LPBCurrentNom HoraceMannSchool

Landmark Nomination Report
2410 E. Cherry, Seattle, WA

June 2012
Walla Walla School/Horace Mann School
Prepared by:
e Johnson Partnership
1212 NE 65th Street
Seattle, WA 98115-6724
206-523-1618, www.tjp.us
Horace Mann Public School
June, 2012, page i
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background ................................................................................................................1
1.2 Methodology...............................................................................................................1

2. PROPERTY DATA.....................................................................................................................2

3. ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION...............................................................................................3
3.1 Location and Neighborhood Character ..........................................................................3
3.2 Building Description ..................................................................................................3
3.2.1 Building Site ..................................................................................................3
3.2.2 Structure and Exterior Features .........................................................................4
3.2.3 Plan and Interior Features ................................................................................5
3.2.4 Documented Building Alterations ....................................................................6

4. SIGNIFICANCE ........................................................................................................................7
4.1 Historical Context: ......................................................................................................7
4.1.1 Neighborhood Historical Context: Central District ............................................7
4.1.2 Building History: Horace Mann Public School ................................................10
4.2 Building Ownership .................................................................................................11
4.2.1 Original Building Developer and Owner: Seattle School District No. 1..............11
4.3 Architectural Context.................................................................................................13
4.3.1 Historical Architectural Context: Colonial Revival ............................................13
4.3.2 Building Architect: Saunders & Lawton...........................................................14
4.3.3 Building Contractor: D. Dow & Co. ..............................................................16

5. REFERENCES CITED...............................................................................................................17

APPENDIX 1FIGURES.................................................................................................................... A

APPENDIX 2ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS ........................................................................................

June, 2012, page ii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Location.................................................................................................................. A-1
Figure 2 Aerial View............................................................................................................. A-2
Figure 3 Site Plan ................................................................................................................. A-3
Figure 4 View AViewing east down Cherry St. from the intersection of 23
rd
Ave. .................... A-4
Figure 5 View BViewing west down Cherry St. from the intersection of 26
th
Ave. ................... A-4
Figure 6 View CViewing northeast from 23
rd
Ave. near Garfield HS and Medgar Evers Pool .... A-4
Figure 7 View DViewing northwest from Cherry St. and 25
th
Ave. ........................................ A-4
Figure 8 View EViewing southwest from 25
th
Ave. and Columbia St. .................................... A-4
Figure 9 View FViewing southwest from 24
th
Ave. and Columbia St. .................................... A-4
Figure 10 Horace Mann School site, northeastern portable, western facade.................................... A-5
Figure 11 Horace Mann School site, northeastern portable, eastern facade..................................... A-5
Figure 12 Horace Mann School site, northwestern portable, eastern facade.................................... A-5
Figure 13 Horace Mann School site, northwestern portable, western facade................................... A-5
Figure 14 Horace Mann School site, greenhouse, western and southern facades............................. A-5
Figure 15 Horace Mann School Site, viewing northeast from 24
th
Ave. and Cherry St. .................. A-6
Figure 16 Horace Mann School, western faade.......................................................................... A-6
Figure 17 Horace Mann School, western faade, northern block, main entrance ............................ A-7
Figure 18 Horace Mann School, detail of cornice ....................................................................... A-7
Figure 19 Horace Mann School, western faade detail of cornice and column capital ...................... A-7
Figure 20 Horace Mann School, southern faade........................................................................ A-8
Figure 21 Horace Mann School, eastern faade, northern block ................................................... A-8
Figure 22 Horace Mann School, eastern faade, southern block ................................................... A-9
Figure 23 Horace Mann School, eastern and northern faades ..................................................... A-9
Figure 24 Horace Mann School, northern faade...................................................................... A-10
Figure 25 Horace Mann School, interior at main entry............................................................. A-10
Figure 26 Horace Mann School, interior viewing south at southern stair and entry ..................... A-11
Figure 27 Horace Mann School, interior at upper floor hallway................................................. A-11
Figure 28 Horace Mann School, interior detail at stair .............................................................. A-12
Figure 29 Horace Mann School, interior at upper floor hallway................................................. A-12
Figure 30 Horace Mann School, interior at classroom............................................................... A-13
Figure 34 Sanborn Insurance Maps, 1904-1905, vol. 2.......................................................... A-15
Figure 35 Sanborn Insurance Maps, 1905-1950, vol. 2.......................................................... A-16
Figure 36 The William Grose house ...................................................................................... A-17
Figure 37 Madison Street Cable Railway Co., ca. 1889 ........................................................... A-17
Figure 38 Residential Area of Seattle looking West, 1899-1900. .............................................. A-17
Figure 39 T.T. Minor School exterior, Central Neighborhood, 1934 ....................................... A-17
Figure 40 Providence Hospital, Seattle, 1911. ......................................................................... A-17
Figure 41 African Methodist Episcopal Church ...................................................................... A-17
Figure 42 Mt. Zion Baptist Church, 1934. ............................................................................ A-18
Figure 43 Buddhist Temple Exterior, Central Neighborhood, Seattle, 1951.............................. A-18
Figure 44 Bikur Cholim Synagogue, 17
th
Ave. and Yesler Way ................................................ A-18
Figure 45 Dedication ceremony of the Seattle Talmud Torah .................................................... A-18
June, 2012, page iii
Figure 46 Street Railway workers laying concrete slabs at 21
st
Ave. and Jackson St., 1934 ............ A-18
Figure 47 Horace Mann School, aerial view, 1966................................................................... A-18
Figure 48 Horace Mann School viewed from 24
th
Ave. NW showing portables, ca. 1940 ........... A-19
Figure 49 Horace Mann School and students .......................................................................... A-19
Figure 50 Graduating class portrait, June 1934, in front of Horace Mann School ....................... A-19
Figure 51 Horace Mann School showing portables................................................................... A-19
Figure 52 Horace Mann Grammar School Baseball Team, 1910............................................... A-19
Figure 53 Central II School, Seattle ........................................................................................ A-20
Figure 54 Queen Anne Schoolhouse, Seattle............................................................................ A-20
Figure 55 6
th
Street School, also named Central School, Seattle, 1885 ........................................ A-20
Figure 56 Seattle High School graduating class, June 4
th
, 1886................................................. A-20
Figure 57 Brooklyn School, Seattle ......................................................................................... A-20
Figure 58 Adams School, Seattle, 1911, Asahel Curtis ............................................................. A-20
Figure 59 Greenwood School, Seattle ...................................................................................... A-21
Figure 60 Garfield High School, Seattle .................................................................................. A-21
Figure 61 James Monroe Junior High, Seattle ......................................................................... A-21
Figure 62 Rainier Vista School, Seattle .................................................................................... A-21
Figure 63 Genessee Hill Elementary, Seattle ............................................................................ A-21
Figure 64 Sealth High School, Seattle...................................................................................... A-21
Figure 65 Wren Building at the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA .................... A-22
Figure 66 Salem School, Naugatuck, Conn. ............................................................................ A-22
Figure 67 Richard Hugo House, Seattle.................................................................................. A-22
Figure 68 Housing at Fort Lawton, Seattle............................................................................... A-22
Figure 69 Gymnasium at Fort Lawton, Seattle ......................................................................... A-22
Figure 70 Kenney Home for the Aged, Fauntleroy Ave SW. and SW. Myrtle St., Seattle 1908..... A-22
Figure 71 Charles W. Saunders, ca. 1902 .............................................................................. A-23
Figure 72 George Lawton ...................................................................................................... A-23
Figure 73 Rainier Hotel, between 5
th
Ave. and 6
th
Ave., Marion St. and Columbia St. ................ A-23
Figure 74 Broderick Building, 619 2
nd
Ave. ........................................................................... A-23
Figure 75 Olympic Block, at 1
st
Ave. S. and Yesler Way .......................................................... A-23
Figure 76 Mercer School, N. Valley St. between 4
th
Ave. N. and Nob Hill Ave. N., Seattle ........ A-23
Figure 77 T.T. Minor School, 17
th
Ave. between E. Pike St. and E. Union St., Seattle................. A-24
Figure 78 Columbia School, Seattle........................................................................................ A-24
Figure 79 Rainier School, 23
rd
Ave. between S. King St. and S. Lane St., Seattle.......................... A-24
Figure 80 Seattle Theater and Rainier Club, Seattle .................................................................. A-24
Figure 81 Denny Hall, University of Washington, Seattle ........................................................ A-24
Figure 82 Observatory and Chimes Tower, University of Washington, Seattle ........................... A-24
Figure 83 Gymnasium and Armory, University of Washington................................................ A-25
Figure 84 Interior of the Lincoln Hotel, Seattle........................................................................ A-25
Figure 85 Original Bon Marche Building, Seattle, 1911.......................................................... A-25
Figure 86 Lumber Exchange Building, Seattle, 1911. .............................................................. A-25
Figure 87 Walla Walla School (Horace Mann), Seattle.............................................................. A-25
Figure 88 Beacon Hill School, Seattle, ca. 1960....................................................................... A-25
Figure 88a Beacon Hill School, Seattle, western facade................................................................ A-26
Figure 88b Beacon Hill School, Seattle, detail of entry at west facade ............................................ A-26
Figure 88c Beacon Hill School, Seattle, southern facade.............................................................. A-26
Figure 88d Beacon Hill School, Seattle, typical classroom........................................................... A-26
Figure 88e Beacon Hill School, Seattle, detail at south stair......................................................... A-26
Figure 88f Beacon Hill School, Seattle, detail at north stair......................................................... A-26
June, 2012, page iv
Figure 89 Alaska Building, 2
nd
Ave. at the SE corner of Cherry St. ca. 1906 .............................. A-27
Figure 90 LAmourita, Seattle ................................................................................................ A-27
Figure 91 Advertisement for the San Marco, Seattle.................................................................. A-27
Figure 92 University of Washington Forestry Building, Seattle, 1909....................................... A-27
Figure 93 University of Washington Womens Building, Seattle, 1909..................................... A-27
Figure 94 Alhambra Theater, Seattle, ca. 1909 ........................................................................ A-27

