Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
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Prepared by
Dong Xuan
Date
2008-2-21
2011-06-28
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Revision Record
Date 2008-1-21 2008-3-20 Revision Version 0.9 1.0 Draft completed. The document is modified according to review comments. Dong Xuan Wang Fei Change Description Author
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Key words: MOS, interference, BER, C/I, power control, DTX, frequency hopping, PESQ, PSQM /PSQM+, PAMS Abstract: With the development of the radio network, mobile operators become more focused on end users experience instead of key performance indicators (KPIs). The improvement of the end users experience and the improvement of the network capacity are regarded as KPIs. Therefore, Huawei must pay close attention to the improvement of the soft capability of the network quality as well as the fulfillment of KPIs. At present, there are three methods of evaluating the speech quality: subjective evaluation, objective evaluation, and estimation. Among the three methods, objective evaluation is the most accurate. The PESQ algorithm defined by the ITU can objectively evaluate the speech quality of the communication network. This document uses the mean opinion score (MOS) to label the speech quality after objective evaluation. This document describes the factors of MOS, the impact of each factor on the MOS, and the methods of improving the network QoS and then the speech quality. It also describes the attention points during the test of speech quality of the existing network and the device capability value of the lab test. In addition, this document introduces the differences between the speech test tools. The methods and principles of using the test tools are omitted. This document serves as a reference to the acceptance of network KPIs and the marketing bidding.
References: ITU-T P.800\ ITU-T P.830\ ITU-T P.861\ ITU-T P.862\ITU-T P.853
List of acronyms:
Acronym MOS PESQ PSQM
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Expansion Mean Opinion Score Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality Perceptual Speech Quality Measurement
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PAMS
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Contents
1 Basic Principles of MOS ........................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Subjective Speech Quality Evaluation .......................................................................... 9 1.2 Objective Speech Quality Evaluation ............................................................................... 10 1.2.1 PSQM (P.861) Recommendation or Algorithm .................................................................... 10 1.2.2 PESQ (P.862) Recommendation or Algorithm ..................................................................... 10 1.2.3 P862.1 Recommendation (Mapping Function for Transforming) ......................................... 11 1.2.4 P.563 Recommendation ....................................................................................................... 12 1.3 Speech Processing of Involved NEs ................................................................................. 13 1.3.2 MS 14 1.3.3 BTS 15 1.3.4 BSC 15 1.3.5 UMG 16 2 Factors That Affect the MOS in GSM ......................................................................................... 17 2.1 Introduction to GSM Speech Acoustic Principles ............................................................ 17 2.2 Impact of Field Intensity and C/I on the Speech Quality .................................................. 18 2.3 Impact of Handover on the Speech Quality ...................................................................... 18 2.4 Impact of DTX on the Speech Quality.............................................................................. 18 2.5 Impact of Speed (Frequency Deviation) on the Speech Quality ....................................... 19 2.6 Impact of Speech Coding Rate on the Speech Quality ..................................................... 20 2.7 Impact of Transmission Quality on the Speech Quality ................................................... 20 3 Method of Analyzing the Problem of Low MOS......................................................................... 21 3.1 Process of Analyzing the Problem of Low MOS .............................................................. 21 3.2 Method of Solving the Problem of Low MOS .................................................................. 23 3.2.1 Consistency Check and Sample Check ............................................................................... 23 3.2.2 Um Interface Check .............................................................................................................. 24 3.2.3 BTS Check ............................................................................................................................ 27 3.2.4 Abis Transmission Check ..................................................................................................... 28 3.2.5 BSC Check............................................................................................................................ 28 3.2.6 A Interface Transmission Check ........................................................................................... 29 3.2.7 MGW Check .......................................................................................................................... 29 3.2.8 Miscellaneous (Comparison of MOS Before and After Network Replacement) .................. 29 4 Test Methods and Suggestions..................................................................................................... 31 4.1 Test Tool Selection and Test Suggestions ........................................................................ 31 4.2 Suggestions on the Test of the Existing Network ............................................................. 32 5 MOS Cases .................................................................................................................................. 32 5.1 Differences Between Speech Signal Process and Signaling Process ................................ 32 5.1.1 GSM Speech Signal Process ............................................................................................... 32 5.1.2 Signaling Process ................................................................................................................. 33 5.2 Identified MOS Problems ................................................................................................. 33
