 5-1 ,5 mm pitch
Clearance angle: 6o0

I 0
Page 1.7/8.5-8 .15
 Page 1. 7/9. s-a . 15 / Tooling of COMPACT 5CNC

External Threading Tool, right hand (T04)

()

For external threads, right hand

lndexable tip:
For t hreads: 16-49 tpi. and
o,S - 1, 5
Cl earance angle: Goo
=

Plunge Cutting Tool (T05)

l~idth of tips :,047•

() ~.
~!ax. depth of cut:.06" ( )
q

.-- .-..-,
____, 1--- '--- '-

~). Q
il
II
II
v
I I
"
0
Page 1. 7/ 9.5-9 .1 5
 Tool bits

)
External Threading Tool, right hand (T04)

-11\\!1-

For ext ernal threads, riqht hand

(
!~~~~~!~-~~e:!.:.
For pitches from o , S - l , S roo
0
Clearance anqle Go

\
Plunge Cutting Tool (TOS)

-i-+-1,2

Width of tips : I, 2 r:.m

( .I --
Ill
Nax. depth of c ut : 1, 5 m:n

fr
I I
I I
8
I I
Ll

\
' .

8. 11
J
 Tool bits

Parting-off Tool HSS (T06)

- · -- · r- · -r--r..-

HSS
1ndth of knife : 3 , 5 •r.ro

( )

Internal Threading Tool , right hand (T07)

From oi nor thread dia. 14 roo on.

!!!~~?5~ !~- ~!ll!!~
ror pi t ches from o , 5 - 1, 5 mm
Clearance angle 6o0 .

( )

8. 13
 Tool bits
----------------------------------------------

Inside Turning Tool (TOS)

( )

From dia. 14 ~m on .

Dimens ions :

l·:a x. clearance angle when t urn i ng in-

l<ards: 9o0
~h e max. depth of cut is only o,3 mm

~!a x . clearance angle when tur ning ou t -

wards : 3o0

8. 15
 Presetting of tools

Presetting of tools
)

~------- 40 ------~
- ----30- - ---1 For the manufacture of most workpieccs
.-.r+-2 x4 so
a few tools are necessary. E.g . right
hand side t ool, threading tool, parting-

..--
II)
off tool.
)(
0
:; ~nen setting up the p r ogr am you have t o
kno~ the positi ons of the various tool s
to each other in X- and z-direction .

1 • Right hand side tool 2 . rnreading tool 3 . Parting-off tool

- ,---
\ )

If-fF ~ .- --,~
- I-· 1 - -

- '--
·- - · - 1- -- 1-

,,
·-·- -·- 1-

~--·u
0 ""u

Procedure

1
I . Posi tion all tool bits in the toolhol-
der a t center height.

2 . }!ount setting gauge in 3-jaw chuck .

Pay attention that the p lane s ur face
) of the set t ing 'gauge (I) t ouches the
jaws of the chuck .

3 . Posi tion of t oolholder body:

- Loosen clampi ng screw of t ool holder
body.
- Put te~plate hori2ontally onto set-
t i ng ga~ge , points 2 and 3 must touch
setting gauge .
3 - }!ove longitud ina l and cross s lidc by
hand . until t oo lhol der body i s near
points 4 and 5.
- Press toolholder body by hand against
the template and clamp it.

t1 G X Z F A II G X Z F A 4 . Set X- and z~value on digital read-

000000 000000 out at zero.
)
ol ol
8.17
Presettin g of tools
----------------------------------------~
Positioning of turning tools (
I

1. Right hand side tool T01

1. Right hand side tool T01
X= Omm
Z=Omm
Loosen clamping sere~ for turning tool
and move it b ackwards in toolholde r .

Clamp toolholder ont o t oolholder body .

- Hove right hand side tool into groove

and position it such tha t t he c arbide
tip aligns wi th s urface I.

Cl atp right hand s i de tool in t hi s po-

sit ion and remove toolhol dar .
(
Attention:

Pr ess tool only sli ghtly and t hen posi-

tion.

In t he same way as the right hand side

tool all other tools are to be preset.

h1ten se tti ng t he right ha nd, l eft ha nd or

neutra l s i de tool , t he position of the
t oolholde r body r emains the same. For all
other tools the position of the slides must
be changed .

Starting point for t he measures is the

[
position which you fi xed with t he te~tplate. (

2. Traverse of left hand side tool (T02) .3. Traverse of neutral side tool (T03)
t}t ~

X;On.m X ; 0 r:m
z ; Q run Z; 0 mm

8.18
 Presetting o f tool s

4. Traverse of threading tool for exter- 5. Traverse of plunge culting tool (TOS) ·
nal threads (T04)
X =0 om X = 0 mo
Z = t 27,00
Z = t 21 , 00 ml~ l!lm

)
7. Traverse of internal threading
6. Traverse of parting-off tool (TOG) tool (T07)
X = 0 mm X - - 22,5 uo
Z = + 16, 00 mm Z = + 58,0 mm

0 0

~ ~.--.-
'&-?'".J
r-'
L

I ) »
lrl

8. Traverse o f Inside turning tool (T08)

X = - 22 , 5 om
z =+ 52 , 0 00

8.19
Presetting of tools

Positioning of cutting edges of tools

to each other, if slide position
remains unchanged

The values mus t be considered when

p~oqraL~ing. Reference point is the
position o f the righ t hand side tool.

Neutral Side Tool Left Hand Side Tool Partlng.off Tool

L = Omm L = Omm L=Omm
Q =+ 7,00 mm Q = + 14,00 mm a= Omm

( '

Outside Threading Tool Pluning Culling Tool

L=Omm L = -10,00mm
Q = + 2,00 mm a = Omm

Inside Threading Tool Inside Turning Tool

L = + 10.00 min L = + 10,00mm
Q = - 20,00 mm a = - 20,00 mm

8.20
J
 Presetting of tool s
.-
Example
) Turning of an annular tee-slot and
pa rting- off

r-l--r-
1 I
-
===§nc-----!!~~-~~!-~~!~£~!-~29-~~
I . Right hand
I
I
I
I f 1\t the end of block 1113 the right hand
~. ~ --!-· - -- ~ -- -- 1- -e.~ side tool is a t the indicated position.

,1
11
,I -e.
1J II
1 I
I
I
I
_.)- -
1 N G X z F
h
20 10-

JS -loo - l.foo 100

0 - Uoo 100
)
2,00 D 1oo
soo

20
2 . Left hand s !~~ -~~!~ -
(16) --------------
Traverse of po sition Q • + 14,00 mm,
1--- . . 1--- - 1- This measure must be taken into account
when you progr am the foll~~ing blocks .

