Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1—1997
Australian Standard
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Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are
subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as
necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest
editi on, and any amendments thereto.
Full details of all Australi an Standards and related publicati ons will be found in the Standards Australia
Catalogue of Publi cations; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine ‘The
Australian Standard’, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications,
new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.
Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of Standards
Australia, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard
should be made wit hout delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 85136 and DR 91259.
AS 4433.1—1997
Australian Standard
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PREFACE
This Guide was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee on Sampling of Minerals,
as a basis for preparing Standards for sampling a range of minerals from moving streams
and stationary situations.
This Guide is Part 1 of the AS 4433 series for the sampling of particulate materials,
which is to be used as a basis for preparing sampling Standards for a number of mineral
commodities. Other Guides in the series are as follows:
Part 2: Preparation of samples
Estimating sampling precision
Checking for bias
An investigation of sampling theory has been carried out to justify the principles adopted.
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The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Guide to define the
application of the Appendices to which they apply. A normative appendix is an integral
part of a Standard, whereas an informative appendix is for guidance and information only.
CONTENTS
Page
1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4 NOTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5 PRINCIPLES OF SAMPLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6 ESTABLISHING A SAMPLING SCHEME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7 MINIMIZATION OF BIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
8 NUMBER OF INCREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
9 MASS OF LOT AND SUBLOT SAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
10 MASS-BASIS SAMPLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
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11 TIME-BASIS SAMPLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
12 STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING—FIXED MASS OR TIME INTERVALS . 30
13 MECHANICAL SAMPLING FROM MOVING STREAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
14 MANUAL SAMPLING FROM MOVING STREAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
15 STOPPED-BELT SAMPLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
16 SAMPLING FROM STATIONARY SITUATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
17 PACKING AND MARKING OF SAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
APPENDICES
A DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
B NOTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
C EXAMPLES OF VARIANCE CALCULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
D MECHANICAL SAMPLING IMPLEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
E MANUAL SAMPLING IMPLEMENTS— MOVING STREAMS . . . . . . . . . . 57
F MANUAL SAMPLING IMPLEMENTS—STATIONARY SITUATIONS . . . . . 59
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
Guide to the sampling of particulate materials
1 SCOPE This Guide sets out the basic methods for sampling particulate materials
from moving streams and stationary situations, including stopped-belt sampling, to
provide samples for measuring one or more variables in an unbiased manner and with a
known degree of precision. The variables are measured by chemical analysis, physical
testing or both. These sampling methods are applicable to materials that require inspection
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3 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Guide, the definitions given in Appendix A
apply.
5 PRINCIPLES OF SAMPLING
5.1 General Inspections or evaluations of bulk materials are based on collecting for a
lot sample a set of unbiased primary increments from the lot (cargo or shipment),
preparing a test sample from the lot sample without introducing a systematic error, and
taking a test portion from the test sample and analysing it by applying an appropriate and
properly calibrated analytical method or test procedure under prescribed conditions.
However, taking interleaved sublot samples from the bulk material may be necessary in
some cases to check the precision of the result.
COPYRIGHT
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