Concept of PDH Multiplexing

 What is the need of Exploiting the media and the line terminal equipment for optimum capacity.

Types of multiplexing ?
FDM TDM DWDM
PDH SDH

PDH MULTIPLEXING
What is Frequency Division Multiplexing ? Prescribed Structure of FDM? Stage of No. of Chls Frequency Range hierarchy Channel ..1 1- 4 kHz Sub Group3 12 - 24 kHz Group.12 60 - 108 kHz Super Group60 312-552khs
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PDH MULTIPLEXING
Super Master Group.900 Channel (312-4028 Khz) Band for Microwave Radio Channel 2 x Super Master Group (900 Channel)
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PDH MULTIPLEXING
Band for 4 Mhz coaxial cable 1 Super Master Group (900 Channel) Band for 12 Mhz coaxial cable 3 x Super Master Group (900 Channel) = 2700 Channel

 In TDM there are two type of multiplexing 1. Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy 2. Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

 What is DWDM ?
DWDM means on each wavelength we can transmit one transport digital structure.

PDH MULTIPLEXING
Prescribed PDH Hierarchies.
S. No. Order of Mux. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. First Order Second Order Third Order Fourth Order Fifth Order Bit rates 2048kbit/s 8448kbit/s 34368kbit/s 139264kbit/s 565Mbit/s No. of Channels 30 120 480 1920 7680
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PDH MULTIPLEXING
8.448 Mbit/s ; frame length 848 bit: 100.4 us ; ITU-T G.742 10 2 200 4 208 4 208 4 4 204

1a 2a 3a 4a

1b 2b 3b 4b

1b 2b 3b 4b s1 s2 s3 s4

1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 AN

A: Alarm Bit N: National Spare Bit : Stuffing Control Bit S: Stuffing Bit

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Details of 8.448 Mbit Frame Structure

Frame sync signal y 1 #1 #49 #50

SET 1

1111010000x
C1 C11 C12 C13 C14 C2 C21 C22 C23 C24 C3 C31 C32 C33 C34 V #103 #51

#2

#3

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

SET 2

#52

#53

#54

#55

#101

#102

2 3 4 1 2 3 4

SET 3

#104

#105

#106

#107

#153

#154

2 3 4 1 2 3 4

SET 3

#155

#156

#157

#158

#204

#205

2 3 4 1 2 3 4

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PDH MULTIPLEXING
Standard Principles of Multiplexing ? It conforms interfaces as per ITU recommendation G.703 Principle characteristic of Multiplexing or De-multiplexing as per ITU recommendation G.742 Multiplexing method bit by bit interleaving in tributary sequence
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Coding HDB3 Remote Station Alarm reception Local loop back Remote Loop Back

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Concept of Local Loop Back ENCODER Elastic Memory at 2Mbit/s

DECODER

Elastic Memory at 8Mbit/s

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Concept of Remote Loop Back

ENC.
Elastic Memory at 2Mbit/s Elastic Memory at 8Mbit/s Elastic Memory at 8Mbit/s

DEC.

Elastic Memory at 2Mbit/s

DEC.

ENC.

A Station

B Station

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34.368 Mbit/s ; frame length 1536 bit; 44.7 us; ITU-T G.751 10 2 372 4 380
1a 2a 3a 4a

380

4 4

378

1b 2b 3b 4b

1c 2c 3c 4c s1 s2 s3 s4

1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 AN

A: Alarm Bit N: National Spare Bit : Stuffing Control Bit S: Stuffing Bit

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Details of 34.368Mbit Frame Structure

SET 1

1111010000x
C1 C11 C12 C13 C14 C2 C21 C22 C23 C24 C3 C31 C32 C33 C34 V #186 #95

Frame sync signal

y 1

#1

#2

#3

#92

#93

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

SET 2

#96

#97

#98

#99

#184

#185

2 3 4 1 2 3 4

SET 3

#187

#188

#189

#190

#281

#282

2 3 4 1 2 3 4

SET 4

#283

#284

#285

#286

#-----

#-----

2 3 4 1 2 3 4

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Plesiochronous Hierarchies Frame Structures