-Goo
0 6oo 100

~·a
100 Q 1.Qo
0 -s-oo
-200 0
} Q soo 100 -
zoo 0 100
!:-;;;-
- - -

~~ - ~~~~!~2:~~~ -~~!.!~!~£~~-~~~-~~-~ ~~~

The position o f the parting-off tool 's
edge is the s=:e as that of the right
hand side tool . The distance between
left hand side t ool to the parting-off
t ool: Q = - 14 ,00 =
- -- 1~S'O
~

- -
0
'
- Qo -- ----· -- ~ -
:.jQ~Q 0 3.0
) 1600
Attention: 0 43S'O
Never change tools when main spindle is - --· -
running! Danger!

8.21
l
 Inch ganga/Presetting of tools
_,..

) Presetting of tools (Inch gange)

40
30
~RS '2 x For t he ma nufacture of cost workpieces
,..., -r- ;-- i A'
a few tools are necessary . E.g. right
hand side too l, threadiltg tool , parting-
I I I J. off tooL
l
I I I ~
I J ><
I
' J N
--i-<'4 --1- I- · - -- ~ ---· 1- 0
N
' -o.I

.{, _ j -rL-
I
I
I
i __j_
::;: hl1en se tting up the program you have t o
kna~ the pos itions of the various tool s
to each other in X- and Z-direction .
3,5
- 10 >-- 15 -

I. Right hand side tool 2. Threading tool 3. Parting-off tool

(
\ I

Procedure

Note:The inch gauge has a turned ring at

1 the face side of the gauge.
'2 I. Position all tool bits in the toolhol-
der at center hci<_lht.

2. Hount setting gauge in 3-ja·,; chuck .

Pay attention that the plane sur face
\ ) of the setting gauge (I) touches the
jaws of the chuck.

3. Position of toolhol der body :

- -Loosen clamping screw of toolholder
body.
- Put te::plate horizontally onto set-
ting ga~ge, points 2 and 3 must touch
setti ng gauge.
3 - ~:ove lcngi tudinal and cross slide by
hand until t oolholder body is near
poi nts 4 and S.
- Press toolholdcr body by hand against
the template and clamp it .

II G XZFA II G . X Z F A 4. Set X- and z-value on digital read-

000000 00000 0 out at zero.
)
ol ol
_ _ _ _ _L _ _

8.17/lnch
Preselllng of tools/Inch ga nge

Positioning of turning tools (inch)

1. Right hand side tool T01

1. Right hand side tool T01
X = 0"
z = 0"
LOosen clamping sere~ f or turning t ool
and move it bac~war ds in toolho lder .

- Clamp toolholder onto t ool holder body.

Hove right h and side tool into groove

and pos ition it such t ha t t he carb ide
tip aligns •.<i th surface I .

- Cla~p righ t hand s i de t ool in t his po-

s i tion and rerrcve toolhol dar .

Attention:

Press tool only slightly and then posi-

tion.

In the same way as the right hand side

tool all other tools are to be preset.

1>1len setting t he r igh t ha nd , le f t hand or

neutral s ide tool, the pos ition of t he
toolholder body remains t he same . Por all
other tool s the posi tion of the slides must
be changed .

Starting point for the ~easures is the

posit i on ~hich you fi xed with the templa te .

2. Traverse of left hand si de tool (T02) 3 Traverse of neutral sid e tool (T03)

x = o·· X G 0"
z - 0" z = 0
11

0 0

8.18/inch
J
 4. Traverse of threading tool f or exter-
nal threads (T04)
------ Inch gange/Preselllng of tools
5. Traverse of plunge cutting to ol (T05)

X • 0" X = 0"
z • . 850" Z= + I. IOO"

0 0

7. Traverse of internal threading

6. Traverse of parting-off tool (T06) tool (T07)
X • 0" X = -. 900 11

z • +. 650" z = +2 . 340"

0 0

'
8. Traverse of Inside turning tool (TOB)
11
X = - . 900
z- +2.100"

..._

8.19/lnch
 Presetting of tool s/Inch gange
~- ---------------------------------------~
Positioning of cutting edges of tools
to each other, if slide posjtion
remains unchanged

The value s must be cons i dercrl ,;hen

prograrr."lir>g . Re fere r1ce point is the f
positio n of the right hand s ide tool.

Neutral Side Tool Left Hand Side Tool Parting-off Tool

L =
0" =
L 0" =
L 0"
a = + .275" =
a +.55" a = o"

Outside Threading Tool Pluning Culling Tool

L = 0" L =- .400"
a = + .1oo" a = O"

Inside Threading Tool Inside Turning Tool

L =+ .400" L = + .400"
a = - .8oo"
a = - .8oo"

8.20/lnch
 Inch gange/Presettlng ol tools
- '
-
Example

Turnin2 of an annular tee - slot a nd

parting-off

,.. -- - 1- - ~-.--
1~ -~~2~~ -~~~~-~~~~-~~~- J~!~~~~-~29- ~~
(I · f II I
___!!! ~L
J ..
I _ I
f. "i- -!-- +--1-
f.\ 1-e. !
- 1-- -- ~- ~
-e.
At the end of block lll ) the righ t ha nd
side t ool is at the i ndicated position .

'
-
1,1I _ j--'--l==
I 1- N G X z - F

.05x4 5'_
.a•- --1-- ~o-- •
•
1.4'
• •
,lQ - 1,00 - 200 25
-
• 01
{1 0( 0 -600 25
.J.L ..QL 400 0 25 1-
~~ 00 250
' ~~ 2.( -

.a• 2- Left hand side

----------------------
too l

.6o + - 550" -
Tra verse of position Q· =
This measure must be taken into
- - 1--- - f-
account "hen you program t he
fo ll~• ing blocks . ·

tl5 co -300
16 01 0 250 25
so

a
~l 01 0 25
18 00 0 -250
49 . 00 - ,(00
r 1 2o Oi 0 250 25
21 01 . '.00 25 -
22 00 250
t -- - (.1 40 +111)-
.,
- -- 23 21
- - -
3 . Parting-off toll ( blocks N2 4 to N29l
.
-- - ------ --- - - --- -- - - - ---- - - - --- -- -~---
The position o f the parting-off t ool' s
~550!.!..._ edge is the sar.e as that of the r i ght
hand side t ooL The distance bet•.<een
r- to the parting - off
/ le ft hapd side tool
t ool: Q = - . 550"

•
/ l/1 2tt co 0 -5 90
25 00 -200
.140. -
2.6 01 0 - 500 AO
'

) 21 00 150 .- -
At t ention:
Never change teo ls ....·hen main spindle is
28 co 0 1'/190
r unning! Danger !
2'1 22

8.21/lnch
 Radius Compensation

I
Radius Compensation
(The Equidistant)

a
Definition:

The equi distant is a line which

a has the s ame distance to a given line
(cu" ve) .

