Speed Control of AC Motor Using TRIAC ST2715

Operating Manual Ver.1.1

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Speed Control of AC Motor Using TRIAC ST2715 Table of Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Safety Instructions Introduction Features Technical Specifications Theory Experiments Experiment 1 Study the speed control of AC motor using TRIAC With DIAC firing circuit Experiment 2 Study the speed control of AC motor using TRIAC With ramp pedestal firing circuit 7. 8. 9. 10. Data Sheet Warranty List of Accessories List of other Trainers available from us are 10 4 5 6 7 8

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Safety Instructions Read the following safety instructions carefully before operating the instrument. To avoid any personal injury or damage to the instrument or any product connected to it. Do not operate the instrument if you suspect any damage within. The instrument should be serviced by qualified personnel only. For your safety: Use proper Mains cord : Use only the mains cord designed for this instrument. Ensure that the mains cord is suitable for your country. : This instrument is grounded through the protective earth conductor of the mains cord. To avoid electric shock the grounding conductor must be connected to the earth ground. Before making connections to the input terminals, ensure that the instrument is properly grounded.

Ground the Instrument

Observe Terminal Ratings : To avoid fire or shock hazards, observe all ratings and marks on the instrument. Use only the proper Fuse : Use the fuse type and rating specified for this instrument.

Use in proper Atmosphere : Please refer to operating conditions given in this manual. 1. Do not operate in wet / damp conditions. 2. Do not operate in an explosive atmosphere. 3. Keep the product dust free, clean and dry.

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Introduction ST2715 is a compact, ready to use experiment board Speed Control of Ac Motor Using TRIAC. This is useful for students to understand the application of UJT and DIAC and TRIAC in motor control applications.

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Features Built in DC Power supply Universal motor 230V 1/8HP 4500 RPM with load. On board two firing circuits. Circuit selection switch is provided to select the triggering circuit. Firing circuit using DIAC and Ramp and Pedestal triggering circuit. Firing angle control: 0 to 180 degree Isolation between 230V AC supply and firing circuit(Ramp and pedestal) Isolation between SCR power circuit and firing circuit(Ramp and Pedestal) Attenuation circuitry is provided to show waveform on the oscilloscope. BNC connector is provided to check waveform on the oscilloscope. 2mm Sockets are provided to check voltage across the load. Operating manual is provided.

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Technical Specifications On board firing circuits : a. DIAC firing circuit b. Ramp & Pedestal firing circuit Firing angle variation Pulse transformer On board DC supply universal motor specifications Power supply Fuse Power consumption Dimensions Weight : : : : : : : : : Gradually variation from 0 to 180 using firing control pot. PT4503, 1:1:1 +12 V DC Single Phase-230V,1.2A, RPM-17000 230V 10%, 50Hz 1A 2VA (approx.) W420 x H100 x D255 2Kgs approx. No load

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Theory The application of power semiconductor device falls into two major areas 1. 2. Used in Motor drive controls in Industries and Used in residential and commercial applications

The role of power electronics in these applications is to provide energy conservation, increased safety, accuracy, reliability and an economical way to greater comforts. Thyristors are widely used in many industrial and consumer applications for controlling the net amount of power delivered. The below figure 1 shows the circuit of the simple lamp dimmer in which the DIACTRIAC circuit. The circuit operation is as follows. Overview of speed control of AC Motor using TRIAC : Speed control of AC motor that utilizes the current-regulating property of a TRIAC. Prior to being triggered, the TRIAC provides the barrier in the circuit, preventing current flow through AC source through motor. During this time voltage across the capacitor within the circuit builds up until it exceeds the break over voltage of a TRIAC. Once the break over voltage is exceeded, the DIAC fires the TRIAC into a conduction state and current flows through the motor. The amount of voltage seen over the motor is determined by the firing angle of the TRIAC which is set by the RC time constant of the circuit. This process then repeats every half cycle. Finally, it can be seen that this switching introduces high order harmonics into the system. Construction and Working of Speed control of AC motor using DIAC-TRIAC :