June, 2012, page 1

JUNE 2012

1. INTRODUCTION
This historic resources report provides information regarding the architectural design and historical
significance of the former Horace Mann Public School located at 2400 E Cherry Street, Seattle,
Washington. The building is located in the Central District, an area located between Seattles
Central Business District and Lake Washington. The Johnson Partnership prepared this report at
the request of the current owner of the property, Seattle Public Schools.
1.1 Background
The City of Seattles Department of Planning and Development (DPD), through a 1995 agreement
with the Department of Neighborhoods, requires a review of potentially eligible landmarks for
commercial projects over 4,000 square feet in area. As any proposed alterations or demolition of the
subject building described within this report will require a permit from DPD, the owner of this
building is providing the following report to the staff of the Seattle Landmarks Preservation Board to
resolve the propertys eligibility as a City of Seattle Landmark.
To be eligible for nomination as a City of Seattle Landmark, a building, object, or structure must be
at least 25 years old, have significant character, interest, or value, the integrity or ability to convey its
significance, and it must meet one or more of the following six criteria (SMC 25.12.350):
A. It is the location of or is associated in a significant way with an historic event with a
significant effect upon the community, city, state, or nation.
B. It is associated in a significant way with the life of a person important in the history of the
city, state, or nation.
C. It is associated in a significant way with a significant aspect of the cultural, political, or
economic heritage of the community, city, state, or nation.
D. It embodies the distinctive visible characteristics of an architectural style, period, or method
of construction.
E. It is an outstanding work of a designer or builder.
F. Because of its prominence of spatial location, contrast of siting, age, or scale, it is an easily
identifiable feature of its neighborhood or the city and contributes to the distinctive quality
or identity of such neighborhood or city.
1.2 Methodology
Larry E. Johnson, AIA, Principal, and Ellen Mirro, of The Johnson Partnership, 1212 NE 65th
Street, Seattle, WA, completed research and development of this report in May and June, 2012.
Research included review of Seattle Public Schools Archives and Records Center with the assistance
of staff archivist Aaren Purcell. Other research was undertaken at the Seattle Public Library, the
Museum of History and Industry, and the University of Washingtons Library, Special Collections.
Research also included a review of Internet websites, including HistoryLink.com. The buildings and
site were inspected and photographed in May 2012, to document the existing conditions.
June, 2012, page 2
2. PROPERTY DATA

Buildings Historic Names: Walla Walla School, Horace Mann Public School
Buildings Current Name: Mann School
Address: 2400 E Cherry Street, Seattle, WA
Location: Central District
Assessors File Number: 051900-0290
Legal Description: BLOCK 6 OF BARCLAY ADDITION TO THE CITY OF SEATTLE, AS
PER PLATT RECORDED IN VOLUME 14 OF PLATS, PAGE 63, RECORDS OF KING
COUNTY; SITUATED IN THE CITY OF SEATTLE, COUNTY OF KING, STATE OF
WASHINGTON.
Date of Construction: 1902
Original Use: Elementary School
Present Use: School-related programs
Original Owner: Seattle School District No. 1
Present Owner: Seattle Public Schools
Original Designer: Saunders and Lawton
Original Builder: D. Dow & Company
Property Size: 76,851 (4.38 acres)
Building Size: 22,042 sq. ft.
Current Zoning: LR2
June, 2012, page 3
3. ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION
3.1 Location and Neighborhood Character
Horace Mann Public School is located in Seattles Central District, on the northern side of the east-
west arterial E Cherry Street commercial corridor, with small commercial centers located one block
east at the intersection of 23
rd
Avenue and beginning two blocks west near the intersection of Martin
Luther King Way. 23
rd
Avenue and Martin Luther King Way are both major north-south arterials.
Garfield Community Center Medgar Evers Pool and Garfield High School are all located on four
consolidated blocks directly across E Cherry Street to the south. The immediate areas to the east and
west of the school are a mixture of apartments, row houses, and duplexes, with some single-family
dwellings. The area to the north is primarily a single-family neighborhood of older single-family
homes. The Islamic School of Seattle, the former Talmud Torah (1929, B. Marcus Priteca), is
located east of the school across 25
th
Avenue. A church, Emerald City SDA, is located to the
northeast of the school at the northwestern corner of the intersection of E Columbia Street and 25
th

Avenue. See Figure 1-2.
3.2 Building Description
3.2.1 Site
Horace Mann Public School occupies a full city block bordered by E Cherry Street on the south,
24
th
Avenue on the west, E Columbia Street on the north, and 25
th
Avenue on the east. The 1.76-
acre site is relatively flat sloping gently down to the south, with a low retaining wall running along
the southeastern, eastern, and northeastern property lines. The perimeter streets have sidewalks and
street trees. The site is enclosed by chain-link fencing, with gates on the west, south and north.
The site is currently occupied by the original school building located in the central southern portion
of the site, a portable building containing two classrooms located at the northeastern corner of the
site, a group of three portable classrooms lined up and running north-south located in the
northwestern corner of the site, and a greenhouse building located at the southeastern corner of the
site. The portable buildings were probably installed around 1950, and the greenhouse structure was
built around 1980. See Figures 39.
The two-classroom portable located on the northeastern portion of the site measures approximately
26 feet east-west and 66 feet north-south, is approximately 12 feet tall with a low slope (flat) roof,
and has overhangs of approximately 9 inches. The building rests on a pier-and-post foundation and
is sheathed with horizontal painted wood tongue-and-groove V-groove siding. The western faade
contains two entry doors on either end with simple wooden porches with square flat roofs. A mural
of a dragon has been painted between the doors over two boarded up openings at the center of the
building. The eastern facade has two groups of six single-hung wood sash windows. The northern
and southern facades are blank.
The portable classroom located on the northwestern portion of the site measures approximately 90
feet long north-south, and is 30 feet wide at the northern end and 25 feet wide at the southern end,
in an L shape configuration. The building appears to be composed of three portable classrooms
that were ganged together. The building rests on a pier-and-post foundation and is sheathed with
horizontal painted wood tongue-and-groove V-groove siding. The eastern faade has two entries
marking the approximate thirds of the building. There is one wood sash double hung window on
the northern end of the east faade, two groups of two single-hung windows at the middle section of
the faade, and one single hung window at the southern end of the faade. The northern faade
contains a group of six single-hung windows. The western faade is blank on the northern 30-foot
portions, recesses back five feet and contains a group of six single-hung windows on each of the
middle and southern sections. The southern faade is blank.
The greenhouse building at the southwest is approximately 45 feet long east-west, 20 feet wide
north-south and has an a-symmetrical roof, sloping from a center peak of approximately 12 feet to
the foundation on the south side, and to a plate height of approximately 8 feet 6 inches on the north
June, 2012, page 4
side, creating trapezoidal shaped facades on the east and west. The entry door is located on the
western faade. The greenhouse is clad in corrugated fiberglass, with a large section of translucent
plastic corrugated material sheathing the southern faade.
The school has a lawn area on the west and a paved play area wrapping around its eastern and
northern sides. The southern end of the site is generally paved, with the exception of small garden
areas surrounding the greenhouse. See Figures 1014.
3.2.2 Structure & Exterior Features
Horace Mann Public School is a wood-framed two-story building with an offset T shaped plan.
The building was originally conceived to have a barbell or H shaped plan, with a central block
and two wings. The building was built with only the main (north) block and the southern wing.
The building measures approximately 162 feet north-south, excluding a projecting entry porch on
the southern faade, and approximately 104 feet east-west at its widest point at the southern wing.
The building at its highest point is approximately 60 feet from grade to the top of the north-south
ridge line, not including an additional 6 feet to the top of a hip roof attic monitor vent centered
above the western faades main entrance portico. The building has a partially exposed basement
with a floor-to-ceiling height of approximately 10 feet, the first floor has a floor-to-ceiling height of
approximately 14 feet 2 inches, and the second floor has an approximate floor-to-ceiling height of
12 feet 8 inches.
Stylistically, the building can be identified as Colonial Revival, with a classical base, shaft and capital
composition. The building has a partially raised basement of painted common red brick (with large
portions painted over with graffiti). A heavy wood water table runs around the perimeter of the
building at the top of the foundation. The building exterior is generally sheathed with painted
beveled horizontal cedar siding with a 4-inch exposure. Windows, unless otherwise noted, are
original wood-sash double-hung windows with original single-pane glazing. The windows of the
upper two stories, unless otherwise noted, are tall, narrow four-over-four with shouldered casing,
heavy cornices, and heavy wood sills. The basement windows are two-over-two with brick mould
casing and stone sills. The buildings roofs have projecting eaves with soffits and ornamental
modillions. The southern wing has a hip roof with a projecting hip roof south entrance bay on the
south. The main (northern) block has a gable-end roof intersecting the hip roof south wing. The
roof has two hip roof monitor attic vents, one centered on the southern wing, and one centered above
the western faades main entrance portico. All main roofs have 7-in-12 roof slopes and are covered
with composition shingles. The main (northern) block has two projecting stairwells on the western
faade, at each end. The southern stairwell intersects the southern wing. The stairwell projections
have the same projecting eaves with soffits and ornamental modillions, but have flat roofs that
intersect the main building below its soffit line. See figures 1524.
The western faade is primary and is dominated by a slightly projecting pedimented, gable-roofed
entry bay, centrally placed on the main (northern) block. The bay has a projecting flat-roofed entry
porch supported with two pairs of wooden Ionic columns and two pairs of flat Ionic pilasters. Wood
letters spelling out Horace Mann Public School are mounted on the porch frieze. The columns rest
on a sandstone base and support a full wooden entablature with dentils and modillions. (A
balustrade with turned columns once crowned the porch, but was removed at some point.) Six
sandstone steps lead up from grade to the porch and return back to the building on the north and
south. The porch provides access to a semi-circular arched portal, with wooden casings, impost and
keystone. Behind the arch is a stair vestibule with no lower landing, with the stairs leading to an
upper landing and a pair of glazed and paneled doors flanked by glazed and paneled sidelights.
Above the porch roof is a tripartite window of one-over-one wood-sash double-hung windows
flanked by a pair of narrow one-over-one wood-sash double-hung windows. The bay pediment has
a central wood-sash fanlight. The central bay is flanked by groups of five ganged windows on both
the first and second floors, and groups of four ganged windows on the basement floor.
The southern portion of the western faade, a projection of the southern wing, has a group of four
ganged windows on the north and a pair of single windows on the south, on both the first and
June, 2012, page 5
second floors, and two pairs of two ganged windows on the basement floor. The northern faade of
the southern wing projection has a single window on both the first and second floors, with a service
stairway leading down to a doorway to the basement.
The southern faade is primary and is dominated by a projecting hip-roofed entry bay, centrally
placed on the southern wing. The entrance bay has a recessed entry framed with a heavy classical flat
entablature resting on square Tuscan pilasters. The entry doors consist of two pairs of glazed and
paneled doors with each pair having an upper semi-circular fanlight. Above the entry entablature is
a large window grouping lighting the south entry stairway and a small upper loft. The window is
composed of a lower tripartite window of double-hung wood-sash four-over-four, six-over-six, four-
over-four windows, surmounted by a wood-paneled spandrel, with an upper smaller Palladian
window group consisting of double-hung wood-sash four-over-four, six-over-six, four-over-four
windows with a central raised fanlight. The large composite window has heavier cornice trim.
Flanking the entry and composite window are single windows on both the first and second floors.
The projecting entrance bay is flanked by groups of five ganged windows on both the first and
second floors, and groups of four ganged windows on the basement floor.
The western faade is composed of the projecting southern wing, and the main block with its two
projecting stairwells. The southern wing has a group of four ganged windows on the south and a
pair of single windows on the north, on both the first and second floors, and two pairs of two
ganged windows on the basement floor. The northern faade of the southern wing projection has a
single window on both the first and second floors, with a single window at the basement level.
The two projecting stairwells each have a recessed entry framed with a heavy classical flat entablature
resting on square Tuscan pilasters. The entry doors consist of two pairs of glazed and paneled doors
with each pair having an upper four-light transom. The southern stairwell has two sandstone steps,
and the northern stairwell has a larger concrete landing with a non-original wheelchair accessible
ramp. Above each recessed entry is a simple tripartite group of windows. The inner facades of both
stairwells are blank.
The main (northern) block has a simple tripartite group of windows flanked on each side by a pair
of windows on both the first and second floors. The basement portion of the faade has a central
service stairway leading down to the basement mechanical area, flanked by a row of three single
windows on each side. The southernmost window is presently filled with louvers, and the
northernmost window is blanked off. The central basement entrance has a non-original hip roof
shed supported on simple timber square columns projecting out from the faade.
The northern faade is blank, as it was designed for a later addition. A brick chimney that was
located east of the gable ridge was removed and the siding was filled in without weaving the siding.
3.2.3 Plan & Interior Features
The building has an offset T shaped plan. The building was originally conceived to have a
barbell or H shaped plan, with a central block and two wings. The building was built with only
the main (north) block and the southern wing.
The main (north block) has an approximately 15-foot wide single-loaded north-south corridor
running along its eastern side with the remodeled offices on the south and a single classroom on the
north, both located on the on the western side of the main floor, with classrooms also located directly
above them on the western side of the second floor. Two stairwells are located at the northern and
southern ends of the corridor projecting out to the east of the corridor that provide vertical access
between the first and second floors and the basement. The main western entrance vestibule intercepts
the corridor at its mid-point. All original classrooms were approximately 24 feet by 32 feet in size,
although some have been modified. The stairwells have mid-level landings, with the lower landing
serving as a vestibule for the eastern entrances. The basement of this section has a centrally located
boiler room with a coal storage room and a custodians office. The girls toilets are located on the
southern side of the boiler room, and the boys toilets are located on the northern side. See figures
2533.
June, 2012, page 6
The southern block has four classrooms, two on the east and two on the west, on the first and second
floors divided by a large circulation space. The original library was located in a small closet adjacent
to the southwestern second-floor classroom. The basement of this section is accessed by the southern
entry stairway and contained the kitchen and lunchroom on the western side and (unknown) located
on the eastern side of the double-loaded corridor. There is a small room accessed by a small stairway
located above the stairway landing between the main and second floors.
The interior finishes of the building are largely original, with Douglas fir floors, fir wainscot on the
corridors and stairways, fir stair newels and turned balusters on the stairways, and plaster upper
walls and ceilings. Most classrooms retain their original trim, cabinetry, and chalkboards. Most of
the original lighting has been replaced, as have the original room radiators.
3.2.4 Documented Building Alterations
Mann school has had several minor alterations since its construction in 1902. Seattle Public Schools
records indicate that after the large earthquake in 1949, the center chimney was rebuilt. The original
cedar roofing was replaced by composition roofing in 1953. Portables were added to the site in
1955, and relocated in 1968. Some seismic improvements were made to the building in 1993. In
2004, DKA Architects oversaw the installation of several upgrades including remodeling rooms for
science and art classes, installation of a new fire alarm system, plumbing upgrades, another roofing
replacement, and exterior renovations including window rebuilding. In 2007, a new science room
was added and additional windows rebuilt.
1