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6 Feedback on MOS or Speech Problems ....................................................................................... 36 6.1 Test Requirements ............................................................................................................ 36 6.2 Requirements for Configuration Data in Existing Network.............................................. 38
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Tables
TABLE 1 RELATIONS BETWEEN THE QUALITY GRADE, SCORE, AND LISTENING EFFECT SCALE .......... 9 TABLE 2 IMPACT OF DTX ON THE SPEECH QUALITY ........................................................................ 19 TABLE 3 MAPPING BETWEEN THE SPEECH CODING SCHEME AND THE MOS VALUE ......................... 20 TABLE 4 MAPPING BETWEEN SPEECH SAMPLE AND MOS ............................................................... 23 TABLE 5 IMPACT OF TFO ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF SPEECH QUALITY (GSM REC. 06.85) ............. 28 TABLE 6 IDENTIFIED MOS PROBLEMS ............................................................................................. 34 TABLE 7 NETWORK CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS TO BE PROVIDED .............................................. 38
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Figures
FIGURE 1 PESQ PROCESS ................................................................................................................ 11 FIGURE 2 MAPPING BETWEEN P862 AND P862.1 ............................................................................. 12 FIGURE 3 OVERALL SPEECH QUALITY PREDICTION OF P.563 ........................................................... 13 FIGURE 4 TYPICAL MOS TEST PROCESS .......................................................................................... 14 FIGURE 5 SPEECH PROCESSING ON THE MS SIDE ............................................................................. 14 FIGURE 6 SPEECH PROCESSING ON THE BTS SIDE ........................................................................... 15 FIGURE 7 HANDLING PROCESS IN THE GTCS .................................................................................. 16 FIGURE 8 CODEC CASCADING.......................................................................................................... 17 FIGURE 9 FAULT LOCATION FLOW .................................................................................................... 23 FIGURE 10 SPEECH DATA TRANSMISSION ON THE UM INTERFACE (SCHEMATIC DRAWING) .............. 25 FIGURE 11 BSC6000 SPEECH PROCESS ............................................................................................ 33
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Score 5 4 3 2 1
Listening Effect Scale The listener can be totally relaxed without paying attention. The listener attention. The listener attention. should should pay pay some close
The listener should pay very close attention. The listener cannot understand even with very close attention.
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Although the formal subjective listening test is the most reliable evaluation method and the network performance and any coding/decoding algorithm can be evaluated, the test result varies from listener to listener. In addition, the factors such as the listening environment, listeners, and speech materials should be strictly controlled during the test. As a result, this method consumes a lot of time and money. Therefore, several objective evaluation methods, such as PSQM, PESQ, and P862.1, are introduced. For details about the objective evaluation methods, see the next section.
1.2
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delay, jitter, and filtering. The PESQ is the industrys best standard algorithm that has been commercially used. Figure 1 shows the PESQ process.
For both the PSQM and the PAMS, a speech reference signal should be transmitted on the telephone network. At the other end of the network, the sample signal and the received signal should be compared through the use of digit signal processing so that the speech quality of the network can be estimated. The PESQ incorporates the advantages of both the PSQM and the PAMS. It improves the VoIP and hybrid end-to-end applications and modifies the MOS and MOS-LQ calculation methods. Initially, these methods are used to measure the coding algorithm. Afterwards, they are also used to measure the VoIP network system.
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P.862. The watershed is at the score of 3.4. Therefore, according to P.862.1, the percentage of MOSs above 3.4 should be increased to enhance end users experience. The following is the formula to translate P.862 scores into P.862.1 scores:
y = 0.999 +
5 4.5 4 Mapped P.862 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 ?1
2 P.862
5
P.862.1_F1
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GSM BSS Network KPI (MOS) Optimization Manual Figure 3 Overall speech quality prediction of P.563
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1.3
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1.3.2 MS
Figure 5 shows the speech processing on the MS side.
Session processing
D/A
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1.3.3 BTS
On the BTS side, the TMU performs speech exchange with the BSC, and the DSP performs speech coding/decoding. Figure 6 shows the speech processing on the BTS side.
1.3.4 BSC
The BSC modules other than the GTCS perform transparent transmission on the speech signals. Instead of participating in the speech coding/decoding, these modules are only responsible for the establishment of the speech channel, wiring, and speech connection. For the transparent transmission process, see the BSC6000 speech process figure. 1.3.4.1 FTC Processing on Speech Coding/decoding is performed on the speech signals and rate adaptation is performed on the data signals so that the communication between a GSM subscriber and a PSTN subscriber is realized and the transparent transmission on the SS7 signaling over the A interface is implemented.