Figure 1 The figure 1 shows the construction of speed control of AC motor using DIACTRIAC. The circuit is designed in such that only a portion of the sine wave passes through the motor. To accomplish this, a bilateral DIAC is used to control the current flow to the TRIAC. Initially the capacitor is discharge, and during each half cycle of the input the capacitor is charge to its break over voltage. When this occurs the DIAC begins to conduct and discharges the capacitor through the TRIAC gate. The Speed of motor is controlled by varying the firing angle for the circuit. This is accomplished by controlling the rate at which the capacitor charges, and is determined by the RC time constant of the series potentiometer and capacitor. As shown in the figure the
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resistance R1 plus value of the potentiometer times the capacitor C1. So to control the speed of motor, one simply controls the value of resistance on the potentiometer, which determines the rate at which the capacitor reaches the break over voltage. Smaller the RC time constant, quicker the capacitor reaches to break over voltage and thus more part of sine wave that is applied over the motor. Construction and working of speed control of AC motor using Ramp and Pedestal triggering :

Figure 2 The above figure shows the construction of speed control of AC motor using ramp and pedestal triggering. UJT is often used as a trigger device for SCR and TRIAC. Ramp synchronized UJT-oscillator triggering. Figure 2 shows the circuit of ramp triggering with TRIAC connected for controlling power in ac load. This trigger circuit can also be used for the Thyristors in a single-phase semi converter or a single-phase full converter. Zener diode voltage Vz is constant at its thresh-hold voltage. R2 acts as a potential divider. Wiper of P2 controls the value of pedestal voltage Vpd. Diode D allows C to be quickly charged to Vpd through the low resistance of the upper portion of R2.The setting of wiper on P2 is such that this value of Vpd is always less than the UJT firing point voltage Vz. When wiper setting is such that Vpd is small, voltage Vz charges C3 through R6. When this ramp voltage VC3 reaches Vz, UJT fires and voltage Vg, through the pulse transfer, is transmitted to the gate circuits of the TRIAC. With the setting of wiper on P2, pedestal voltage Vpd on C3 can be adjusted .With low pedestal voltage across C, ramp charging of C3 to Vz takes longer time .and firing angle delay is therefore more and output voltage is low. With high pedestal on C3, voltage ramp charging of C3 through R6 reaches Vz faster, firing angle delay is smaller, and output voltage is high. This shows that output voltage is proportional to the pedestal voltage. The firing angle range of this circuit is 27 to 162.

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Experiment 1 Objective : To study the application of TRIAC as a speed control of AC motor with DIAC firing circuit Equipments Needed: 1. 2. 3. 4. Power Electronics Board ST2715 Multi-meter CRO probe BNC-BNC. AC motor

Circuit diagram : The circuit diagram for speed control of AC motor with DIAC firing circuit is as follows:

Figure 3

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Procedure : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Apply the circuit selection switch towards the DIAC-TRIAC circuit. Rotate the intensity control pot P1 to fully anti clockwise direction. Connect the Multi-meter between motor loads to measure the voltage across the load. Switch ON the power supply. Set the firing angle using intensity control pot at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and observe the waveform across load on oscilloscope(1ms = 18). Note the readings of output voltage across the load at different firing angles. Since the output voltage VO is attenuated by X100 attenuator therefore total output voltage Vout across the load is equal to VOUT=VO X 100.