Programming up to now
IHth all our prograrrJiling exercises up
to nzy~ we assumed that the tool bit is
absolutely pointed. 1\e h,;~ve progratr.:ned
the workpiece sha•n left hand like
follo><s:

N G X z F

.. 01 0 -z, ...
.. 01 X< -z, ...

( )
Th e radiu s of curvature of a corner

(
-~
. T In fact , each carbide tip has a certain
corner radius (r). Without the corner
radius the carbide tip would break or
melt when working.
The radii are standardized according
to ISO: r • o ,4/o,8/1,2/1,6/2,o/2,4 ron

S Center of radius
r = Corner radius
K c Imaginary cutting point
(Location of reference point)
T ~ Theoretical point

8.23
Radius Compen sa tion_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _..-!

The influence of the corner

Radius

1. Turning at right angle .

fol lo ~ t he outline A B C D

The radius of t he c utting edge does not

i nf l uence the ~orkpiece outline ~hen turn i ng
in X- or Z-di rec t ion only (t urning at t he
right angl e ) .

I. Distance A8 (length Z l)

I " I :. I : 1-:.1 · I
De t e r mi ning t he out line i s poi n t Pl .

2 . Di stance BC ( l ength XI)

I · I :.I :.1 , I · I
Determining the out l ine is poi nt P2 .

3. Distance CD (le ngth Z2 l

Determining the out li ne is point Pl.

Conclusion:

Tne r adius of the c utti ng edge does not

i nfl uence t he wol·kpi e ce out line wh en
t ur n ing in X- or Z-direction, ( t urni ng
a t r i ght ang l e ).

8 .24
 Radius Compensation

2. Taperturnlng

The •.wrkpiece outline A B C D E shall

be programr..ed.

Up to nO'n' we habe been prograrrming such

an outline as fol l O'n'S :

2 . 1 . Distance liB

Determining for the outline is

poi nt P I of the carb i de tip .

2 . 2 . Distance BC

f
\, } I, I:.1.:. 1-:. I , I
Here we see that it is not the i ma-
ginary point of the cutting edge K
but the po i nt P2 which dete r mines
the outline .
I n other ~-:ords , with this prcgran
t he outline B'C ' will be turned off .

2 . 3 . Distance CO

I · I :. I : 1-:, I , I
De t ermining for the outline i s
poi nt Pl.

8.25
J
Radius Compensation

2. 4 . Distance DE

Determin ing for the outline is P3 •

Resu lt:
(
Because of the corner r adius "r " o f t he
tool bi t the determiting cutting point p
a lters.

As you r ealize , not ABCDE i s machined.

I t i s AB'C'DE.

So:
Zt is to short ( size = lJ. z )
z~ is to long ( size +A z ) .

Consequence:

With taper turning X and Z-di~nsions

must be ca l cul ated .

The two possibilities

Programming the Programming the

Point in center of the
imaginary cutting radius s
Point K

8.26
J
 Radius Compensation

Example 1

Calculating th e Calculating th e
point K pointS

( 1. Distance AB

Path of point K:Z' Path of point S:Z'

Z!~· - z , -t r - lc
( ) .

!.--- /H - -1- Calculation of Lz and ~Z

/lz '"" r. fg~ j

~"l = r -Ll "" r - rtgf_
I-62 = r(-1- t9~) 1

'

- - -1-
1 - -1- 8.27
 2. Distance BC

- z. ---; r--- z, - -1

IJ-- l i • l,

3. Distance CD

.--- - z, - --1

\ ..I ~ lz
Zl • z, -r +l1 _.,.t

-z; = 2 3 - r-+ lt
= ~~-(r - h,)
"'" !:>~ -

8.28
 Radius Compensation

Example 2

I )

Distance AB

I
- j ..,'
z.. - 2 .., -t- uA -::t
z::.

8 .29
Radius Compensation

Distance BC

fo--- - z, --~

(
Path of K in Z-Oi r ection Path of S in Z-Oi rection

r.~ = r2.- r -t le
.... l2..- (r - lc)
'-- .. ~

6.2

Path of K i n X- Oirec tion Path of s in x- oirect ion

I
x~ =- X1 - r -+ b.
.. )(.. -(r - L.x)
~

AX

Calculating Lx:and AX

t<J !10~~ .., Lx

('

6.X "' r - Lx
"' r - r. tg 9 ~

8.30
 Rlldius Compensation

)
Distance CD

><
"'

"<I
•
..'
,r~

r )
Path of S In X-Directlon
Path of Kin X-Direcllon
I
X2 -= X2. t r - Lx
\ '" ~
t.X

Conclusion:

o The size o f Ax and ll z r esp .

l x and lz depends on the size of the
o corner radius and froo the
o angle "'·

o \·;ith industr ial machines the values Ax a n Li z are

calculated by the cor..puter .

I )

8.31
J
Radiu s Compensation

Chart for -" X and 6 Z-values

o, 4 o,5 o,S I ,o

Ax o , o3 o , o4 o ,o7 o ,o8
so LI Z o , 38 0 , 40 o, 76 o , 96

AX o,o6 o , oB 0' 13 o , 16
lo 0 o , 36 o , 46 o , 73 o , 91
LIZ

AX o , o9 o , 12 o, 19 o , 23
IS0 o , 3S o , 43 o , 69 o,87
4Z

AX o, 12 o , IS 0 , 24 o , 3o
2o0 o,3 3 o , 41 o , 66 o , 82
Az

AX o, 17 o, 21 o , 34 o , 42
3oo
AZ o , 29 o , 37 o , S9 o , 73

AX o,21 0 , 27 o , 43 o , 53
4o0 o , 2S o , 32 o , Sl o,64
Az

AX o, 23 o , 29 o , 47 o,S9
45° LI Z o , 23 o , 29 o , 47 o , 59

AX o , 2S o , 32 o , 5I o ,64
So0 o, 21 o , 27 o , 43 0,5 3
Az

AX o , 29 o , 37 o,S9 o , 73
6o0 o, 17 o , 21 o ,34 o, 42
LIZ

AX o,33 0 , 41 0,66 o , 82
7o0 o ,24 o , 3o
AZ o, 12 o , IS

Ax o , 3S 0 , 43 o , 69 o,87
75° o, 19 o , 23
AZ o,o9 0 ' 12

llx o , 36 o ,46 o, 73 o,91

eoo
AZ o,o6 o , o8 o, 13 o, 16

8 .32
 -•
9. Glance Into Production Machinery

/ .•,

Glance into production machinery 9.1

The address letters 9.2 · 9.4
Programming of decimal point, zero
suppression 9.5
Format specification 9.6
Programming of absolute value/
Programming of reference value 9.7 · 9.8
Control circuits 9.9 · 9.10
Fixed points 9.11 · 9.14
( ·' Programming sheet of an industrial machine 9.15 · 9.27
( )
Glance into Proc;luction Machinery

\-Jith a t raining unit the e r.iphas i s i s on

getting to kna,; the set up and the lo-
gic behind a CNC-mach ine . High output
or produc tivity are not of concern.

l~ith production rr. achines in industry

( ) high output and precision in manufac-
ture are top priorities . ~:anual opera-
tions such as setting of spindle speeds,
tool change , s'~ i tching - on of coolant
att achment , etc. ar e tice consuming ' and
t here f ore the se operations are us ua lly
done via the control uni t , i . e . through
the progr am .