139.264 Mbit/s; frame length 2928 bit; ITU-T G.751 12 4 472 4 484 4 484 4 484 4 484 4 4 480

1a 2a 3a 4a

1b 2b 3b 4b

1b 2b 3b 4b 1b 2b 3b 4b 1c 2c 3c 4c s1 s2 s3 s4

1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ANNN

A: Alarm Bit N: National Spare Bit 1a,b,c,d: Stuffing Control Bit S: Stuffing Bit
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PARAMETERS Frame alignment word : 111110100000 Alarm indication for far-end terminal Bits reserved for national use Bits coming from tributaries Justification service bits bits coming from tributaries

BITS ALLOCATION

SET from 1 to 12 13 from 14 to 16 from 17 to 488 SET II to V from 1 to 4 from 5 to 488 SET VI

Justification service bits Variable slots bits coming from tributaries Frame width Bits per tributary per frame Information bits per tributary

from 1 to 4 from 5 to 8 from 9 to 488 2928 bit 2928 : 4 = 732 bit 732 bit
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PDH MUXING
2/8 Opti Mux. System Architecture as per (PUNCOM)
E X C H A N G E
2Mb/s 2Mb/s

O/I

2nd 8Mb/s 8Mb Order OLTE Mux/ 2Mb/s Demux

2Mb/s

Phone O/W

E X 2nd 8Mb 8Mb/s Order 2Mb/s C H OLTE Mux/ Mux A Demux 2Mb/s N G O/W 2Mb/s E Phone O/I
2Mb/s
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70 km (max)

Electrical Interface and Orderwire

Bit Rate Impedance Line Code Type of Order Wire VF Band S/NQ Noise : : : : : : : 8448kbps 75 Ohms unbalanced HDB-3 ADM 0.3 to 3.4 kHz >24dB Better than -45Bm0p
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PDH MUXING
Optical Interface Bit Rate Optical Source Center Wavelength Spectral Width Mean Launch Optical Power Optical Receiver Receiver Sensitivity for BER 1 x 10E-10 Dynamic Range of Receiver Receiver Overload Type of Connector : : : : : : : : : : 8.976 Mb/s Laser 1310 nm 4nm or less -2 to -5dbm PINFET >-38dbm >20db 0dbm FC - PC
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PDH MULTIPLEXING
2/34 Opti Mux. System Architecture as per (PUNCOM)
E X C H A N G E
2Mb/s

O/I 2/34 34Mb/s 34Mb Mux OLTE and Dmux Phone O/W

(1)

2/34 (1) 34Mb 34Mb/s Mux and OLTE Dmux

O/W
(16)

O/I

2Mb/s

(16)

2Mb/s

Phone

2Mb/s

E X C H A N G E
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70 km (max)

34368kbit/s Interface (Specification as per HFCL make )

Bit Rate Impedance Tolerance Input Signal Code Out of Signal Code Return Loss Pulse peak Voltage Pulse width at half Amplitude : : : : : : : : 34368kbit/s 75 Ohms unbalanced 20ppm HDB3 HDB3 >20 db in the 3.4 khz to 51 MHz band 1 Vpp 75 unbal. 14.5ns 2.45 ns
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2/140 Opti-Mux. System Architecture

1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16

2/34 Mbit/s 2/34 Mbit/s 2/34 Mbit/s 2/34 Mbit/s

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D D F

34/140 Mbit/s Elect. Interface

2/140 Mbit/s Optical Interface

Specification as per Crompton - Greaves of 140Mbit/s Optical Interface

Bit Rate Line Code Type of Laser

: : :

Wavelength : Spectrum Width : Mean launch optical : power

139.520Mbit/s CMI FP LASER (Single-Mode) 1280 -1310 nm 4nm -.5dBm(up to3dBm) Contd...
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Specification of Crompton Greaves System of 140Mbit/s Optical Interface

Receiver Sensitivity for : BER 1x10 10 at 1310nm Connector :

Better than 32.0dBm FC-PC

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