4. SIGNIFICANCE
4.1 Historical Context
4.1.1 Neighborhood Historical Context: Central District
Horace Mann Public School is located in Seattles Central District. The Central District as defined
by the City of Seattle is that area bordered by E Madison Street on the north, 12th Avenue and
Rainier Avenue S on the west, on the south at a point were Rainier Avenue S intersects with S Mount
Baker Boulevard, and on the east by Martin Luther King Jr. Way S until it intersects with S Irving
Street where the boundary shifts eastward to run along the shoreline of Lake Washington to E
Prospect Street where it jogs back to E Madison Street. The Central District is composed of six sub-
neighborhoods, Minor, Mann, and Atlantic on the eastern side of a north-south ridge, and
Harrison/Denny Blaine, Madrona, and Leschi, on the western side of the ridge generally viewing
eastward toward Lake Washington. More specifically, Mann is bordered by E Madison Street on the
north, separated from Minor to the west by 23
rd
Avenue, from Atlantic on the south by E Yesler
Way, and separated from Harrison/Denny Blaine, Madrona, and Leschi by Martin Luther King Jr.
Way S on the east.
2
See figure 1.
The immediate portion of the Central District surrounding Mann is more associated with the Squire
Park neighborhood to the west, than to the residential areas on the eastern slope commanding views
of Lake Washington. The Central District and the Squire Park neighborhood are thus intertwined in
their historical development as lands were logged off and settlement shifted eastward from the
original waterfront and Duwamish Valley settlement areas.
Much of the land in the Central District, including the subject property, was originally a portion of
one of Seattle pioneer Henry Yeslers land claims filed around 1852, specifically what is called
Yeslers Pan Handle. The panhandle stretched eastward from Elliott Bay as a two block wide
corridor with Fir Street on the north and Washington Street on the south until what is now 20
th

1
Aaren Purcell, Seattle Public Schools, e-mail to Larry E. Johnson, May 1, 2012.
2
Seattle City Clerk, Geographic Indexing Atlas, http://clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us/~public/nmaps/html/NN-1280S.htm,
accessed May 23, 2012.
June, 2012, page 7
Avenue E. The claim then formed a large rectangular piece of land in what is now the heart of the
Central Area, bordered by 20
th
Avenue on the east, a half block north of E Marion Street on the
north, 30th Avenue, and to a half block south of Yesler Way on the south.
3

Carson D. Boren originally claimed the area north of Yeslers panhandle in what was to become the
Central District. The first plat in the Central District was a portion of Borens claim filed in 1875
by N. B. Knight and George and Rhoda Edes that encompassed roughly 40 blocks from 10
th

Avenue to 20
th
Avenue, and between E Union Street on the north and E Cherry Street on the
south.
In 1882, African-American pioneer William Grose (1835-1898) acquired a 12-acre tract of land in
the original Boren claim northeast of the Edes Plat, near E Madison Street and between 21
st
and 23
rd

Avenues.
4
Gross and his family moved to the E Madison property in 1891, encouraging other
African-American families to do the same, with their residences and businesses spreading south
along 23
rd
Avenue between Yesler Way and East Roy Street.
5
See figure 36.
A large parcel directly south of the Edes Plat, also in the original Boren claim, was platted in 1890
by Watson Carvasso Squire (1838-1926) and his wife, Ida Remington Squire. Squire was at the
time one of the states most prominent citizens and property owners. Originally from New York,
Squire studied law before distinguishing himself in the Union Army in the Civil War. He later
worked for the Remington Arms Company, marrying Ida Remington, the granddaughter of the
company founder.
6

Most of Yeslers claim east of 20th Avenue was platted between 1890 and 1912. The Walla Walla
Addition, its name derived from a group of investors from Walla Walla, was also platted in 1890.
Its boundaries between north of E Marion Street on the north, east of 23rd Avenue on the east, E
Alder Street on the South, and 20th Avenue on the west.
7

W. L. Barclay created the Barclay Addition in 1907, encompassing the area between the 1904
Rengstorffs Addition on the north, and north of E Marion Street; 25th Avenue E on the east; E
Cherry Street on the south; and the Walla Walla Addition and east of 23rd Avenue E on the west.
The Walla Walla School, the subject building, was built on the southern portion of this plat.
8

The last plat filed in the immediate vicinity of the subject building was Gamma Poncins 1911
Addition directly east of the Barclay Addition and continuing southward, wrapping around the
eastern boundary of the un-platted property that would become the site for Garfield High School.
9

Many of the new plats were laid out in conjunction with streetcar lines, specifically to attract new
property owners. The Yesler Way cable car line to Lake Washington opened in 1888, going to Lake
Washington; within 12 months, builders constructed about 1,569 homes within about three blocks
of the cable car line. By 1890, streetcar lines were running to South Seattle, Madison Park, Fremont,
Phinney Ridge, Green Lake and Ballard. The following year lines were running along Rainier
Avenue past Columbia City, to Broadway, First Hill, and Beach Hill. In 1892, lines were running
to Brooklyn (University District), Ravenna, Madrona Park, and Duwamish (Georgetown). In
1893, a line to Rainier Heights was completed.
10
See figure 37.
At the turn of the century parts of the Central Area were still being farmed, and nurseries were not
uncommon. John Leitha had a greenhouse operation that covered a couple of blocks at 14th Avenue
between Yesler Way and Fir Street, with a market garden taking up several blocks west of the

3
Thomas Veith, History of the Central Area, City of Seattles Historic Preservation Program, 2009,
http://www.cityofseattle.net/neighborhoods/preservation/documents/ContextCentralAreaHistoric.pdf, accessed May
23, 2012, p. 7.
4
Calvin F. Schmid, Social Trends in Seattle, (Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 1944), pp. 137, 140.
5
Schmid, pp. 137, 138, 140.
6
Mimi Sheridan, Landmark Nomination Application, George Washington Carmack House, 2008-2009, pp. 4-5.
7
Veith, p. 29.
8
Veith, p. 30.
9
Veith, p. 30.
10
Sheridan, pp. 4-5.
June, 2012, page 8
greenhouses. William Grose and his son, George, operated a truck farm after their move to East
Madison in the 1890s. Robert A. Clark and his wife Annie operated a farm in the East Madison
district for three years starting in 1895. Frank Anderson established a dairy around that time on
21
st
Avenue, which he operated for a few years.
11

In 1890 the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) purchased nine lots at the southeast corner of Broadway
and East Madison Street three blocks west of Squire Park for use as a Jesuit school.
12
In 1892, the
parish and School of the Immaculate Conception were established, and later that year some classes
were held at their new campus in the former home of the Womans Christian Temperance Union.
13

The Schools first new permanent building, (now Garand Hall, John Parkinson) was consecrated on
December 8, 1894.
14
The School reincorporated as Seattle College in 1898.
15
The College relocated
to Interlaken in 1919 (now Seattle Preparatory School), but returned to First Hill in 1931.
16

