STATISTICAL TREATMENT

Statement of the problem: How did the seven national broadsheets (through their editorial cartoons) portray President Benigno S. Aquino, III in his first of administration?

CHI-SQUARE Hypothesis: Ho: The President is not portrayed negatively in the editorial cartoons of the seven national broadsheets during his first year of administration (June 30, 2010 up to June 30, 2011) The President is portrayed negatively in the editorial cartoons of the seven national broadsheets during his first year of administration (June 30, 2010 up to June 30, 2011)

Ha:

Slant/Treatment TODAY
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Seven National Broadsheets

TRIBUNE
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PDI
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TIMES
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STAR
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MALAYA
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MB
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Positive Negative

23 (37.4) 94 (79.6) 117

17 (37.7) 101 (80.3) 118

35 (17.9) 21 (38.1) 56

13 (11.2) 22 (23.8) 35

14 (8.6) 13 (18.4) 27

6 (4.8) 9 (10.2) 15

14 (4.5) 0 (9.5) 14

122 260 N=382

Probability value (alpha) Degrees of freedom (df) critical value

0.05 6 12.59

=obtained frequency =theoretical frequency = (column total* row total) / N

Solving for the Chi-Square

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84.509 Condition: If the computed chi-square value is greater than the critical value (12.59), reject null hypothesis (Ho), and accept the alternative hypothesis (Ha). 84.509 and, 84. 509 > 12.59 therefore, reject Ho.

Interpretation: The computed Chi-squared value ( ) of 84.5 is greater than the critical value 12.59 on the 0.05 level using the six degree freedom. The null hypothesis is rejected; therefore the researchers accept the alternative hypothesis as true and conclude that President Benigno Noynoy Aquino, III is portrayed negatively in the editorial cartoons of the seven national broadsheets during his first year of administration. The result of this Chi-Square test showed that the difference between the positive and negative frequencies of the P-Noy-related cartoons per broadsheet is a chance difference; however the total difference between the positive and negative frequencies of the P-Noyrelated cartoons in one year is not a chance difference. Therefore, the study has proven that the dominant rate of unfavorable cartoons about the President is significant.