NQ.If1e: .......

.............. t .............

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,."

Roll. No. : .......................................... ,......................... .

Invtgilators Signature : ..............................................

CS/MCA/SEM-5/MCA-E-501B/2009-10

2009 IMAGE PROCESSING

TIme Allotted: 3 Hours

Full Marks : 70

Theftgwes tn the margtn tndtcatefull marks.

Cand1dates are required to give their answers in thetr own words as far as practicable.
GROUP -A

( Multiple Choice Type Que.tiona ) 1. Choose the correct alternatives for the following ; 10 x 1
1) A

= 10

digital Image Is composed of a finite number of

elements. each of which has a particular location and value. These elements are called
a)
c)

dot

b)

pixel none of these.

polot

d)

11)

The total amount of energy that flows from the llght source and it Is usually measured in watts ( W) is called
a)

Radlance
Reflectance

b)

Luminance

c)
55035

d)

none of these. {Tum over

CS/MCA/SEM-5/MCA-E-501B/2009-10

WJ

Dlgttlz1ng the coordinate values of an image Is called

a)
c)

Quantization Segmentatton

b)
d)

Sampling Compression.

tv). The ratio of the vertical pOints to horizonatal points

necessary to produce equal-length ltnes in both directions on the screen Is called

a)

Resolution Aspects ratio

b) d)

Quantization none of these.

c) v)

An image of 1024 x 1024 pixels. in which the gray

scale Is ( O. 255 J. How much storage space Is required

If the Image Is not compressed ?
a)

1024 x 1024 x 256 bits 1024 x 1024 x 255 bits 1024 x 1024 x 8 bits none of these.

b) c) d) vi)

Which connecttvity arise multiple path connection?

a)

4-connecttvity m-connecttvity 2

b)

8-connectivity none of these.

c) 55035

d)

CS/MCA/SEM-5/MCA-E-50 IB/2009-10

vt1) The eye does not respond with equal sensitivity to all

visual information. which information has less importance than other information in normal visual processing Is called
a)

Inter-pixel redundancy Cocllng redundancy Psychovtsual redundancy none of these.

b) c) d)

v1t1) In which image. histogram covers broad range of the

gray scale?
a)

Dark image
Low contrast image

b) d)

Bright image
High contrast image.

c)
ix)

Replaces the value of a pixel by the median of the gray levels in the neighborhood of that pixel is called
a)

Mean filter Max filter

b)

Median filter
Min filter.

c)

d)

xl

Which filter is used to reduce pepper noise ?

a)

Max filter
Min filter

b)

c)
d)
55035

Harmon1c mean filter None of these.

r Tum over

CS/MCA/SEM-5/MCA-E-501B/2009-10

GROUP-B ( Short Auwer Type Qae.t!OD8 ) Answer any three of the following.

3 x 5 = 15

2. What Is gray image and what Is binary Image ? What do you mean by gray level and gray scale ? 2 +3 3. What are the differences between Image enhancement and restoration ? What 1s the equation for getting a negative Image? 3 +2 4. What is the difference between lossy and 10ssless Image compression. What do you mean by data redundancy. relative data redundancy and compression ratio? 2 +3 5. What Is Salt and Pepper noise? What is Quad-tree? 3 +2

6. What are mean and median filters ? Compare their performance. 2 +3 GROUP-C ( LoD' ADawer Type Queat!oDa ) Answer any three of the following. 7. aJ b) c) What Is image averaging ? Discuss Histogram characteristics for dark. bright. low contrast and high contrast Images.
Consider the follOWing image :
6 4
12 12 12 11 5 5
11

3 x 15 = 45

5 5
5

5
12 5

where gray level range Is zero to fifteen. Equal1ze the above image histogram. Show the histogram before and after equalization.
55035
4

3+4+8

CS/MCA/SEM-5/MCA-E-50 I B/2009-1O

8.

aJ
b)

Explain Huffman coding in image compression.

Find the entropy of an image of size 4 x 4 where gray level values are given as
10
15 15 15 10 15 25 15 50 25 50 15 50

15
50

15

c)

Explain OCT.

4+6+5

9.

al

Explain the following filters ;

1)

Arithmetic mean filter Geometric mean ruter Harmonic mean filter.

U)

U1)
b)

"An intensity histogram of an image gives some useful

clues about the shape of the objects in the image." Can you agree with this statement? Gtve YOUT reasons.
c)

Explain the following two noise removal technique :

j)
it)

Neighbourhood averaging
Median filtering.

Calculate the value of the shaded pixel of the following image segment when the above techniques are appUed with 3 x 3 neighbourhood.
3
1
2 4 4

5
7
~

5 6 6

3
2 2

--' .

5 -3 '

3 3

5
4

6
5

6
5

6 + I + 8
55035

[ Tum over

CS/MCA/SEM-5 /MCA-E-50 1B /2009-10

10. aJ
A waveform 9 (x ) defined at equally spaced set of

points x = O. 1. 2. 3. 4 is given by 1. 2. 4. 5. 5.
I) U)

Compute the discrete Fourier transform of 9 ( x) Compute the amplitude spectrum of 9 ( x I .

bl
c)

State and prove convolution theorem. What Is physical significance of convolution and correlation in image processing?

d)

Demonstrate convolution of the function

9 (

f ( x ) and

x ) shown respectively :
g(GC)

i
o
a
-T

+T

5+4+2+4 11. aJ What are the types of redundanCies normally avallable

in

an image?

bl
c) 55035

What Is compression ratio? What is the role of quantization in image compression ? 6

CS/MCA/5EM-5/MCA-E-50 IB/2009-10

d)

Compute the Huffman codes for the source symbols the probabilities of which are given below. Compute the entropy:
Silmbol
51

ProbablUtu
019 021 025 008 016 006 002 003 2+2+4+7

52 53 54

55
56 57

sa

55035

--------------------------------------------------------