As plats were filed and people began building homes, Squire Park and the Central District grew into
a diverse residential area. Squire Park and the larger Central Area developed into a diverse residential
neighborhood, becoming the home to many racial and ethnic minorities over the years, including
African Americans, Japanese, Filipino, and Jewish populations, as well as some Germans,
Scandinavians, and Italians. See figure 38.
The first public school located in the Central Area was T.T. Minor School. As a result of rapid
growth in the new residential areas, two additional schools were opened in 1902, the Walla Walla
School (Saunders & Lawton) at 2410 E Cherry Street, and the 20
st
Street School (William E. Boone
and J.M. Corner, renamed Longfellow, later Edmund S. Meany Middle School, demolished) at 301
21
st
Avenue E. The Colman School (James Stephens, now the African American Museum) at 1515
24
th
Avenue S, opened in 1909. The areas first high school, James A. Garfield (Floyd A.
Naramore) opened in 1923.
17
See figure 39.
The Sisters of Providence purchased a full block in Squire Park in 1906, relocating their operation
in 1910 from their original hospital, which stood on the block between E Spring Street and E
Madison Street, and between 5
th
Avenue E and 6
th
Avenue E. See figure 40.
By 1900, the East Madison area became known as the colored colony.
18
To serve its members, the
African Methodist Episcopal Church was established in 1891 at 1522 14th Avenue, and the Mt.
Zion Baptist Church relocated to 1634 19th Avenue E in 1918.
19
The African-American
population remained relatively small in Seattle, not exceeding 4,000, until the demand for
military/industrial workers during World War II attracted many workers from the East and South,
many of whom were African-Americans.
20
At that time the Central Area was one of the few locations
where African American residents could purchase property and avoid hostility from neighbors. The
Central Area and Squire Park have been particularly associated with the African-American
community from the mid-20
th
century to the present. See figures 41-42.
A substantial Japanese community also developed several blocks to the southwest of Squire Park near
the vicinity of Yesler Way and Rainier Avenue South, becoming known as Japan Town. The Mary
Knoll sisters established Our Lady Queen of Martyrs parish in 1925, and by 1930, a church,
school, and orphanage were built at1600 E Jefferson Street serving both the Japanese and Filipino

11
Veith, p. 40
12
HistoryLink.org, Jesuits purchase future Seattle University campus on November 6, 1890, HistoryLink.org Essay
3264, May 9, 2001, http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=3264, accessed
December 28, 2009, p. 1.
13
Walt Crowley, Seattle University, Founding of HistoryLink.org, Essay 1684, September 22, 1999,
http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?displaypage=output.cfm&file_id=1684, accessed December 28, 2009. p.1
14
Crowley, p.2.
15
Crowley, p.2.
16
Crowley, p.2.
17
Nile Thompson and Carolyn Marr, Building for Learning, (Seattle, WA: Seattle Public Schools, 2001), pp. 101-104,
195-196, 205-207, 213-215, 219-222,
18
Esther Hall Mumford, Seattles Black Victorians 1852-1901, (Seattle, WA: Ananse Press, 1980), pp. 111-113.
19
Schmid, p. 140.
20
Schmid, pp. 137-140.
June, 2012, page 9
Catholic communities.
21
Japanese-Americans also owned many businesses near and along Yesler Way
and located a number of important institutions in this area, including the Japanese Language School
at 1414 S Weller Street and the Seattle Buddhist Church at 1427 S Main Street. See figure 43.
By 1940, members of the Japanese and Japanese American communities were concentrated on both
sides of Yesler between 5
th
Avenue S and 23
rd
Avenue S. The oldest part of the community, which
was also its main business district, was located at the western end of this area.
22

The internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II virtually depopulated the Central
Districts Japanese community. The old Bailey Gatzert School, opened in 1921, lost approximately
45 percent of its student body during this period.
23
Relatively few Japanese returned to the area after
the War and the Our Lady Queen of Martyrs parish was closed in 1953, with the property
becoming the St. Peter Claver Center, an interracial center serving the growing African-American
population in the Central Area.
A strong cluster of Japanese presence remains in one portion of the Central District, an area between
by 14
th
Avenue S to 18
th
Avenue S, and between E Yesler Way on the north and E Jackson Street.
The Seattle Buddhist Church (1940-41, Kichio Allen Arai), the Seattle Koyasan Buddist Temple at
1518 S Washington Street, the Japanese Congregational Church at 305 17
th
Avenue S, the Keiro
Nursing Home at 1601 E Yesler Way, and the Kawabe Memorial House Konko at 221 18
th
Avenue
S, and Wisteria Park, are all clustered in this area.
24

After World War I, Squire Park and the Central Area developed a large Jewish population, and
numerous institutional buildings from this period remain. These include the Congregation Bikur
Cholim (1912-1915, B. Marcus Priteca) at 104 17th Ave S (now Langston Hughes Cultural
Center), the Sephardic Bikur Cholim at 915 East Fir Street (now Tolliver Temple), the Herzel
Congregation at 2101 East Yesler Way (now Odessa Brown Childrens Clinic), Temple de Hirsch
at 1511 East Pike Street, and Seattle Talmud Torah Hebrew School (Now Seattle Islamic School) at
720 25th Avenue E. After World War II, most of the Jewish community moved outside the city
and established new synagogues in Seward Park, Mercer Island, and Bellevue. Of the early Squire
Park and Central Area Jewish institutions, only Temple de Hirsch retains its Jewish heritage.
25
See
figures 44-45.
After World War II, suburban development to the north, south, and east, drew the middle-class
population away from the Central Area, leaving it to the lower middle-class and the elderly.
Redlining, housing blight, and general decay of social and environmental conditions followed.
Seattle Public Schools 1977-78 desegregation plan did not include all district schools, and the
resulting disparities in enrollment created under-utilized schools, often near schools that were
overcrowded. In addition, the lack of standardization of grade level organization in middle schools
was confusing. In 1988, the school board adopted a plan called Controlled Choice that created a
standard K-5, 6-8, 9-12 organization (with some allowances for K-8 programs at certain schools).
The district was divided into eight school clusters. Parents could choose from schools in their
cluster. This plan was modified in 1995, when the school board decided to move to a plan with
open enrollment at the secondary level and modified clusters at the elementary level.
26

In the early 1990s, a renaissance in the Central Area began, created by general economic prosperity,
community efforts, and greater investment in housing and businesses in the area.
27
The Central
Area Development Association, for example, a community-based non-profit corporation dedicated to
preserving the areas unique cultural heritage, has attempted to provide affordable housing and

21
Catholic Northwest History Curriculum, Our Lady Queen of Martyrs Parish, Seattle, Lesson Plan XII.C2-3
Introduction, http://www.seattlearch.org/NR/rdonlyres/A86D2F2B-1A96-490E-BFEE-
E10420C60A97/0/Printerolqmlp.htm, accessed May 24, 2012, p.1.
22
Veith, p. 43.
23
Thompson and Marr, p. 195.
24
Veith, p. 43.
25
Sheridan, p. 5-6.
26
Veith, p. 85.
27
Sheridan, p. 7.
June, 2012, page 10
develop strong business partnerships in the neighborhood.
28

Note: A more detailed history of the Central District in the form of a context statement for the City of
Seattles Historic Preservation Program, Thomas Veiths History of the Central Area, is available online
at:
http://www.cityofseattle.net/neighborhoods/preservation/documents/ContextCentralAreaHistoric.pdf
4.1.2 Building History: Horace Mann Public School
The Walla Walla School was built in 1901, to alleviate overcrowding at T.T. Minor School. Prior to
its construction, 174 children spent a year at a rented storefront within the Walla Walla plat of the
Central District. The Colonial Revival structure was based on district architect James Stephens
model school plan, with the design and construction documentation completed by the Seattle
architectural firm of Saunders & Lawton. The general contracting company of Shannon, White &
Littleton constructed the building.
29
See figures 47-52.
Walla Walla school was renamed Horace Mann Public School in 1921, after the American
educational reformer (1796-1859). The school housed grades 1-8 until 1931, when a kindergarten
was added. In 1938 grades 7 and 8 relocated to Washington School.
30

In April of 1949, the interior chimney was damaged by a major earthquake.
31

Peak enrollment was 596 in 1957-58, but in less than a decade had declined to 252. The school
was closed in 1968, and after which the building was used for various overflow programs and
offices for Garfield High and the Extend Services Program (ESP). In 1975, the Nova High school
moved into the building, and Summit K-12 also occupied the building along with these other
programs between 1977-79. From 1979 to 2009, Nova Alternative High School was the main
occupant of the school.
32

Since March 2010, the building has been leased by the organization Peoples Family Life. They run
a program called Work it Out, which is educational and vocational training for at-risk youth.
4.2 Building Owners
4.2.1 Original Building Developer and Owner: Seattle School District Number 1
The first school in Seattle was taught in 1854, by Catherine P. Blaine at Bachelors Hall, a boarding
house for single men located near the present day First Avenue and Cherry Street. An initial three-
person School Board probably formed around 1861, and in 1862, the first public funds were used
to pay a teacher salary for the 23 children attending school. In 1869, Seattle received a city charter,
and residents approved a tax to fund a schoolhouse building. Once the Central Schoolhouse, a two-
story building with two classrooms, was built in 1870, enrollment jumped to one hundred
students. Shortly thereafter four additional shack schools were built to house the growing
enrollment.
33
See figures 53-56.
In 1882, Edward Ingraham was named the first superintendent of the Seattle School District. In
1883, a new twelve-room Central School opened. By 1893, over six thousand students attended
Seattle Public School, and a major construction program began. Sixteen new schools opened between
1880 and 1890. The first high school commencement was held in 1886 for twelve graduates.
34

Frank B. Cooper was hired as superintendent in 1901. During his 21-year tenure he led the Seattle
School Districts transformation into a major urban school system. James Stephen also became the

28
Veith, p. 88.
29
30
31
32
33
Thompson and Marr, p. x.
34
Thompson and Marr, p. x.
June, 2012, page 11
school architect and director of construction in 1901, developing a model school plan for standard
wood frame elementary schools that was used as a basis for several elementary schools designed for
the district. Cooper and the School Board planned for smaller neighborhood elementary schools and
comprehensive high schools.
35

