big bang theory: edwin hubble doppler effect all forces in one- at the start -weak , strong nuclear,

electromagnetic, etc. gravity >gravity >3 other forces >hydrogen >helium >light >radiation >stars >N, O, C >matter+gravity

misconceptions: not an explosion rather an expansion ther is no center of expansion stellar evolution: birth and death of stars core-mayn nuclear fusion (H+) >> He>> glow of the star/source of heat star -twinkle kasi may source of light vs. planet- does not twinkle, only reflects light nebula- cradle of a new star/ remant of a dead star nucleosynthesis- H+ burning...nuclear fusion late burning stages- He+He forming larger elements... death of massive stars---supernova heavy elements- left overs of supernova material our sun- 2nd generation material sun, planets, satellites rings... terrestrial, gas planets nebular hypothesis- SS originated fron a single cloud of gas and dust & contracted due to gravity -immanuel kant

sun- mostly made of H+ ceter-conducts nuclear reactions pluto-dwarf planet JUVIAN--> GAS GIANTS ---no solid surface EARTH -started as a dust ball from the nebular gas -together by gravity--> accretion(building up)w. heating -cooling process--> denser elements sank in, lighter ones floated = differentiated earth/layers Fe&Nickel-core,density segregation MOON -from collision of materials with earth -compocition of the moon to the composition of the surface of the earth iron catasrophe-differentiation of the earth >core(solid and liquid) lehmann gutenberg >mantle mohorovicic >crust chemical composition size- eratosthenes earth's circumference shape- oblate spheroid flat sa poples, bulging sa equator.. why?--> cenripital forces, dahil umiikot and mundo mt.everest-tallest mt tallest feature- mauna loa marianas trench-deepest 10K m

pacific plate & phil plate--> subduction LARGE SCALE FEATURES Mt's, maountain ranges, belts, arcs/ volcanoes phil-volcanic arc himalaya mt belt-indian & asian plates desserts river basins OCEAN BASINS AND GLOBAL OCEANIC RIDGES ocean floors guyots and sea mounts EARTH'S INTERNAL STRUCTUREAND COMPOSITION moho,lehmann, gutenberg anatomy: Ddivisions >density >chemical composiiton >mechanical behavior of materials (lithosphere, etc..) crust-continental-thicker, less dense older, felsic rocks= Si & Al, granitic rocks ocenic - heavier, balastic rocks, thinner, younger, Mg, basalt mantle-Fe Mg -hot solid outer core-liquid nickle and iron inner-solid same composition Lithosphere -cool and rigid\ -uppermost mantle and crust asthenosphere -weak sphere -behaves plastically -partial melting -rest of the mantle ISOSTASY -tendency of the earth to maintain a state of near equilibrium (CRUST) -"same standing" -buoyancy AIRY'S THEORY -mt's roots w/c extend down to the mantle - thus elevation is proportional to the depth of the underlying root

PRATT'S THEORY -elevation is inversely proportional to density -thus higher mountain=lower density -light rocks float higher