Automation
Since production tirr.<a (•,;orkpiece time)
has to be kept as short as possible ,
- s •.< itching on the main spindle ,
- se tt i ng o f spindl e speed ,
- tool change ,
- var ious switching functions (e . g .
coolant on , coolant off)
( ) are a uto~ised and prograrr~ed .

Programming
When develop ing a CNC un i t , it is a l -
ways the goal to develop it for simple
and praxis- oriented programming.

There fore the comp uter takes over more

and more ca lculation a nd storage work .
var ious data (e.g . tool data, technolo-
gical data) are stored and do not have
to be prograrr~ed or entered any rr.ore.

On the following pages a surr-~ry.

J )

9.1
Character store/Address letters

The character store (the address letters)

Since there a r e r~re

possibili ties f or
proqr~~ng ~ith industri al/pr oduction
r.~chi nes, therefore the ch aracter store
has to be larger .

J ust consider a mi ll i ng machine : " e

have to program in 3 a xes: X,Y,Z.

Tile meaning o f t11e characte rs is defined

according to ow 66 o25 , page I.

The current addresses , thei r oceaning,

the i r characteristics.

Extrac t fro n Dill 66o25 , page I,

editio n 2.72

Charac- Charac-
l·:eaning ~:eaning
ter ter
A •rurning movement - x-axis p Third u~veme n t paral l e l to X-ax is
B Turning moveme nt - Y-a xis or parame t er for tool corre ction
c Turni ng rnover.:ent - Z-Dxis
Q Third moveme nt parallel to Y- axls
D •rurning r::ove :::cnt addi ti dnal axis or pararr.eter for tool correction
or third f eed R ~nird mover.:ent par a llel to z-ax l s
E Turning movement further axis or or r api d t r averse di r ection z-
second feed axi s or para~eter for tool cor-
p Peed r ection
G Preparatory function s Spindle speed
H (unassigned) T Tool
I I nt er polation parruneter or thread u Second rr~vemc n t paral l e l to X-
pitch paralle l to x- axis axis
J Inte rpolation pararr.ete r or thread v Second movcu.e nt parallel to Y-
pi t ch parallel to Y-a xis axis
K Interpolation parameter or th read w Second move=ent parallel t o ~­
pitch parallel to z-axis a xis
(unassigned) X !·!ove:.:ent i n direction of X-axis
Auxiliary functi on y Nove:::ent in direction of 't-axis
II Bloc)< number z :-:ovement i n direction o f Z- axis
0 (no t to be used )

9.2
 Preparatory functions

The preparatory functions (Forma t G2)

C-funct.ions , prepa<ato<y functions -

these are the r.ost co~7.~n terms used .

The avai l able nurrber of preparatory
functions are oore numerous with in-
dustrial machines . The meaning of such
functions is defined according to DIN
66 o25 , par ts of i t are unassig ned.
These unassigned ones can ce used by
the ~~nufacturer of a control unit for
certain control functions.
The r..eaning of such specially ass igned
functions is explained in the instr uc-
tion bocks of the relative machine .

Codes of preparator)• func tions C

Extract from DIN 66o25, page 2, para-

graph 2. 4 , edition 72.5.
(

Preparatory P<eparatory
:.:ea.n ing
Function Function

coo Point to Point , Position ing

G40 Tcol Offset cancel
GO ! Line.>r lnteq>Ola tion
G41 - G52 Tool Offset
G02 Circular Interpolation Arc
clockh·ise G53 Linear Shift Cancel
GO) Circular Interpolation Arc G54 - G59 Linear Shift
counterc lock>~ise
GGO Posit i oning Exact I ( fi ne )
G04 o-,:ell
G61 Positioning Exact 2 (cedJ
Parabolic Interpolation
G62 Positioning Fast (coarse)
cos Acceleration
G63 Tapping
( C09 Decele<ation
GBO Fixed Cycle Cancel
Cl7 XY Plane Selection
GS l - GS9 Fixed Cycle
GIS XZ Plane Selection
G90 Absolute Dice nsion
Gl 9 YZ Plane Selection
G91 Incre=ental Di cension
G25 - G29 Percanent.ly unassigned
G92 Preload Registers
G33 Thread Cutting, constant lead G93 Inverse Tirr.e , Feed Rate
G34 Thread Cu tting , increasing
>
G94 Feed pe r 1-linute
lead
G95 Feed per Spindle Revolutior
G35 Thread Cutting, decrea sing
lead G96 Constant Surface Speed
G36 - G39 Percanently unassigned G97 Revolution per Ninute

All preparatory functions not mentioned

~ere are unassigned.

9 .3
 Miscellaneous functions
--- ----------------------------------------------------------~

The miscellaneous functions

Address: f.l; f'OrMat: H2

The switching on of the spindle , of the

coolant liquid , tool change and other
f unctions are programmed >~ith address 1-1.
Also with funct ions H there are p re li -
ninary a nd permanent ly unassi gned ones.

Codes of miscellaneous functions M

J::xtract of DIN 66o2 5, page 2, paragraph

4.3 , edition 72/ 5 .

-
~li scellaneous Niscell<:neous
:.:eaning V.eaning
Function Function

l-!00 Prograo Stop

HI S :·:oti on +
l·!Ol Optional (planned) Stop
~
Hl 6 l'.otion -
!·~02 End of Program
m9 Ori ented Spindle Stop
1·!03 Spindle Cloc:.a~ise (
1·130 End of Tape
:·:04 Spindle Counte r clockwise
Hl l In terlock Bypass
t-~05 Spindle Of f
1·136 - H37 Feed Range s
:.~06 Tool Change
~na - 1·139 Spindle Speed Range
:.~07 Coolant No . 1 ON
1-!40 - 1-!45 Gear Changes
~:OS Coolant No. 2 ON
H50 coolant llo. 3 <XI
:.:og Coolant OFF
NS l Coolant uo. •I ON
:.no Clacp
1-155 - M56 Linear Tool Sh i ft
!·1 1 J Unc l amp .
1·!60 h'orl<piece Cha11ge
J.ll3 Spindle Clock~>•ise and c oo-
lant ();I 1·161 - t·:62 Linear 1\orl<piecc Shi f t
J.ll~
Spindle Counterclcckldse
and Coolant O:l
1·171 - :·172 Angula r l~orl<piece Shi f t

All niscella neous f unctions not ~entioncd

here are preliminary or permanently un -
ass i gned .