In 1902, the Seattle School District Number 1 constructed six new schools, the new Central High
School on Broadway (William E. Boone and J.M. Corner, later renamed Broadway High School,
demolished), the Brooklyn School (Bebb & Mendel, later University Heights School), the Interbay
School (James Stephens, demolished), the Ross School (demolished), the Walla Walla School
(Saunders & Lawton), and the 20
th
Street School (William E. Boone and J.M. Corner, renamed
Longfellow, later Edmund S. Meany Middle School, demolished).
36
See figure 57.
By 1910, enrollment was at 24,758 students and more elementary school buildings were needed. A
new elementary school plan by Edgar Blair using brick construction was endorsed. Colman School
was the second of this type of building, opening only 21 days after Adams School. Under
Superintendent Cooper, Seattle Schools initiated programs for students with special needs.
37
See
figure 58.
As the enrollment continued to grow, more elementary and high schools were needed. In 1919, a
bond issue was passed to fund them and Floyd A. Naramore replaced Blaire as school architect and
significantly influenced school design for the next decade.
38
See figures 59-61.
In 1923, a bond issue provided funds for the first intermediate or junior high school for students
in grades 7-9. Between 1923 and 1929, high schools adopted specialized programs for science, art,
physical education, industrial arts and home economics. By 1935, all elementary schools also
included kindergarten, and lunchroom service was being added to all schools. Attendance grew
during the 1920s then dropped significantly during the 1930s. Schools were consolidated and 16
were closed. During World War II, Seattle became a center of aircraft and shipbuilding for the war
effort and school enrollment once again grew, especially in areas where there were no current school
facilities. However, the new buildings were temporary or portable in order to conserve material for
war needs.
39
See figure 62.
After World War II, enrollment swelled to a peak of 100,000 students in the early 1960s. Between
1946 and 1958, six separate bond issues were approved for new school construction. One of the
first priorities during this period was the building of new junior high schools. Between 1945-
1965, ten new junior high schools, seventeen new elementary schools, and four new high schools
were built. During this period, the Seattle School District once again built quality structures and
each school was individually designed. Elementary schools included separate gymnasiums and
auditorium-lunchrooms. Older high schools gained additions of gymnasiums and specialized
classroom space. Despite all of the construction, there were still extensive needs for portable
classrooms for excess enrollment.
40
See figures 63-64.
In 1966, a new type of school was designed based on pedagogical theories of team teaching, open
space and synergy. Five new elementary schools were designed and built with an open concept and
other schools were remodeled with the removal of walls and addition of learning resource centers.
New programs for Head Start, Title 1 remedial, Special Education and Transitional Bilingual were
added. Also during the 1960s, racial desegregation of schools was attempted. By 1977, the School
Board instituted a sweeping plan of desegregation that included bussing for over half of Seattles
schools. By 1980, school enrollment had dropped by half from the 1960s, and the School Board
enacted a school closure plan. Two high schools, seven junior high schools and twenty elementary

35
Thompson and Marr, p. xi.
36
Seattle Sunday Times, August 31, 1902, p.18.
37
38
39
Thompson and Marr, pp. xi-xii.
40
Thompson and Marr, pp. xii-xiii.
June, 2012, page 12
schools were closed by 1984.
41

In 1984, many schools needed upgrading or replacement, and a bond issue passed for 13 new
Elementary Schools, upgrading Ballard High and a new facility for Franklin High. Community
debates about preservation followed this bond issue. The School Board also decided that excess
properties were an asset to the Seattle School District and therefore should not be sold, but rather
leased to community groups. Only three of the decommissioned schools were demolished so that
the underlying property could be leased, and the rest of the buildings either sit empty or are being
revamped for other purposes by long-term leaseholders.
42

For the 2011-2012 school year, there are over 47,000 enrolled students. Although this is less than
half the number of fifty years ago, the number of students is gradually increasing. The district
presently operates 91 schools, of which 54 are elementary schools, 12 are high schools, 10 are K-8
schools, nine are middle schools, and six are alternative schools. The District has over 8,000 staff
including 3,100 teachers, 835 paraprofessional, 660 certified instructional staff, and 150
principals. Seattle Public Schools had a general fund budget of 558.3 million dollars in the 2009-
10 operational year.
43

4.3 Architectural Context:
4.3.1 Historical Architectural Context: Colonial Revival
Horace Mann Public School can be classified stylistically by its symmetrical classical composition
and ornamental detailing as designed in the Colonial Revival style.
In the later part of the nineteenth-century, architects in the United States looked toward establishing
a national style, with some such as H. H. Richardson advocating Romanesque-based forms, while
others championed Colonial Revival styles, and a few felt that all eclecticism and historical styles
should be abandoned in the search for a unique new direction.
44

The Colonial Revival style was enthusiastically embraced by a number of architects after the National
centennial in 1876. Colonial revivals are based on Georgian and Federal styles, as well as more
vernacular styles like Cape Cod, Garrison Salt Box, and Dutch built forms. The Colonial revival
styles often featured symmetric facades with self-contained rectangular plans and are related to the
Classic Revival theme demonstrated in the Beaux Arts architecture of the White City of the Chicago
Worlds Fair of 1893.
45

Colonial Revival styles were very popular in residential architecture from 1895 through the 1950s.
The most common of the Colonial Revival styles for residential buildings was the Cape Cod style,
that often borrowed entry details from the Georgian prototypes, but otherwise were vernacular
buildings. Even when the plans were updated and modernized from their seventeenth and
eighteenth-century models, most Colonial Revival styles have rigid plans with small spaces allocated
for specific functions.Many larger buildings, such as town halls, colleges, and churches, built
beginning in the later part of the 19th-century and lasting through World War II, often used
American Colonial Georgian prototypes as they aspired toward an American idealism. These
buildings themselves were based on the work of English architects, Sir Christopher Wren and James
Gibbs, whose work was known in the American Colonies through books such as Palladio
Londinenis, or the London Art of Building, by William Salmon in 1734.
46
The Wren Building on

41
Thompson and Marr, pp. xiii-xiv.
42
Thompson and Marr, pp. xiv-xvi.
43
Seattle Public Schools, About our District,
http://www.seattleschools.org/modules/cms/pages.phtml?pageid=192400&sessionid=b4971349d1af6502c8dd8f441e
4ab25b&t, p.1.
44
John Burchard and Albert Bush-Brown, The Architecture of America: A Social and Cultural History (Boston, MA: Little,
Brown and Company, 1961), p. 206.
45
John C. Poppeliers and A. Allen Chambers Jr. What Style Is It?: A Guide to American Architecture, Hobeken, NJ:
John Wiley & Sons, 2003, p. 98
46
Burchard and Bush-Brown, The Architecture of America, p. 65.
June, 2012, page 13
the campus of the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, begun in 1695, is one
of the earliest major American Georgian Buildings reflecting this influence. See figure 65.
These Georgian/Colonial Revival buildings often had eighteenth-century details applied to building
types and sizes unknown in the American colonial period, such as railroad stations, public schools,
libraries, hospitals, private clubs, and retirement homes. Presbyterian, Christian Science, and Later-
Day Saints churches also showed marked preference for this style, invoking traditionalist images of
small-town America. Georgian/Colonial Revival featured classical elements and embellishments,
often with Mannerist over-scaling of building elements, including projecting entrances with round
classical columns, Palladian windows, Federal porch roofs, classical corner pilasters, and double-
hung windows with multi-paned upper sashes. Georgian Revival buildings were strictly rectangular
with minor projections and symmetrical faades.
47
The architectural firm of McKim, Mead, and
White were major proponents of the creative reinterpretation of this style in the later part of the
nineteenth-century, while later architects tended toward more literal manifestations, if not outright
replicas. See figure 66.
The Walla Walla School is one of the earliest non-residential Colonial Revival style buildings in
Seattle. Other early local examples of the style include the Mannings Mortuary, now the Richard
Hugo House, built in 1902, and many of the buildings at Fort Lawton constructed between 1899
and 1905. The Colonial Revival style enjoyed a long period of popularity in Seattle as well as the
rest of the country. Other local examples include the Seaview Building at The Kenney retirement
community in West Seattle, modeled after Philadelphias Independence Hall (1908, Graham &
Meyers), the Columbia Branch Library (1914, Somervell & Thomas), The Sunset Club (1914-
15, Joseph S. Cote), and the Womens University Club (1922, Albertson, Wilson & Richardson,
with douard Frre). Predictably, when the local chapter of the Daughters of the American
Revolution built their new headquarters in Seattles Capitol Hill Neighborhood in 1925, they built
a near replica of George Washingtons Mt. Vernon, one of the United States best-known Colonial
Georgian buildings. See Figures 67-70.
4.3.2 Building Architect: Saunders & Lawton
Horace Mann Public School was designed and construction documentation prepared by the Seattle
architectural firm of Saunders & Lawton, a partnership of architects Charles W. Saunders and
George Willis Lawton that lasted between 1898 and 1915. See figures 71-72.
Charles Willard Saunders was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts on October 12, 1857.
48
He
married Mary A. Channing on December 19, 1882.
49
The couple moved to Pasadena, California,
where they practiced architecture in the partnership of Saunders and Saunders.
50

Charles relocated to Seattle after the Great Fire of June 1889, without his wife, and by 1890, was
in partnership with Edwin W. Houghton (1856-1927), an English architect who also was
practicing in Pasadena.
51
Charles Bebb, who would later form the successful firm of Bebb and
Mendel, worked as a draftsman in the office.
52

Saunders & Houghton rapidly secured several large commissions including the Rainier Hotel
(1889, destroyed by fire), The Bailey Building (1889-91, also known as the Broderick Building,
613-621 Second Avenue and 113-117 Cherry Street), and the Washington Territorial Investment
Company Building (1889-90) where Saunders & Lawton moved their offices to when the building