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1.3.4.2 FTC Loopback In a loopback, a message is transmitted by a transmission device or transmission channel and then is received by the same to check the health of the hardware and the settings of the software parameters. The FTC loopback is one of the most commonly used method for locating the transmission problems and for checking whether the settings of the trunk parameters are accurate.
1.3.5 UMG
The UMG performs the coding/decoding conversion. Different coding/decoding algorithms have different impacts on the speech quality. If the communication is performed between different networks, if the MSs use different coding/decoding algorithms, or if the same coding/decoding uses different rates to perform communications, the coding/decoding conversion is required. Generally, the UMG8900 coding/decoding algorithm uses the codec cascading to perform speech conversions. As shown in Figure 8, codec A is cascaded with codec B. First, the compressed code stream is restored to the PCM linear code through the corresponding decoder. Then, the PCM linear code is encoded through another coding/decoding algorithm. The codecs involve lots of redundancy operations, so the speech quality is degraded to some extent.
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Decoder A
Encoder B
2.1
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than the predefined threshold. If a transmission alarm is generated, the related speech transmission lines should be checked. If the speech quality is poor, a port BER test should be conducted.
2.2
2.3
2.4
If the DTX is enabled for a radio network, comfort noise and voice activity detection (VAD) are introduced. Affected by the background noise and system noise, the VAD cannot be totally exact. This definitely leads to the clipping of speech signals. Thus, the loss of speech frames and the distortion of speech may occur, and the speech quality and MOS test may be greatly affected.
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When the Comarco device marks a speech score, the statistics on the clipping are collected. Generally, the value of the clipping has a positive correlation with the clipped portion of speech. Therefore, if the intrusive algorithm is used, the MOS is definitely low. Table 2 describes the result of the lab test.
Table 2 Impact of DTX on the speech quality
Impact of DTX on the Speech Quality 1. If the uplink DTX of the FR is enabled, the PESQ decreases by about 0.053 on average. FR Varying from sample to sample, the decrease of PESQ ranges from 0.03 to 0.08. 2. If the downlink DTX of the FR is enabled, the PESQ decreases by about 0.054 on average. Varying from sample to sample, the decrease of PESQ ranges from 0.02 to 0.12. 1. If the uplink DTX of the FAMR12.2 is enabled, the PESQ decreases by about 0.05 on average. Varying from sample to sample, the decrease of PESQ ranges from 0.01 to 0.33. 2. If the downlink DTX of the FAMR12.2 is enabled, the PESQ decreases by about 0.08 on average. Varying from sample to sample, the decrease of PESQ ranges from 0.02 to 0.20. 1. If the uplink DTX of the HAMR5.9 is enabled, the PESQ decreases by about 0.018 on average. Varying from sample to sample, the decrease of PESQ ranges from 0.01 to 0.07. 2. If the downlink DTX of the HAMR5.9 is enabled, the PESQ decreases by about 0.079 on average. Varying from sample to sample, the decrease of PESQ ranges from 0.05 to 0.11.
FAMR12.2
HAMR5.9
2.5
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and 20 is also only 40%. The distribution of the highest SQIs is sparser than that (about 90%) with the same speech quality at a low speed. Therefore, high speed greatly affects the speech quality. Ensure that the speed is stable during acceptance tests or comparative tests.
2.6
2.7
retransmission of LAPD signaling, LAPD bad frame, and overload. These counters are used to monitor the transmission quality on the Abis interface. If too many bad frames are generated or if the signaling retransmission occurs frequently, the transmission quality is probably poor. From the perspective of principle, poor transmission quality is
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equivalent to the loss of some speech frames. If the speech frames are lost, the speech quality deteriorates greatly.
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Start
End
1. Test MS
W hether the test tool, test MS, and test sample have an impact on the MOS test? Whether related to coverage or interference?
Replace the test tool, test MS, or test sample Refer to the guide related to coverage or interference
Optimize the neighboring cell relations, check the configurations of the handover -related parameters , and reduce the number of handovers Check the full-rate/half-rate busy threshold and parameters related to AMR rate adjustment Check the related data and disable the DTX function to perform another test, and then check the software version
2. Um interface check
3. BTS check
Transmission bit error or intermittence on A bis interface W hether the TFO function is enabled
5. BSC check W hether the local switch function is enabled 6. A interface check W hether intermittence occurs on A interface transmission? W hether speech damage occurs between MGWs? Whether such factors as test route are consistent in the case of comparison test? W hether test speed (frequency deviation) has an impact on speech quality?