9 .4
 Decimal numbers I Zero suppression

Some Facts and Features

Programming of decimal point

Nearly all industrial KC-machines are equi pped •..;ith deciLoal

point input. This feature facilitates program~ing and prcgram
input.

Example:
1/loo mm input ( lil<e CO~lPAC'I' 5 CNC) :
x-value is 24 , 25 rrm
Input: 2425 (no decimal point)

Example:
I nput of decima l point :
( )
x-value is 24,2 5 rrm
Input: 24,25 ( prograrr~ing of decimal point)

Zero suppression (according to ISO)

I. Suppression of leading zeros

The notati on XOOI 2 , 145 i s vague and corr;plicated . Thus ·.< ith
many NC units the leading ze ros need not be .:ritten.

Example·

Notat ion wi thout suppression of Notation with supp r ession

leading zeros of l eadi ng zeros

XOOI2,
........
145 Xl 2 ,145

Le:aing zeros

2 . . Suppression of consecutive zeros (according to ISO)

The zeros aft er the decimal point need not be written.

Example·

Notatio n without s uppression of Notation with suppression

consecut i ve zeros of consecutive zeros

Xl2,2$:9 Xl2 .

/
Consecutive zeros l

\ )

9.5
_,
Formats

Format speci fication

COMPACT 5 CNC In our format specification on the CO:.!PACl' 5 CNC we h ave

indicated the forma t s ymbolically.

N . ./G .. /X •.•. / Z •••.•

Program format specification (according to ISO)

A t ypica l e xar.ple:
li4/G2/X4 3/ Z<l )/ .•.... etc .

h"hat r:r.eans X4 3?

X 43

The first f i gure neans the The second f i gure r:r.eans the
number of possible digi ts nuc~er of possible digi t s
before the deci~al poi n t after the decimal point

,,_.,.,_ (
3

If there is only o ne f igure after the address characte r ,

the n it c-.eans the nucher of digits before the deci l:'. al point .
Tne largest prograrr."nablc block n uo:J::e r >till then be : !1~_99,
II 4

Exercise : Ind i cate the program fo r r..at of t he CO:·tPACl' 5 CI:C (a ccording

to ISO)

N .. /G •• /X •.• ./z ..... /f' . ..

9.6
 Programming of absolute value I Programming of reference value

( l
Programming of absolute value I Programming of reference value

Industrial NC-roachines allO'..; bo t h abso·

lute and incremental pr ogra~~i ng. The
computer must be hO",.;eve r inforro€d on
ha....· to understand the dat a \ihich a re
put in: absolute or incre ~e nta l. Th is
informa tion i s g i ven via G- functions .

G90 = Absolute dimension input

G91 = I ncr.,roental dit!e nsion input
Example: Prograrrc1ling of absolute value
Poin ts P, / P1 /P, have t o be de s c rib ed i n
60 t he absolu te s ys tem ; zer o point o f the
coordinate systen as indicated.
( 30
j
t-15- N G X z

~ 00 G9o

-z «R\ ..,
0
·- -s. - - 1-"' .t p, ol ol Ia Go

r
p, o2 ol lo 45
Ze10- ~ ~
point pl o3 ol 2o 0

..
/ p2
\. By progrrua~ing o f G90 all follo'<i ng X/Z
inputs ~i l l be ca l culated as absolut e .
+X \pj ·. This instruction will be cance lled , i f
you progr am G9t .

Exercise:
{ Describe poi nts P1 /P, /P, in the absolute
' system. Zero point as i nd i c a ted.

-x
N G X z F

~
.
-z 1/ & +Z
- ~
~eropoint

/
+X

{ )
.

9.7
 Programming of diameter

I
Programming of diameter
-
l~orkp ieces to be turned are mostly ind i - t·:nether the customer (••ho buys the oa-
cated in the technical dra;d ng «i th chi ne ) wants a prog rarrmi ng facility fo r
t heir diarr~te r s. To convert t he diame- radius or for di a~eter has to be indi-
ter values into radius values is time cated ~hen orderi ng the ~~C - machine.
consuming and can bring about miscalcu-
l ation. Tnerefore , with practically all
lathes t he diameter is prograrrmed.

Example:
Zero point as indica ted
60 Prcgrar.ming of absolute value
Prograr:Jlling of diameter
30
14- 15• N G X z

~ p1
..
..
9o
2o 6o
( )

1 PJ .. 2o 45

~ ~ -- ; - I-
-
r
"'
P, .. 4o 3o

/ ~.
~

+X \p)
.

Example: P rogra~~ing of diameter

Program point P, absolute, poi nt p2 in -

cremental , point p3 absolu t e. ( J

N G X z F

;
J

9.8
 Control circuit

( )

The Control Circuits on NC-Machines

1. Open control circuit (e. g. COMPACT 5 CNC)

..
, ... , ,..
......... ...
·~

( )

l\'C -control
uni t

( )
,."', .,.."....0
k 0
(!)
>
<I
k
...."
... ~~~~~~~-~~!~~ ~~!~~
8
<> The NC- control un it gives the instr uc-
r:
·-< tion to traverse to t he f eed motor , e . g.
to traverse b y 37 ,2 5 r.ro. An a nswer back
Nachine teed
motor J(j- signal , ,.,hether t he slide has actually
moved , is not g i ven.

I )

9.9
Control circuit

2. Closed control circuit

(}
11' NC-
" --;:::==:;){ control
n I'
~ un i t
....5
...u
CD .......5
"~
tl
....<:

I I
I

~:::::::::::::d
IOOmm I
230mm

~n o machi ne i s equipped wi t h a pos i tion

measure syste:n. The positions o f the
sl i des a re conti nuously indi cated to the
control un i t .

~~!~£~~!~ - !~~~~e!~~
l )
~ne slide is a t position 23o rr.-u. \~e
give i nstr uc tion to t rave r se Z - l )o r.m .
The pos i t ion ceas ure s ystem reports to
t he !lC-cont r o l unit: my position is
23o t:'.m .

The calc ul a tor calcula t es:

Actua l value = 23o mm
Desired va l ue = ( 23o - l3o) = l oo am

Thus I have to gi ve tra ver s e i ns truct i on

~·n c:-a T££0
unt il I r ece i ve information f r o:n the po-
MfASU;!E MOTOr:\ sition oeasur e : I have rea ched at loo ~~ .

