If some cells are frequently seen as polluters (e.g. >8% time) should be marked and investigated .

Usually, the max number of active cell is 3, so if number of strong pilot is more than 3,then it is a pilot pollution point. If (CPICH_RSCP 1st - CPICH_RSCP 4th) < 5dB ,it means the best serve cell is not dominant

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According to the conditions of Pilot Pollution, the SC4,SC5,SC6 are Pilot Pollution, the RSCP of SC6 is more then 5dB lower than the best serve cell, so it is not Pilot Pollution Margin is 5 dB

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Looking at the estimated active set based on the scanner data is a useful measurement of pilot pollution , In order to see areas of excessive SHO candidates, the estimated active set size is allowed to exceed maximum of 3 . Locations where there are more than 3 pilots in the active set should be marked and sources of the interference should be identified. This can be done in conjunction with the Pilot pollution analysis.

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An example of pilot pollution results is provided in the Table. This shows the % of time each cell was seen as a pilot polluter. Cells which are frequently seen as polluters (e.g. >8) should be marked and investigated.

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Due to restriction to site location and complex geographic environment, cell distribution might be improper. Improper cell distribution causes weak coverage of some areas and coverage by multiple strong pilots in same areas. If a NodeB is constructed in a position higher than around buildings, most areas will be with in the line-of sight range. Therefore signals are widely transmitted. Over high site cause difficult control of cross-cell coverage, which causes pilot pollution . The sector azimuth of each antenna is set to cooperate with each other. If the azimuth is improperly set ,might lead to pilot pollution Therefore we must adjust the antenna according to actual propagation. If the antenna down tilt is improper, signals are received in the areas which are covered by this site. Therefore interferences to other areas causes pilot pollution . Even worse, interferences might cause call drop. When the NodeBs are densely distributed with a small planned coverage range and the CPICH power is over high, the pilot covers an area larger than the planned area. This causes pilot pollution .

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Multiple strong pilots interferes useful functional signals, so Io increases, Ec/Io decreases, BLER increases, and network quality declines. More than three strong pilots or no primary pilot exists in multiple pilots, frequent handover occurs among these pilots. This might cause call drop. The interference of the areas with pilot pollution increases, the system capacity declines .

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Start Assistant . Analyze scanner-based RSCP for 1st Best ServiceCell and EcIo for 1st Best ServiceCell. Select the areas with high RSCP and poor Ec/Io as candidate areas with pilot pollution . Analyze scanner-based Whole PP. Select the areas corresponding to candidate areas as the key areas with pilot pollution . Locate the cells that cause pilot pollution of the key areas. Based on RSCP for 1st Best Service Cell, judge whether the pilot pollution is caused by existence of multiple strong pilots or lack of a strong pilot. For the former cause, you can solve the problem by weakening other strong pilots. For the latter cause, you can solve the problem by strengthening some strong pilot. Based on the actual environment, analyze the specific causes to pilot pollution. For specific causes, provide solutions to pilot pollution. While eliminating pilot pollution in an area, consider the influence to other areas and avoid causing pilot pollution or coverage voids to other areas. After the adjustment, we should take retest and analyze RSCP, Ec/Io and Whole PP. If they cannot meet KPI requirements, re -optimize the network by selecting new key areas until KPI requirements are met.

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According to the test, change pilot signal strength of an area with pilot pollution by adjusting antenna down tilt and azimuth. This changes the distribution of pilot signals in the area. The principle for adjustment is enhancing primary pilot and weakening other pilots. Pilot pollution is caused by the coverage by multiple pilots. A direct method to solve the problem is to form a primary pilot by increasing the power of a cell and decreasing the power of other cells. If adjusting power and antenna is not effective to solving pilot pollution, use RRU or micro cells. Using RRU or micro cells aims to bring a strong -signal coverage in the area with pilot pollution, so the relative strength of other signals decreases.

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