47
Lester Walker, American Shelter (Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 1996), p. 172.
48
Jeffrey Karl Ochsner; Charles W. Saunders, in Shaping Seattle Architecture; Jeffrey Karl Ochsner, ed.; (Seattle, WA:
University of Washington Press, 1994); p. 34.
49
State of Rhode Island, Marriage Certificate, Charles W. Saunders and Mary A. Channing, December 19, 1882.
50
Ochsner, p. 34.
51
Polks Seattle directory Co., Seattle City Directory for 1890, Vol. II, p. 619.
52
Patricia C. Erigero, Seattle Public Schools, Seattle Public Schools and Historic Seattle Preservation and Development
Authority, 1990, p. 12.
June, 2012, page 14
was completed. William E. Bailey commissioned all these projects.
53
See figures 73-74.
Other projects completed by Saunders & Lawton included the Fire Department Headquarters
(1889-90, demolished), Engine house No. 2 (1889-90), the Terry-Denny Building (1889-91,
109-115 First Avenue S), the Maude Building (1889-91, 309-311 First Avenue S), the Heritage
Building (1899, 111 S Jackson Street), and the Olympic Block 1889-91, demolished).
54
See figure
75.
The firm also secured the commission in 1889, to design a group of four eight-room schools for
Seattles School District. The completed schools were named Mercer School (1890, demolished
1948), T.T. Minor School (1890, demolished 1940), the Pontius Street School (1891; later
Columbia, later Lowell; demolished 1959), and the Rainier School (1890, demolished 1958). All
were large two-and-one-half-story wood-frame buildings with each floor having four rooms. The
schools had nearly identical floor plans, but each was designed to have a separate stylistic identity in
various eclectic revival styles, with Mercer styled in Italian Renaissance, Minor as Colonial Revival,
Pontius as Tudor, and Rainier as Romanesque Renaissance.
55
See figures 76-79.
Saunders returned to the East Coast in 1891, and set up an independent practice upon his return to
Seattle in 1892. The financial panic of 1893 generally slowed construction activity nationally,
although one major commercial project designed by Saunders during this period was the Seattle
Theater and Rainier Club (1892-93, demolished), two adjacent stripped down Romanesque stone
buildings on a downtown sloping site. See figure 80.
In 1894, the University or Washington commissioned Saunders to design their first building on
their new Montlake campus. The Main Building (1894-95; Administration Building, now Denny
Hall; altered) was designed in a flamboyant French Renaissance chteaux-like style. Stone remaining
from the construction of the Main Building was used to construct the second permanent building
on campus, the Observatory (1894-95), also designed by Saunders. Saunders and Lawton also
designed the Universitys first Gymnasium/Amory (1894-95, demolished) and the Bell Tower
(1904, destroyed 1949). See figures 81-82.
In 1898, Saunders draftsman since 1893, George Willis Lawton (1864-1928) formed the
partnership of Saunders & Lawton. The firm would last until 1915. Major projects completed by
the firm include the Lincoln Apartments (1899-00, demolished), the Bon March Department
Store (1900, 1901-02; demolished), and the Lumber Exchange Building (1902-03, demolished).
The firm also designed the University of Washingtons Water and Chimes Tower (1904, destroyed
1949), the Seattle Buddhist Church (1906-08, demolished), as well as utility warehouses, mills,
apartments, and several private residences. The firms worked reflected the design ideology of the
period, with a variety of architectural styles usually based upon European or American Colonial
models eclectically assembled to house contemporary programs. See figures 83-86.
The firm was commissioned in 1901, to design two elementary schools for the Seattle School
District that used James Stephens model plan. The Walla Wall School (1901-02), named after
the sub-neighborhood adjacent to the school, and Beacon Hill School. Both buildings were
designed to have a central main entrance and two wings creating an H plan. The Beacon Hill
School was completed in Phases with the central section and southern wing completed first, and the
northern wing added later. Walla Walla remained incomplete, never receiving its northern wing.
Both schools had exteriors designed in a vaguely Colonial revival style, and shared common exterior
details including window design, foundation water table, and soffits. The Walla Walla School was
built with an elaborate classically inspired main entrance portico with grand Ionic columns, while
the Beacon Hill School had a simpler only slightly protruding entry with a pair of Tuscan pilasters
framing a Romanesque arch entry portal. Beacon Hill also has simpler interior detailing with only
the southern stairway having wooden balusters and newels. See figures 87-88f.

53
Jeffrey Karl Ochsner and Dennis Alan Anderson, Distant Corner, Seattle Architects and the Legacy of H.H.
Richardson, (Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 2003), pp. 166-175.
54
Ochsner, p. 35. Polks, 1890, pp. 35-36.
55
Erigero, pp. 4-5.
June, 2012, page 15
In 1903, the firm collaborated with the St. Louis architectural firm of Eames & Young on Seattles
first true steel-framed skyscraper, the Alaska Building (1903-04). See figure 89.
Two interesting apartments the firm designed, both in flamboyant eclectic Spanish/Mission Revival
style are the San Marco Apartments (1905, 1205 Spring Street), and the LAmourita Apartments
(1909, 2901-2917 Franklin Avenue E, City of Seattle Landmark). See figures 90-91.
The firm prepared designs for three buildings built for the Alaskan-Yukon-Pacific Exposition,
including the Forestry Building (1908-09, demolished in 1930), the Washington Womens
Building (1908-1909, relocated and now Imogene Cunningham Hall), and the Washington State
Dairy Building (1908-09, demolished 1961). Of particular interest was the design of the Forestry
Building, which was constructed along Classical lines, but with unpeeled logs. The 124 perimeter
and colonnade columns were made from 54-inch diameter 37-feet tall logs.
56
See figures 92-93.
In 1909, the firm also completed designs for the Alhambra Theatre (1909, 5
th
Avenue & Pine
Street, majorly altered) in downtown Seattle. See figure 94.
In 1910, the firm completed plans for the Washington State Penitentiary at Monroe (1910, 16700
177
th
Avenue SE, Monroe, altered).
Some notable later commercial and warehouse projects completed by the firm include the Dunn Tin
Storage Warehouse (1902, 2801 Elliott Avenue, now the old Spaghetti Factory), the McKesson and
Roberts Warehouse (1906, 419 Occidental Avenue S now FX McRorys), the Westland Building
(1907, 100 S King Street) and the Polson Building (1910, 200 block of First Avenue S).
The last major project the firm designed before its dissolution in 1915 was the Masonic Temple
(1912-1916, now the Egyptian Theater) located on Capitol Hill, after which Saunders again
practiced alone on a reduced scale as his attention became focused on politics. Earlier, Saunders had
served on the Seattle Board of Park Commissioners between 1903 and 1905, and was involved with
conservation efforts including forest fire prevention and reforestation around 1905. He was elected
to the Washington State Congress, serving as the 45
th
District representative between 1923 and
1932.
Saunders was a founding member of the Washington State Chapter of the American Institute of
Architects and served as its first Secretary.
Saunders retired from architectural practice in 1929, and died on March 13, 1935.
4.3.3 Building Contractor: D. Dow & Co.
Horace Mann Public School was constructed by the Seattle based general contractor D. Dow &
Company.
57

56
Albert J. Stein, Paula Becker, etal; Washingtons First Worlds Fair, Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition, A Timeline in
History; (Seattle, WA: History Ink, 2009), pp. 147, 149, and 158-159.
57
The Seattle Daily Times, Keeps Board on the Jump: What is Being Done in Way of New Schools, May 28, 1902,
p.5
June, 2012, page 16
5. Bibliography

Advisory Council on Historic Preservation; Appendix 1, Memorandum of Agreement; October
1978.
Burchard, John and Albert Bush-Brown. The Architecture of America: A Social and Cultural History.
Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company, 1961.
Crowley, Walt. Seattle University, Founding of HistoryLink.org, Essay 1684. History Link,
September 22, 1999.
http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?displaypage=output.cfm&file_id=1684 (accessed
December 28, 2009).
Erigero, Patricia C. Seattle Public Schools Historic Building Survey. Seattle Public Schools and Historic
Seattle Preservation and Development Authority, 1990.
HistoryLink.org Jesuits purchase future Seattle University campus on November 6, 1890,
HistoryLink.org Essay 3264. May 9, 2001.
http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=3264 (accessed
December 28, 2009).
Mumford, Esther Hall. Seattles Black Victorians 1852-1901. Seattle, WA: Ananse Press, 1980.
Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl. Charles W. Saunders, in Shaping Seattle Architecture. Jeffrey Karl Ochsner,
ed. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 1994.
Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl and Dennis Alan Anderson. Distant Corner, Seattle Architects and the Legacy of
H.H. Richardson. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 2003.
Our Lady Queen of Martyrs Parish. Catholic Northwest History Curriculum. Seattle, Lesson Plan
XII.C2-3 Introduction, http://www.seattlearch.org/NR/rdonlyres/A86D2F2B-1A96-490E-
BFEE-E10420C60A97/0/Printerolqmlp.htm (accessed May 24, 2012).
Polks Seattle directory Co. Seattle City Directory for 1890, Vol. II.
Poppeliers, John C. and A. Allen Chambers Jr. What Style Is It?: A Guide to American Architecture.
Hobeken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
Seattle City Clerk. Geographic Indexing Atlas.
http://clerk.ci.seattle.wa.us/~public/nmaps/html/NN-1280S.htm (accessed May 23, 2012).
Seattle Public Schools. About our District,
http://www.seattleschools.org/modules/cms/pages.phtml?pageid=192400&sessionid=b49713
49d1af6502c8dd8f441e4ab25b&t (accessed May_, 2012).
The Seattle Daily Times. Keeps Board on the Jump: What is Being Done in Way of New Schools.
May 28, 1902.
Seattle Sunday Times. August 31, 1902, p.18
Schmid, Calvin F. Social Trends in Seattle. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 1944.
Sheridan, Mimi. Landmark Nomination Application, George Washington Carmack House. City
of Seattle Department of Neighborhoods, 2008-2009.
State of Rhode Island. Marriage Certificate, Charles W. Saunders and Mary A. Channing.
December 19, 1882.
Stein, Albert J., Paula Becker, etal. Washingtons First Worlds Fair, Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition,
A Timeline in History. Seattle, WA: History Ink, 2009.
June, 2012, page 17
Thompson, Nile and Carolyn Marr. Building for Learning. Seattle, WA: Seattle Public Schools,
2001.
Veith, Thomas. History of the Central Area. City of Seattles Historic Preservation Program,
2009. http://www.cityofseattle.net/neighborhoods/preservation/documents/ContextCentralAreaHistoric.
pdf (accessed May 23, 2012).
Walker, Lester. American Shelter. (Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 1996)
June, 2012, page 18

APPENDIX 1
FIGURES

Walla Walla/Horace Mann
June 2012
A-1
Figure 1 Location
Figure 1 Location
CENTRAL
DISTRICT
ATLANTC
MNOR
MANN
LESCH
MADRONA
HARRSON/
DENNY
BLANE
SUBJECT
SITE
June 2012
A-2
x
PROJECT
SITE
A
B
C
D
F
view reference in this document
E
Figure 2 Aerial View
June 2012
A-3
Figure 3 Site Plan
0 50' 100' 200'
SUBJECT
SITE
MANN
SCHOOL
CHERRY STREET
COLUMBIA STREET
PORTABLE
CLASSROOMS
PORTABLE
CLASSROOMS
GREEN-
HOUSE
2
4
T
H