9 .1 0
 Important points

(
Important Points

1. The machine datum M

Syrr.bol ~ H

The machine datun i s t he origi n of the

coordinate system. l·:ith l a th es it is
on the woun ting base of the cain spi ndl e
flange and the turning axis . Jt cannot
be changed by the user of the machine .
I t was fixed by the manufacturer and
progra~ed into the co~put er ~e=ory . The
point has the coordinates x~o, ZcO.
( )

2. The machine reference point R

Symbo l ~ R

The oachine re tere nce point serves for

the calibration of the measure s ystem.
The position of point R is determined
from the manufacturer by cams . Tnc mea-
sures X!·IR and ZI·IR are fi xed in the com-
puter and cannot be changed by t he user .

Calibration procedure

a) ~he s l ides are coved until the cars

indicate: "The slides are a t refe-
rence point R". The displacement c ca-
( ) suri.ng system indicate the measured
values X and z.

b) The co=puter COffipa r es ~'IR and X resp .

Z~IR a nd Z.

XI·IR}
Z!·~
= fi x s tored va lues

-- --- - -- xz} = weasured values

c ) I f there is a devia tion , then x- and
z - values in the r..easuro s y stcn will
be corrected .

I )

9. 11
Important points

~-------------------------------------------

Example
Slides are in reference poi nt position R.
Program:ning the of fsct fro:n R to oachinc
reference point M as fo llo~s.
tl G X z
.. G9o
.. ol XHR Z~IR

3. The workpiece zero -point W

The vari ous chucking devices arc oounted )

onto the cain spi ndle . The dlstancc of
the face side of the ~orkpi cce to the
machine datum (X 4 /X 1 /X•) differs, depend-
ing on the jaws •.;hich ·.;e use for chuck -
ing . That ~auld cause a lot of calcula-
tion work l<hen pr ogram:ning.

The refore:
Offset o f the origin of the coordinate
systen into the ~:orkpi ece ze ro poi nt I~.
G92 Proqrar.med offset of reference point

The origin of the coordinate system is the

machine reference poi nt. This origi n of the
coordinate system can be o ffset to t he work -
piece zero poi nt I~ . It i s effected via
G- f unk tion G92.
w
The ~~rkpiece ze r o poin t is described fro~
point R •.;hen the offse t i s programn:ed via G92

I
x,,,~ Coordinates of 1-1

X-1\xis: no offset ¢ XI-!Rs ¢ Xl·1;1 • 120m.-n

= 200
.' Z-llxi s: ZR"o1 = ZMR -
P rogra ~~ ing
ZM'rl

the offset
- 40 = 160

N G X z
.. 90
.. 92 120 160

9.12
 lmportanl polnls

( )

Ex ample

Prog raffil--ning the points P1 /P1 /P!

Prcg rarur.ing o f absolute value

Prcg rarr."lling of diame ter
.. \

N G X z
.. 9o
.. 92 12o 16o
.. 00 lo So
.. ol lo 6c
l)lf l f ?OOJ .. ol 3o 25
( l

~------~ ------·~

Exe rcise

Prcg ram the offset of I~ (desig n) and

( J prog r am points P,/P.t/P3 .

_C
z
~
N G X F
- .. w
- r·- ~- - -·- 1-.:! ~ 0

- !!
"$

L
i
120
200

( )

9 .13
Important points

4. The dead stop point A (Symbol-@)

Tne di stance of the point A a lters depending
on the c lamping device .

Position of point A c.ust be cosidered •,:hen

proqra~~ing the offset of the coordinate
syste:n .

5. The set value E (Symbol * )

The set point & is the zero point for t he
tool pre- setting . Starting fro~ thi s
poi nt , t he ceas urements for the t ool bit
dirr.ensions L and Q a re se t a nd calculated
(compare add ress T).

6. Tool post reference point T (Symbol4·)

( )
Point T is exactly the point of r ota-
tion of the tool post.

7. Slide reference point F (Symbol~- )

A point on the tool post.

- ,A
-J{ Jr --r- -
m, ~ : __J /-~-
w
- ·- If l?'l I~
- l.. --1-- -l
M

L __ _
T'nerc aa:e even trJOrc r e ference points on
certain r;c- ::achines (compare relative
instruc tion b ook) .

\-lith ma ny mach ines var ious points are

for reasons of sic,p lici ty ide ntical with
re f erence point R.

R =E • T =F

9 .14
 Address N

)
A Programming Sheet of a n Industrial Machine

Address N (Block Number)

z I K F
I R
I I I I s T M

Th e nwrobe r of blocks i s 9999. (Addre ss

f ormat N4 ) . lie program in decimal j umps
so we can pu t in block s also aftet~·a rds
without having to rewr ite the whole pro-
gram .

( ) common for mat : N4 (to 9999 b locks)

Ex ample
1+-- 29 --+1 'I he progra~~~r has f ixed a depth of cut
of 5 mm . l\"hon t he operation s t arts , the
de pth o f cut tur n s out to be too l arge .

0 N X/U Z/W
" - - -1---
$
G

00 84 3 .000 3o.ooo
01 84 2 . 000 3o.ooo
10
20

lnse rtlng a block

( ) NOD 'The operator changes the program by d i -
vidi nq bloc.k NCO in t wo sinq le blocks
(NOO NO I ) with 3 rr.rn resp. 2 m;o depth
•
of c ut .

N G X/U Z/li

~ """ """"""
................
00
10
84 5. 000 3o ooo

20
30
- . . -- ~
Which possibi lities do you have for in-
N~l sert ing a block on t he CO~!PACJ' 5 CIIC?

~ \ """"
lihic h other possibilities ···ould there be
in t his exar:ple - Maybe 1<ithout dividing
the block?
{ ) NOD
In w•hich ....ay were the values X and z
give n?

9.15
The Addresses G/X/Z/R/M

I K s T M

Addresses G/X/Z: Tnese you kna~ already

fro:n 1<0rki n9 •,-lith tho CO!·IPACT 5 CI\C . (

Address H: Nisce llan eous fu nc tions,

codes to be found on pa9e 9 . 4 .

Programming example
Block I: Spindle speed in clcck•,;iso di-
r ection 24oo rev/min.

Block 2: Coolant 1 0:1

N G s H

01 97 2400 03
02 07

Address R: Tne add ress R refers to the

control unit. It is programn:ed in con-
ne ction •-:ith the constant cutting speed.

9.16
 AddressS

Address S (Spindle Speed)

X z I K F T M

Wi t h industria l NC - ruachines a l so the

spind l e speeds arc prograrr•ued.

1. Constant spindle sp eed

()
!':~~~e!~~
'f\lrn ing a taper
Wi th cons t ant spind l e speed (e .g . l ooo
rpm) also t he c u t t i ng speed changes f ro:n
dl x T( X S 2o X '!!' X l ooo
Vs t ~
l ooo • l ooo

= 62 m/ min .

to
d2 X1f" X S 4o X '1i X looo
Vs2 = !coo looo

~ 124 m/rrin.
The r.a xinum cutti ng speed is gi ven (de -
) pendi ng on oat er i a l of the tool b it ,
r aw mat e r i a l o f workpiece , depth of
cut, e t c . ) .