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Check for intermittence alarms and bit errors on A interface Check the coding scheme betw een UMGs Use the same route to perform test and eliminate the effect of different factors
Use the same test speed in the case of comparison test. The frequency deviation algorithm should be enabled for the BTS if test speed reaches 200 KM/H.
7. MGW check
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3.2
If the test samples are different, the test results differ irrespective of whether the environment (for example, shielded cabinet in non-interference environment), MS, wireless equipment, core network equipment, and parameter setting are the same. Therefore, the speech samples for the speech tests before and after the network replacement must be the same. The following table lists the mapping between the speech sample and the MOS. According to Table 4, the MOS varies according to the speech sample. The tests of a large number of speech samples show that American English has the highest MOS, German has the second highest MOS, and Spanish has the third highest MOS.
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Sub-stream
CRC
Sub-stream B
Sub-stream C
1/2 coding
Sub-stream C
TDMA frame
Figure 10 Speech data transmission on the Um interface (schematic drawing)
Like the CDMA2000, the GSM also uses the frame stealing method to transmit some signaling. The frame stealing method has an impact on the speech quality. If continuous frame stealing occurs, the speech quality is greatly affected. In the GSM system, if the full-rate speech coding is used, the CRC of sub-stream A checks only three bits and the error check capability is limited. The errors that cannot be detected through the CRC also affect the speech quality. Hence, the speech quality can be reflected only when the measurement of the remaining bit error rate (RBER) is performed. The RBER cannot be measured, but the GSM system provides an alternative method, that is, to measure the demodulation BER. In other words, first, perform error correction on the demodulation result; second, encode the obtained result; third, compare the demodulation result with the encoded result. Thus, the BER in the radio transmission can be reflected indirectly. The standard measuring value that corresponds to BER is
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RXQUAL. Therefore, for high speech quality, the BER must be reduced and the receive quality on the Um interface must be improved. For the enhanced full rate (EFR), the statistics of FER can basically reflect the speech quality because the 10-bit CRC is used. From the perspective of the Um interface, the factors that affect the speech quality are sub-stream A, BER (or RXQual), and frame stealing. Only RxQual, however, can solve the problem of poor speech quality through network optimization. 3.2.2.2 Coverage- and Interference-Related Problem Check If the network coverage is poor, it is definite that many areas in the network have poor receive quality. Therefore, the speech quality is affected. The interference leads to an increase of BER on the radio link. The increase may exceed the demodulation capacity of the BTS so that speech frames cannot be identified. Thus, the speech frames may be lost and thus the speech is discontinuous. To solve the two types of problems, refer to the corresponding guide: G-Guide to Eliminating Interference - 20050311-A-1.0 G-Guide to Analyzing Network Coverage - 20020430-A-1.0 3.2.2.3 Low MOS due to Handovers Low MOS is caused by not only frequent handovers but also the following factors. 1. The GSM network uses hard handovers, so a handover from a source channel to a target channel definitely causes loss of downlink speech frames on the Abis interface. As a consequence, audio discontinuity caused by handovers is inevitable during a call. Therefore, the handover-related parameters must be checked to avoid frequent handovers. 2. The handover is not reasonable. For example, a call is handed over to a cell with poor quality because of configurations, and thus the MOS is low. 3. The parameter settings are improper, so the handover is slow. If the QoS of the serving cell is poor for a long time, the speech call cannot be handed over to a better neighboring cell in time. Thus, the speech quality is always poor, leading to low MOS, handover failure, and call drops. 4. Some networks disable the bad quality handover, so the MOS is low.
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5. The intra-cell handover is configured as asynchronous handover, so the connection on the Um interface is long, leading to low MOS.
3.2.2.4 Occupation Ratios of Half Rate and Low AMR Rate All the MOS tests using the PESQ algorithm adopt intrusive speech scores, which are process values. If the existing network has several types of speech coding, the conduct of speech quality DT test or CQT test leads to channel handovers and AMR speech coding rate handovers. Several types of speech coding may be involved in the speech grading process. Therefore, the network speech quality test is performed on different types of speech coding. The speech quality test value of the high coding rate is low, and the speech quality test value of the low coding rate is high. When the transmission quality on the Um interface is stable, the MOS is low if the occupation ratio of the half rate is high. Therefore, the full rate and the high AMR rate coding are recommended.