A
V
E
N
U
E
2
5
T
H

A
V
E
N
U
E
graphic scale
lawn
paved
play area
N
June 2012
A-4
Figure 4 View A Viewing east down Cherry St. from
the intersection of 23rd Ave.
Figure 7 View DViewing northwest from Cherry St.
and 25th Ave.
Figure 6 View CViewing northeast from 23rd Ave.
near Garfeld HS and Medgar Evers Pool.
Figure 5 View BViewing west down Cherry St. from
the intersection of 26th Ave.
The Johnson Partnership, 4/17/2012 The Johnson Partnership, 4/17/2012
subject site
subject site
Figure 9 View FViewing southwest from 24th Ave
and Columbia St.
Figure 8 View EViewing southwest from 25th Ave. and
Columbia St.
subject site
June 2012
A-5
Figure 10 Horace Mann School site, northeastern
portable, western facade.
The Johnson Partnership, 4/17/2012
Figure 11 Horace Mann School site, northeastern
portable, eastern facade.
Figure 12 Horace Mann School site, northwestern
portable, eastern facade.
Figure 13 Horace Mann School site, northwestern
portable, western facade.
Figure 14 Horace Mann School site, greenhouse,
western and southern facades.
June 2012
A-6
Figure 15 Horace Mann School Site, viewing northeast from 24th Ave. and Cherry St.
Figure 16 Horace Mann School, western faade
June 2012
A-7
Figure 17 Horace Mann School, western faade, northern block, main entrance.
Figure 18 Horace Mann School, detail of cornice. Figure 19 Horace Mann School, western faade,
northern block, main entrance, detail of cornice and
column capital.
June 2012
A-8
Figure 20 Horace Mann School, southern faade
Figure 21 Horace Mann School, eastern faade, northern block
June 2012
A-9
Figure 22 Horace Mann School, eastern faade, southern block
Figure 23 Horace Mann School, eastern and northern faades.
June 2012
A-10
Figure 24 Horace Mann School, northern faade
Figure 25 Horace Mann School, interior at main entry.
June 2012
A-11
Figure 26 Horace Mann School, interior viewing south at southern stair and entry
Figure 27 Horace Mann School, interior at upper foor hallway
June 2012
A-12
Figure 28 Horace Mann School, interior detail at stair
Figure 29 Horace Mann School, interior at upper foor hallway
June 2012
A-13
Figure 30 Horace Mann School, interior at classroom
June 2012
A-14
June 2012
A-15
300 3rd Ave. W.
Sanborn Map Company
Figure 34 Sanborn nsurance Maps, 1904-1905, vol. 2 1905 sheets 164, 165, 180, 181.
SUBJECT
SITE
June 2012
A-16
Figure 35 Sanborn nsurance Maps, 1905-1950, vol. 2 sheets 164, 165, 180, 181.
Sanborn Map Company
SUBJECT
SITE
June 2012
A-17
Black Heritage Society of Washington State UW Digital Collections, SEA0540
UW Digital Collections FER0007
Figure 39 T.T. Minor School exterior, Central
neighborhood, 1934.
Figure 36 The William Grose House. Figure 37 Madison Street Cable Railway Co., ca. 1889
Figure 40 Providence Hospital, Seattle, 1911. (The
Central School is visible in the background)
MOHA 1983.10.6842
5/31/12 10:40 AM CONTENTdm Collection : Item Viewer
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Speci al Col l ecti ons : A-Z Li st : Subject Li st : Advanced
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Museum of History and Industry Images
(part of King County Snapshots)
Search this collection go
add to favorites : reference url back to results : previous : next

100.0%
Providence Hospital, Seattle, 1911
Title Providence Hospital, Seattle, 1911
Photographer Webster & Stevens
Date 1911
Caption Three Sisters of Providence arrived in Seattle from Vancouver, Washington in May 1877 to manage the
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Seattle Photographs

100.0%
Madison Street Cable Railway Co., ca. 1889
Title Madison Street Cable Railway Co., ca. 1889
Date ca. 1889
Notes Operated from Western Ave. to Lake Washington along Madison St.
Caption on image: W&S 332x. First thru car on Madison St. cable
Subjects (LCTGM) Cable railroads--Washington (State)--Seattle
Madison Street Cable Railway Company--Equipment & supplies--Washington (State)--Seattle
Madison Street Cable Railway Company--People--Washington (State)--Seattle
Subjects (LCSH) Cable cars (Streetcars)--Washington (State)--Seattle
Location Depicted United States--Washington (State)--Seattle
Digital Collection Seattle Photograph Collection
Order Number SEA0540
Ordering Information To order a reproduction, inquire about permissions, or for information about prices see:
http://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/services/reproduction-info
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Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
Photographs

100.0%
T.T. Minor School exterior after it was painted, Central neighborhood, Seattle, August 14, 1934
Title T.T. Minor School exterior after it was painted, Central neighborhood, Seattle, August 14, 1934
Photographer Unknown
Date 1934
Notes Caption on image: State of Wash. W.E.R.A., Dist. #2; 17-B4-47; August 14 1934 Neg. No 438; Minor
UW Digital Collections SEA3079
Figure 38 Residential Area of Seattle looking west,
1899-1900.
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Seattle Photographs

100.0%
Residential area of Seattle looking west, 1899-1900
Title Residential area of Seattle looking west, 1899-1900
Photographer Soule, John P.
Date 1899-1900
Notes PH Coll 867.42
Historical Notes John P. Soule worked as a photographer in Boston from around 1859 until 1882 when he travelled west
photographing in Colorado and Utah along the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad and in Salt Lake City. In
1888, he moved to Seattle where he continued to work as a photographer.
Subjects (LCTGM) Residential streets--Washington (State)--Seattle
Utility poles--Washington (State)--Seattle
Dwellings--Washington (State)--Seattle
Subjects (LCSH) Central District (Seattle, Wash.)
Neighborhoods--Washington (State)--Seattle
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Black Heritage Society Images

100.0%
William Grose home, Seattle, ca. 1975
Title William Grose home, Seattle, ca. 1975
Date ca. 1975
Caption Born in 1834 in Washington DC, William B. Grose joined the Navy when he was 17. He was discharged in
San Francisco and then worked as a gold miner in that area until racist attitudes there made him decide to
leave. He then mined in Canada for a while before settling in Seattle, where he owned and operated the
Our House restaurant and hotel in Pioneer Square. He and his wife Sarah were married by 1879 and lived
in what is now downtown Seattle. In about 1882 he acquired 12 acres of land in what is now the Central
District and built a house, located at 1735 24th Avenue. Grose died on July 26, 1898.
Figure 41 African Methodist Episcopal Church.
unknown
June 2012
A-18
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Civil Works Administration Photographs

100.0%
Street railroad workers laying concrete slabs at 21st Ave. and Jackson St., Central District of Seattle, February 14, 1934
Title Street railroad workers laying concrete slabs at 21st Ave. and Jackson St., Central District of Seattle,
February 14, 1934
Date 1934
Notes Caption on image: State of Wash., E.R.A. - K.C.D., Project # 552-B, Feb. 14, 1934, Neg. # 189; Laying
concrete slabs, 21st and Jackson; K.N.;;Filed in: 267/2/25.
Subjects (LCTGM) Railroad construction & maintenance--Washington (State)--Seattle
Railroad construction workers--Washington (State)--Seattle
Figure 46 Street Railroad workers laying concrete slabs
at 21st Ave and Jackson St., 1934
UW Digital Collections CWA0026
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Calvin F. Todd Photographs

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Buddhist Temple exterior, Central Neighborhood, Seattle, October 1, 1951.
Title Buddhist Temple exterior, Central Neighborhood, Seattle, October 1, 1951.
Photographer Todd, Calvin F.
Date 1951
Notes Also known as Seattle Betsuin Buddhist Temple, and as Seattle Buddhist Church. Located at 1427 S. Main
Figure 43 Buddhist Temple exterior, Central
Neighborhood, Seattle, 1951.
UW Digital Collections CFT0222
Figure 45 Dedication ceremony of the Seattle Talmud
Torah (Seattle Hebrew Academy), 25th Ave. and E.
Columbia St., Seattle,1930
UW Digital Collections JEW0224
Figure 44 Bikur Cholim Snagogue 17th Ave. and Yesler
Way. (demolished, Marcus B. Priteca)
UW Digital Collections SEA1071
Figure 42 Mt. Zion Baptist Church, 1934.
Black Heritage Society 2001.14.2.31B
Figure 47 Horace Mann School, aerial view, 1966
SPS 085-79
June 2012
A-19
Figure 48 Horace Mann School viewed from 24th Ave. showing portables ca. 1940
SPS 085-82
P-25631
Figure 49 Horace Mann School and students Figure 50 Graduating class portrait, June 1934, in front
of Horace Mann School.
SPS 085-18
SPS 085-83
Figure 51 Horace Mann School showing portables Figure 52 Horace Mann Grammar School Baseball
Team, 1910
SPS 085-78
June 2012
A-20
.

Seattle Photographs Search this collection go

100.0%
Seattle High School graduating class, June 4th, 1886.
Title Seattle High School graduating class, June 4th, 1886.
Date 1886
Notes Caption on image: Graduating class of Seattle High School, June 4th, 1886.
Subjects (LCTGM) Group portraits
Subjects (LCSH) Seattle High School (Seattle, Wash.)
High school graduates--Washington (State)--Seattle
Please cite the Order Number when ordering.
Repository University of Washington Libraries. Special Collections Division.

Seattle Photographs

100.0%
Central School, Madison St. between 6th Ave. and 7th Ave., ca. 1885
Title Central School, Madison St. between 6th Ave. and 7th Ave., ca. 1885
Date ca. 1885
Notes On verso of image: Central School, 7th Ave. and Madison Street. 1883-1888. Destroyed by fire.
Subjects (LCTGM) Clock towers--Washington (State)--Seattle
Architectural decorations & ornaments--Washington (State)--Seattle
Subjects (LCSH) Central School (Seattle, Wash.)
School buildings--Washington (State)--Seattle
Madison Street (Seattle, Wash.)
Negative Number UW5041
Repository Collection Seattle Collection
Object Type Photograph
Digital Reproduction
Information
Scanned from a photographic print using a Microtek Scanmaker 9600XL at 100 dpi in JPEG format at compression rate 3
and resized to 768x512 ppi. 2000.

Seattle Photographs

100.0%
Old schoolhouse, n.d.
Title Old schoolhouse, n.d.
Date n.d.
Notes On verso of image: Seattle - Old Sixth Street School, moved to south side, Marion St and east of Seventh Ave.
Subjects (LCTGM) Schools--Washington (State)--Seattle
Dwellings--Washington (State)--Seattle
Moving of structures--Washington (State)--Seattle
Subjects (LCSH) Sixth Street School (Seattle, Wash.)