Observation table : S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 Firing Angle Voltage Across Load

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Experiment 2 Objective : To study the application of as a speed control of AC motor with Ramp & Pedestal firing scheme. Equipments Needed : 1. Power Electronics Board ST2715 2. 3. 4. Multi-Meter CRO Probe BNC-BNC AC motor

Circuit diagram : The circuit diagram for speed control of AC motor using TRIAC

Figure 4

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Procedure : Apply the circuit selection switch towards the R&P 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Rotate the intensity control pot P2 to fully anti clockwise direction. Connect the Multi-meter between motor loads to measure the voltage across the load. Connect the connect BNC-BNC prob. To measure output waveform on oscilloscope. Switch ON the power supply. Set the firing angle using intensity control pot p2 at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and observe the waveform across load on oscilloscope(1ms = 18). Note the readings of output voltage across the load at different firing angles. Since the output voltage Vo is attenuated by X100 attenuator therefore total output voltage Vout across the load is equal to: VOUT=VO X 100.

Observation table : S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 Firing Angle (1ms=18) Voltage Across Load

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Data Sheet Boca Semiconductor Corp. (BSC) PN Unijunction Transistors Silicon PN Unijunction Transistors

Designed for use In pulse and timing circuits, sensing circuits and Thyristors trigger circuits. These devices feature: 1. 2. 3. Low Peak Point Current - 2A (Max) Low Emitter Reverse Current - 200nA (Max) Passivated Surface for Reliability and Uniformity

Maximum Ratings (TA = 25C unless otherwise noted.)

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Warranty 1. We guarantee the product against all manufacturing defects for 24 months from the date of sale by us or through our dealers. Consumables like dry cell etc. are not covered under warranty. The guarantee will become void, if a) b) c) d) 3. The product is not operated as per the instruction given in the operating manual. The agreed payment terms and other conditions of sale are not followed. The customer resells the instrument to another party. Any attempt is made to service and modify the instrument.

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The non-working of the product is to be communicated to us immediately giving full details of the complaints and defects noticed specifically mentioning the type, serial number of the product and date of purchase etc. The repair work will be carried out, provided the product is dispatched securely packed and insured. The transportation charges shall be borne by the customer.

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List of Accessories 1. 2. 3. 4. BNC BNC Cable .....................................................................................1 No. Mains Cord.................................................................................................1 No. AC Motor...................................................................................................1 No. e- Manual....................................................................................................1 No.
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List of other Trainers available from us are : Model Name PE01 UJT Characteristics PE02 MOSFET Characteristics PE03 SCR Characteristics PE04 TRIAC Characteristics PE05 DIAC Characteristics PE06 IGBT Characteristics PE07 PUT Characteristics PE10 SCR Triggering (R, RC Full wave, RC Half wave) PE11 SCR Triggering (UJT) PE12 SCR Triggering (IC555) PE13 SCR Triggering (IC74121) PE14 Ramp and Pedestal Triggering PE15 SCR Triggering (IC741) PE16 SCR Triggering (PUT) PE40 SCR Lamp Flasher PE41 SCR Alarm Circuit PE42 Series Inverter PE43 UJT Relaxation Oscillator PE44 Single Phase PWM Inverter ST2701 IGBT Characteristics ST2702 SCR Triggering (R, RC Half wave, RC Full wave) ST2703 SCR Triggering Techniques ST2704 Triggering of SCR using 74121 IC ST2705 SCR Lamp Flasher ST2706 SCR Alarm Circuit ST2707 Series Inverter ST2708 Single Phase Controlled Rectifier (with Ramp Comparator Firing Scheme) ST2709 Single Phase Controlled Rectifier (Cosine Firing Scheme) ST2710 Single Phase Converter Firing Techniques (by TCA 785IC and Triangular Comparator) ST2711 Lamp Dimmer ST2712 Electronics Power Lab ST2713 Single Phase Cyclo-Converter ST2714 Speed Control of Universal Motor using SCR ST2715 Speed Control of AC Motor using TRIAC ST2716 Microcontroller Based Firing Circuit for Controlled Rectifier ST2717 SCR Commutation Circuits ST2718 Bedford & Parallel Inverter ST2719 Step-Up Chopper ST2720 Single Phase Bridge Inverter ST2722 Step-Down Chopper ST2723 AC Chopper

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