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3.2.5.2 Whether Local Switch Is Enabled The local switch consists of BSC local switch and BTS local switch. For the BSC local switch, the calling MS and called MS should be served by the same BSC. Thus, the Ater interface and local transmission resources are saved. For the BTS local switch, the calling MS and called MS should be served by the same BTS or BTS group. Thus, the
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Ater interface and Abis interface transmission resources are saved. When the BSC local switching is used, the TC coding/decoding is not required if the transcoding function is implemented in the core network, thus improving the speech quality. When the BTS local switching is used, the TC coding/decoding is not required because the speech signals do not pass the BSC. This also improves the speech quality.
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3.2.8.1 Test Speed Generally, the drive speed should be stable (at about 30 km/h) during the test. If the drive speed is low, the test is equivalent to the fixed-point CQT test and thus the test result is high. In addition, if the drive speed is high (at more than 200 km/h), the generated frequency deviation affects the speech quality. In this case, the BTS frequency deviation algorithm should be enabled to improve the speech quality. 3.2.8.2 Test Route and Test Time The DT test of speech quality objectively reflects the coverage and receive quality of a network. In a network, it is definite that some areas have good speech quality and other areas have poor speech quality. During the DT test of speech quality, the trunk coverage lines of the target network should be tested completely and the important branch lines should also be tested. A test route should not be tested repeatedly. If you test the areas with good speech quality repeatedly, the speech quality in the DT test becomes high. If you test the areas with poor speech quality repeatedly, the speech quality in the DT test becomes low. You should also check whether the test time is consistent. In different periods, the traffic models of the existing network are different. The busy traffic hours in each day occur regularly. Therefore, the congestion during traffic peaks is heavy, thus causing more in-network interference. According to the statistics about the receive quality on the Um interface, the receive quality deteriorates during busy hours and the corresponding SQI decreases. Therefore, to ensure the test consistency, you are advised to choose the same test period. For example, Huawei has conducted comparison tests at 4:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m (busy hour) in Tieling. The results show that the QoS on the Um interface in the early morning is very good and that during busy hours is very poor. Accordingly, the speech quality in the early morning is good and that during busy hours is poor. Therefore, the same test periods should be selected for the comparison test. 3.2.8.3 Frequency Reuse Degree For mobile communications, frequency is the most important resource. With the rapid development of mobile communications, the number of mobile subscribers increases sharply. To meet the increasing capacity requirements, all the mobile operators try to raise the frequency reuse degree within their own frequency bands. The increase of the
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frequency reuse degree, however, definitely brings about large network interference. If the frequency reuse degree is high, the interference is strong. Thus, the network quality is poor and the speech quality is poor. This may adversely affect the user experience. Therefore, the speech quality of the mobile operators with different frequency reuse degrees cannot be compared directly. For example, China Unicom adopts a plan with high frequency reuse degree to reach the same cell configuration of BTSs for China Mobile, so the speech quality of China Unicom is definitely lower than that of China Mobile. In a word, if the frequency reuse degree is high, the test MOS is low. 3.2.8.4 Engineering Installation Quality Issues According to the experience, check that the connector (on the DDF) on each transmission segment is properly connected and that there are no exposed stubs. For optical transmission, check that optical connector is clean and that the transmission BER is not high. The poor engineering quality in the antenna system also causes the MOS to decrease. The speech quality may deteriorate because of errors in engineering installation, for example, loose connector, misconnection, or poor coverage.
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4.2
5 MOS Cases
5.1
Differences Between Speech Signal Process and Signaling Process 5.1.1 GSM Speech Signal Process
MS-BTS - GEIUB-GTNU-GEIUT-GEIUTGTNU-GDSUC-GTNU-GEIUA-MSCMS
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5.2
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of the existing network is low and if the problem of low MOS cannot be solved after optimization, you can refer to the Problem Description column in the following table to check whether the version is incorrect. Table 6 lists only the problem-solved versions. To check whether the onsite version is correct, consult the product maintenance department.
Table 6 Identified MOS problems
Problem Number
Problem In the case of FAMR/HAMR and FR, one frame is lost and then the frame is retransmitted. In case of frame loss during a handover, the smoothness handling performed on the signals over the EFR/HR channels does not take effect. Random bit errors when TFO established Permanent loss of one frame during handover to half rate and permanent loss of one frame during activation under HAMR 7.4k The uplink DTX is enabled and the speech quality under EFR and HAMR obviously deteriorates.
Problem Description The frame loss on the uplink during the FAMR/HAMR and FR speech leads to a sharp decrease in the MOS.