Asahel Curtis Photo Company Photographs Search this collection go

100.0%
Adams School, Seattle.
Title Adams School, Seattle.
Photographer Curtis, Asahel, 1874-1941
Date 1911
Notes N.W. 61st Ave. between 26th Ave. N.W. and 28th Ave. N.W.
Subjects (LCSH) Adams School (Seattle, Wash.)
Digital Collection Asahel Curtis Collection
Order Number CUR811
Ordering Information To order a reproduction or inquire about permissions contact: photos@u.washington.edu. Please cite the Order Number.

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100.0%
University Heights School, Seattle, ca. 1910
Title University Heights School, Seattle, ca. 1910
Date ca. 1910
Notes Handwritten on sleeve: Univ. Heights School.
Subjects Schools--Washington (State)--Seattle
Places United States--Washington (State)--Seattle
University District (Seattle, Wash.)
Digital Collection Museum of History & Industry Photograph Collection
Image Number 1983.10.8011
Figure 53 Central School, Seattle (1877-1883)
Figure 55 6th street School, Seattle, also named
Central School, 1885 (1883-1888, destroyed by fre)
Figure 54 Queen Anne Schoolhouse, Seattle 1890
SPSA 095-1
University of Washington Special Collections, SEA1370
Figure 56 Seattle High School graduating class, June
4th, 1886
MOHA, 1983.10.8011
Figure 57 Brooklyn School, Seattle (later University
Heights), Seattle (1902 Bebb & Mendel)
Figure 58 Adams School, Seattle, 1911, Asahel Curtis
(James Stephen, 1909)
University of Washington Special Collections, CUR811

Seattle Photographs

100.0%
Schoolhouse and children on Queen Anne, n.d.
Title Schoolhouse and children on Queen Anne, n.d.
Date n.d.
School children--Washington (State)--Seattle
Teachers--Washington (State)--Seattle
Group portraits
Subjects (LCSH) Queen Anne (Seattle, Wash.)
Negative Number UW5050
Repository Collection Seattle Collection
Object Type Photograph
Information
Scanned from a photographic print using a Microtek Scanmaker 9600XL at 100 dpi in JPEG format at compression rate 3
and resized to 768x512 ppi. 2000.
June 2012
A-21
Figure 64 Sealth High School, Seattle (1950, Floyd A.
Naramore)
Figure 60 Garfeld High School, Seattle (1923, Floyd A.
Naramore)

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100.0%
James Monroe Junior High School, Seattle, March 22, 1940
Title James Monroe Junior High School, Seattle, March 22, 1940
Date 1940
Caption James Monroe Junior High School opened in February 1931. Its three-story rectangle design enclosed a
single-story lunchroom/assembly room center. Students in the middle grades from Ballard, West Woodland
and Crown Hill neighborhoods attended Monroe. The junior high closed in 1981, but the building has been
used since 1987 for other schools and today houses the K-8th grade Salmon Bay School.
Notes Handwritten on sleeve: James Monroe Jr. High Front & Rear 3-22-40.
Figure 61 James Monroe Junior High, Seattle (1929,
Floyd A. Naramore)
Figure 63 Genessee Hill Elementary, Seattle (1949,
George W. Stoddard)
Figure 59 Greenwood School, Seattle (1909 James
Stephen, addition 1921 Floyd A. Naramore)
SPSA 227-4
SPSA 014-8
MOHA 1983.10.13374.1
SPSA 018-6
Figure 62 Rainier Vista School, Seattle (1943, J. Lister
Holmes)
UW Digital Collections, DMA0199
MOHA 1983.10.2850
June 2012
A-22
Ellington
Upvote 0
Votes
A House Of Writers
Founded by a UW faculty member, the Richard Hugo House fosters a literary
community
The Richard Hugo House occupies an early 20th-century Victorian house across from Cal Anderson Park in
Capitol Hill. Photo by Lucas Anderson.
Lily Katz
As of Wednesday, December 14, 2011
Figure 65 Wren Building at College of William and
Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia (1695, Sir Christopher
Wren)
livinginwilliamsburgvirginia.blogspot.com/ ebay collection of fshtamp
Figure 66 Salem School, Naugatuck, Conn. (1884
McKim, Mead and White)
Figure 67 Richard Hugo House, Seattle (1902)
Lucas Anderson
File:Fort Lawton 10.jpg
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Size of this preview: 800 600 pixels.
Full resolution (2,592 1,944 pixels, file size: 688 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons (//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) . Information
from its description page there (//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fort_Lawton_10.jpg) is shown
below.
Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. You can help (//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Welcome) .
This is a photo of the National Register of Historic Places listing with reference number 78002752
Summary
Description Disused Post Exchange and Gymnasium building (building number 733) at Fort Lawton, Seattle,
Washington. Fort Lawton is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Date 20 September 2007
Source Photo by Joe Mabel
Joe Mable
Figure 69 Gymnasium at Fort Lawton, Seattle (1905)
File:Fort Lawton - Navy housing 01.jpg
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Size of this preview: 800 600 pixels.
Full resolution (2,592 1,944 pixels, file size: 788 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons (//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) . Information
from its description page there (//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fort_Lawton_-
_Navy_housing_01.jpg) is shown below.
Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. You can help (//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Welcome) .
This is a photo of the National Register of Historic Places listing with reference number 78002752
Summary
Description Housing, Fort Lawton, Seattle, Washington. This housing in the "600 area" (13 units are on a 5.5 acre
parcel in a historic district with views of Puget Sound ) is still in use as Naval officers' housing as of
2007, but will soon be converted to non-military use. [1]
(http://www.cityofseattle.net/neighborhoods/fortlawton/ft_lawton_properties/faq.htm) Fort Lawton is
on the National Register of Historic Places.
Joe Mable
Figure 68 Housing at Fort Lawton, Seattle (1899)
Figure 70 Kenney Home for the Aged, Fauntleroy Ave
SW and SW Myrtle St, Seattle, 1908
UW Special Collections, Asahel Curtis Collection CUR1701
June 2012
A-23
ancestry.com
Figure 72 George Lawton
UW Special Collections UW14576
Figure 71 Charles W. Saunders, ca. 1902
Figure 73 Rainier Hotel, between 5th Ave. and 6th Ave.,
Marion St. and Columbia St., Seattle, Washington, ca.
1893. (Saunders & Lawton)
UW Digital Collection HES318
Figure 74 Broderick Building,(also known as the Bailey
Building) 619 2nd Ave., ca. 1915 (Saunders & Lawton)
UW Digital Collection SEA3067
Figure 75 Olympic Block, southeast corner of 1st. Ave.
S. and Yesler Way, Seattle, 1907 (Saunders & Lawton)
UW Digital Collection CUR229 UW Digital Collection WAR0307
Figure 76 Mercer School, N. Valley St. between 4th
Ave. N. and Nob Hill Ave. N., Seattle
June 2012
A-24
UW Digital Collection WAR0349
Figure 77 T.T. Minor School, 17th Ave. between E. Pike
St. and E. Union St., Seattle (demolished)
UW Digital Collection WAR0327
Figure 79 Rainier School, 23rd Ave. between S. King
St. and S. Lane St., Seattle (demolished)
Rainier Valley Historical Society 93.001.175
Figure 78 Columbia School, Seattle (demolished)
Figure 80 Seattle Theater and Rainier Club, Seattle
(demolished)
unknown
Figure 81 Denny Hall, University of Washington,
Seattle
UW Digital Collection UW21942z MOHA 1983.10.9593
Figure 82 Observatory and Chimes Tower, University of
Washington, Seattle, ca. 1913 (1895 and 1904 Saunders
& Lawton, Chime Tower demolished)
June 2012
A-25
Figure 87 Walla Walla School (Horace Mann), Seattle
unknown
UW Digital Collection UWC0115
Figure 83 Gymnasium and Armory, University of
Washington, Seattle, 1906 (demolished)
MOHA 1983.10.6943.2
Figure 84 nterior of the Lincoln Hotel, Seattle, ca. 1905
(demolished)
MOHA 1983.10.8099
Figure 85 Original Bon Marche Building Seattle, 1911
(demolished)
MOHA 1983.10.6676
Figure 86 Lumber Exchange Building Seattle, ca. 1911
(demolished)

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Rainier Valley Historical Society Images

100.0%
Beacon Hill School, Seattle, ca. 1960
Title Beacon Hill School, Seattle, ca. 1960
Date ca. 1960
Caption The first Beacon Hill School, built in 1899, was a two-room wooden building. A larger wooden building
(pictured here) was built in 1904, and the current brick building opened in 1971. El Centro de la Raza now
occupies the building in the image.
Notes Handwritten on verso: Beacon Hill.
Subjects Schools--Washington (State)--Seattle
Places United States--Washington (State)--Seattle
Beacon Hill (Seattle, Wash.)
Digital Collection Rainier Valley Historical Society Photograph Collection
Accession Number 93.001.448
Ordering Information To order a copy of this photograph, please email Rvhsoffice@aol.com and mention the Accession Number.
Repository Rainier Valley Historical Society, Seattle
Repository Collection Hall-Summers Collection
Physical Description 1 photographic print: b&w; 2 3/4 x 5 in.
Type Image
Information
Scanned as a 3000 pixel TIFF image in 8-bit grayscale, resized to 640 pixels in the longest dimension and
compressed into JPEG format using Photoshop 6.0 and its JPEG quality measurement 3.
Rainier Valley Historical Society
Figure 88 Beacon Hill School, Seattle, ca. 1960
(Saunders & Lawton, 1904; Edgar Blair, 1912 addition;
Floyd Naramore, 1931 addition)
June 2012
A-26
The Johnson Partnership, June 2012 The Johnson Partnership, June 2012
Figure 88a Beacon Hill School, Seattle, western facade
Figure 88b Beacon Hill School, Seattle, detail of entry
at western facade
Figure 88c Beacon Hill School, Seattle, southern
facade
Figure 88d Beacon Hill School, Seattle, typical
classroom
Figure 88e Beacon Hill School, Seattle, detail at south
stair
Figure 88f Beacon Hill School, Seattle, detail at north
stair
June 2012
A-27
unknown
Figure 90 L'Amourita, Seattle
Seattle Times
Figure 91 The San Marco, Seattle
UW Digital Collection UWC0110
Figure 92 University of Washington Forestry Building,
Seattle (demolished)
UW Digital Collection AYP181
Figure 93 University of Washington Women's Building,
Seattle, Alaska Yukon Pacifc Exhibition, 1909 (now
mmogene Cunningham Hall)
MOHA 1983.10.8251
Figure 94 Alhambra Theatre, Seattle, ca. 1909 (major
alteration)
UW Digital Collection SEA0726
Figure 89 Alaska Building 2nd Ave. at the southeast
corner of Cherry St., ca. 1906

LPBCurrentNom HoraceMannSchool

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2410 E. Cherry, Seattle, WA

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