IHth cons tant s pind l e speed t he r..ax imum

cutting speed has t o be set at t he lar-
gest diamet er.

~~~'!~~~ ~~2~ ~
- ~~en cut ti ng speeds change also cut-
t i ng condi tion (sur face) ·.-Ul change.
- 11any caterials can be hardly worked
wi t h teo lo·.< cutting speeds.

9.17
Addresses IlK
--------------------------------------------
Addresses 1/K

X z ®I F R s ., T IM

'l'here are common cr-:C - uni t s where 1/K are

use d for t he description of the center
point of circle. On industr ial machi nes
any type of arc can be ach i eved .

( I

Prograrr...-ning

Tool bi t is positioned in point l.

1121 35
N G X z I K

10 01 30 -35
20 02 60 - 47 25 IS
.--J

I 'I

0
~ -· -+-
Po

I "'"'"
Block lo: Program:ni ng of P1 to P, .

-L-·-·-t-·-·
I ' Bleck 2o: Turning o f radius
Tool bit is at point P2 .

x,z- values:
In colurr~s X and Z we enter the coordi-
nates of point P~ .
X60 (Progranming of diarr~ter )
Z-47 (Programmi ng of absolute val ue )

1/K-values

I and K are the coordi nates of the cen -

ter point o f radius . These values have
to be put in incremental ly. Starting
point for the description of poi olt PJ. -
Starting point for the arc.

( I

9.20
 Addresses X/U , Z/ W

Addresses X/ U, Z/ W

I K IF R s T M

The measurements in c ost drawings are
given in a mixed code, both absolute
and increr..en tal. IH th the preparatory
functions G90 and G91 you can choose
bet.:een these two codes. In many in-
stances it will ho-..;ever be simpler to
program in both· codes i n one block .
For this case the address e s u and N are
used. I f the values a r e enter ed under
x,z t hey will be calc ulated as absolute.
I f ent ered under U/h', the values ·.~ill
be increc:ental .

Exarr.ple:
( ) ~------ ~------~
The points P1 /P1 /P:; are prograr.rr;ed . The
point P1 is ab·ays wri tten absolute.

1. PrograrrJoing of absolute val ue in x- 3. X-absolute I Z-inc rementa l

and z-axis N •• /G90
N • • /G90 II . ./GOO/XIO/ZBO
N • ./GOO/X 10/ZBO 1: • ./GOI/XI0/1~20
N • ./GO I /X 10/ZGO 11 •• /GOI /X)O/IHS
N •• /G01/X30/Z 25
2. Prograrr~ing of increcental value in 4. X-incrementa l I Z-absolute
X- and Z-axis N • ./G90
N .• / G90 N, ./GOO/X10/Z80
( J N.. /GOO/X 10/ZSO N. ./GO I /UO/ZGO
N. ./G01/U0/1~20 N. . /GOI/U 10/Z25
II. ./GOI/UIO/IHS

Exercise:

carry out all •I ways in program:>iog

Progra:n the workpi ece zero point in the
indicated position.

( )

9 .21
Addre ss T

Address T (Tool)
Address forll'.at : T'l (T .. .. )

T . is the abbrevi ation for "TOOL".

I K F R
I I
s ® M

Industrial o:;achines are quipped 1d th

tool holders which can hold 4 , 6 ,8, 12
or more tools .

The toolholder of machining centers can

hold So and more tools .

Tne tool change is done aut omatically

and ~ust be progr~~d.

Fixings for programming

Position number (example: 4-way tool holder)

l·:e have to in form the des ired ang le po-
s ition to the coocputcr. Tne instruc t i on ,
to the toolholder "l·:ove by 27o0 ", ·.wuld
be too long, currl:l er sorr.c and depending
on the language.

Fixing

The 4 pos iti ons of the toolholder are

numbered: 01 .• /02 . . /03 .. /04 ..
Examole:
0 Prograr~ ing for position 02 .. in bloc~
120
04 03

oo

Tne t oolholder will ~vc to position 02.

9 .22
 -
Address T

) Tool pre-seHing

Like on the CO:.!PAC'l' 5 CtlC t he tool s must

,_- 1t4 --l be pre-se t, so t he position o f the edges
in X- and z-axis to each other are kno·.:n.

Wny a t ool pre- se t ting de vice?

X•O
Z>O Tne setti ng o f tool s direct a t the r;c-
mach ine ~ould b e unecono~ical, because
t ho machine "ould be blocked too long
(cost fact or ) .

The tool setting pointE (Symbol -$-)

( )
a) Origi n for the mcasurerr~n ts and set-
ting i s a point on the t ool holder.
This point is ca lled t he tool setting
E poin t .

b) Th i s i s the re fe rence point for po-

sitioning the t ool .
L distance i n x-axis
Q = distance in z-axi s

The se t ti ng ·chart

( ) Right hand tool:

L = Go nr.
Q = )o IUl

Le f t hand t ool:
L Go rn:l
Q o !S u.ro

~he rr~as ure s/dicc ns ions

L/Q are entered
in the set ting chart, so that both -
the tool pre-setter a nd the progra=~er -
=<nC'•I the position of the tool edge .

\. )

9.23
Address T

The tool storage and the tool number

Do you rerr.ember exe rcise B. 2 1? 1-lhen
changing froj the right hand t o the
left hand s i de tool , ~e had to take in-
to account the dirtcnsi on 14 r..., in the
program . l-Ie had to ca lcu late .

\-l ith industrial r;c-mach ines t his cal-

culation work is ta~en over by the
cc:npu ter. h'e have just to enter the re-
la ti ve dat a .

Programming
(
Add ress format: T4

T •.
........ -
L Nun<.bcr of tool (TOI , T02 ,
'1'03 , '1'04)

Posi tion number (O l /02/03 )

- The first figures stand for t he posi-

tion of tho t oo lholder.

- The second t~o f i gures indicate tho

nu~.ber of the tool . Under this nQ~e r
the tool data are stored (L/ Q/ R etc .)

Example :

!/ T H

00 o4o4 o6
120 o3ol c6

'IOJO l

The tool holder turns in block 12o to

posi t1on 03.

'1'0301

Tne co~puter kno~s the L/Q/R values and

calculates t he c.ovece nt . Tnese values
must. ho·.<ever be e ntered into the t ool
storage . )

------------------------------
9.24
 Address T

Input In the tool storage

l~ehave to put into the tool storage

the t ool data for each tool (~1, T02 .. )

Exanple:
Tool: TO!
( ) L = 25 II-11 I Q = 4
' r;.o
- ·-$· R = o , B m::1

- -·..-Q

Tool : 'T02
I L = 25 , 8 run I Q • 2o ~~
R = o,S =
·$-·
( )

Inputs

1. L- value

2 . Q-value

3. cutting radius "r" for calculation

of the equidistant (radius co~pen ­
sation) .

4 . Position of t he cutting radius (1, 2 ,

3,4, 5 etc.) so the cocputer kn~•s
whether t he calcu lated correction
( )
valuo has to !Je added or substrac t ed .

9.25
Address T

How come s th e tool tip K to point P with thi sprogramming?

N G X z

00 90
01 92 ~X~!Rc~XI·~~ ZWR= Zt·1R-Z!·:'t'l

02 ~X +Z

Procedure :

Block liOO : G90 = Prograrr.ming of absolute

va lue

Block 1101 : G92 a Of fset of the coordi-

n a te s yste m by Zh' H

!Hoc k 1103 : Tool traverses to pos ition

¢ X/Z.

r
r-
h
Z px
-
- w
- lt.i
r...'
-- ~- -- -- X
'S
- - - -
-
M
L-

L- J
"
C>.
X
-- _0 .,_
"1 "2
..J
\1'1 -r-E•R X

~
\, Ill"

Zwe- ZwR -
zi.IR • zi,IE

9.26
 Address T

Run-oft In Computer

!·lachine Tool
storage Storage storage

3 4
5
6

Hicroprocessor

( l I nstructions

I. Hicroprocessor- Nachinc storage CALCULl\Tl<A'l 1\0HX Of' I.JICROPROCESSOR

l!o·,.,. large are the distances R to H? I have to instruct to traverse to ¢ X

and dicension z.
2. ~lachi ne stor age - ~ticroprocessor
I Z-di recti on:
The distances arc X~ffi and Z~ffi
Uffi - Z~7.1 - Q - Z • ~
3. ~licroprocessor - Storage I So I have t o traverse by .zKe.,

Is machine zero point offset? 2. X- d i r ection:

( l 4. Storage I - l·licroprocessor Xl•ffi - L - ¢ X • XKP
I have to traverse in X-direction by
Yes: I ns t ruction G92 in block 1:01 ~<as ~.
given. lle··· zero point is offset b y dis-
t ilnce z:.:-;~. .

llicroproce ssor: I have to subs t ract Zl·~~

with all z-values.

S . Hi croprocessor - Tool storage

110'•' large are the distances of the cut-

t i ng tips K and R?

6. Tool storage - loli c r oprocessor

No , the distances R to K are L and Q.

Hicroproce ssor: so I have to take in to
\ 1 account L/Q.

9.27
 PROGRAIVIMBLATI EMCO COMPACT 5 CNC
N G X z F Bemerkungen S (1/m·nj

( l

--
-- --

t-

( -

)
O..nennung (Name Oalum BlaU
~e·clv\\>ngs· Nr.

Ptograrrm·l-~.
 Conversions page I

Inch- Metric Conversions n

+ Heasu,re of length
+ Feed size
+ Feed speed
+ Cutting speed

Length Measurement

, .
Inch system He tric $ystem

Basic measures of length are inch Bas ic unit of measures of length is

and feet. the m.

\ Parts of inch are written both as In technical draw'ihgs all measures

fractional and decimal inch in of length are shown in rrm. )
technica l drawings. 1 mm = o.oo1 m
Parts of w~ are written as decimal
mm only.

Inch mm

1011 254 mm
Conversioo • t II 25,4 rnm
. 1" 2,54 mm
Inch to mm
11
.01 o, 254 !L.'!I

Hultiply inch dimension with 25.4 .ool" o,o254 m:n

.oool" o,oo254 mm
Example:
I .63" = 1.63" X 25 .4 = 41.4o2 1'•. 0 .
\
rou Inch (exactly) Inch (rounded)
l )
Conversion
looo •
39.37oo7 4o
!Ml to inch (1 m)

loo 3 .937oo 4
+ Q!y_ide mm by 25.4 1o .3937o .4
Example: 41.4o2 rrm : 25.4 = 1.63" 1 .o3937 .o4
+Multiply inch· with .o4 (rounded o, I .oo393 . 004
factor) o,ol . ooo39 .0004
Example: 1 IUD x .o4 = . o4 "

/
'I
"'-~"\
)
Conversions page 1
I
a·
 I
r Conversions pago 2

Feed Size IFtl

l'.etcric

Feed s i ze l a given in inch per re- Feed size is given in mm por revo-
vol ution. lution.

inch
F
1 • rev7 Ftc =
-
rev .
\ )
·.
Conversion
\

!E£!!. - - -- - to - -- - mm
Rov. rev.

MUltiply with fac-

tor 25 .4

o.oofinc~
Lrev]
x 125.41 c o,o254r ltll!l
Lre~

~ inch
rov. to
rev. r)

Multiply with fac-

tor .04

.o2sf-J
rov.
X

EJ G
o.ool" cinch]
.rev .

I
I
I
..

( ) (( J
Conversions page 2
 Conversions page 3

•
'
,~

, oI

Metric
Inch
, .
Feed speed is given in inch per minute Feed speed is given in rrn per minute

Conversions with fac-

tor 25.4 resp. o , o4
)
•

~ inch/mm x l2s .41 = loo mm/ min.

loo mm/ min x lo ,o41 = 4 i nch/min.

Calculation of Feed s peed (F 2)

(inch)

- F2 [Inch]
min.
= s G(L1J X Fl
~c:v]
Exampl e:

- . ooo8'' per revolution

I
Fl
s • 15oo rpm

F2 • ?
inch
F2 • s X Fl = 15oo x .ooos I,2
min .

Conversions page j
 ~,

Conversions page 4

'
~) ''k I
Cutting Speed (Vs) f

(Sur face speed)

Hetric

In inch practice .the cutting speed In metric practice the cutting speeds
is given in feed per minute are given in meter per minute

In short:
SFH (surface speed per minute) or
fprn (feed per minute )

Sx'Jr xD sx11' xD
12 = 1ooo

j
Vs = Cutting speed (feed per minute) Vs Cutting speed (meter per minute)
S = Spindle speed (rpm) S = Spindle speed (rpm)
D = Diameter of ~orkpiece (inch) o = Diameter of \,·orkpiece

Conversion of Cutti ng Speeds

~lultiply fptn- value

~ith o, 3

So fpm x B • 24 m/min

' fpm
(

\ 2. Hetric

Hultiply m/min-value
with 3. 3
,
24 m/min x~ - So fpm.

)calculating the Spindle Speed I

\ Inch Hetric
/
.12 X Vs
s = 7( X D

/
s = Spindle speed (rpm)
Vs Cutting speed (fpm)
D = Diameter (inch)
~- k /'
•'I
• •
1( = 3.14

]_