Related Product
Affected Channel
Problem-Solved Version
DPU(T C)
FAMR/HAM R/FR
V9R8C01B048SP 01
The frame loss on the uplink during the EFR/HR speech leads to a sharp decrease in the MOS.
DPU(T C)
EFR/HR
V9R8C01B048SP 01
When the TFO is established, the MOS is lower than the expected value and there are random bit errors. The uplink DTX is enabled in the case of HAMR7.4. During the transition from non-speech to speech, the MOS is decreased by one frame.
DPU(T C)
EFR/FR/HR
V9R8C01B048SP 01
DPU(T C)
HAMR7.4
V9R8C01B048SP 01
The uplink DTX is enabled in the case of EFR and HAMR. During the transition from non-speech to speech, the MOS is decreased by one frame.
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DPU(T C)
EFR/HARM6. 7/HARM7.4
V9R8C01B048SP 01
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Damage is introduced on the TC side. The internal clock is slow. External interruption should be used to locate the period of 20 ms. If a call is made repeatedly on the same channel, audio discontinuity occurs. In the test speech sample, two SP frames contain the SID_FIRST frame. In this case, the BTS misinterprets and discards the first speech frame after the SID frame. Thus, the MOS decreases. In the test speech sample, two SP frames contain the SID_FIRST_INH frame. In this case, the BTS reports the SID_FIRST_INH frame as the NO_SP frame. Thus, the TC misinterprets and discards the first speech frame after the NO_SP frame. As a result, the MOS decreases. After the uplink DTX is enabled, the adjustment (adjustment is made when silent frames are transmitted and adjustment is not made when speech frames are transmitted) is made on the downlink coding in the case of half-rate AMR multirate set. If the DTX is disabled, however, a fixed rate is always occupied. Therefore, the adjustment is not caused by the C/I. Reporting of HO_DET ahead of time during synchronous handover
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DPU(T C)
V9R8C01B048SP 01
frame
DSP (BTS)
FAMR
V100R008C02B2 01 or V100R001C07B4 15
DSP (BTS)
HARM
V100R008C02B2 01 or V100R001C07B4 15
11
DSP (BTS)
HARM
V100R008C02B2 01 or V100R001C07B4 15
12
During the synchronous handover, the HO_DET is reported ahead of time. Thus, the DSP uplink speech frames on the old (BTS) channel are lost and the handover disruption is long. The occurrence possibility of this
Huawei Technologies Proprietary
V100R008C02B2 01 or V100R001C07B4 15
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13
During the intra-BSC asynchronous handover, one frame out of the uplink speech frames is lost. This problem occurs on the three types of MSs. The occurrence possibility of this problem during the lab test is about 30%-50%.
DSP (BTS)
V100R008C02B2 01 or V100R001C07B4 15
6.1
Test Requirements
1. Test time and periods: The test must be conducted at 9:00-12:00 and 17:00-20:00 on workdays (Monday through Friday). 2. The test routes must evenly cover the trunk roads in the urban areas without repeated coverage. The round-the-city express ways, viaducts, and roads between the urban areas and the air port must be tested.
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3. In the urban areas, the test speed should equal the normal drive speed. No limitation is set on the test speed. 4. Irrespective of the traffic, the city with a population of more than 500 thousand should be tested for three days and the city with a population of more than 200 thousand should be tested for two days. The test should last six hours for each test day. 5. Dialing requirements: The test MSs should be located inside the vehicle and both the calling MS and called MS should be connected to the test instruments. The GPS receiver should be connected to conduct the test. Both the GSM calling MS and called MS for the test should be of auto dualband. The MSs should be dialed mutually. The dialing, answering, and onhook of the MSs should be automatic. Each call should last 180 seconds with a call interval of 20 seconds. If call failure or call drop occurs, another call attempt should be made after 20 seconds. The call interval is set according to the requirements of the mobile operator. 6. Daemon data analysis: All the tests must use the same test instruments and Daemon data processing software. 7. Normally, the test tools are selected according to the requirements of the mobile operators. At present, China Mobile accepts the PESQ as the evaluation standard of the existing network and Hua Xing as the test tool. The overseas mobile operators use different evaluation standards and use such test tools as SwissQual, QVoice, and Cormarco.
8. The evaluation of the Um interface on the existing network should be complete and the statistics on RxQual, C/I, and SQI should be provided. The three counters should have the mean values, peak values, mean square errors in different periods, and distribution interval list of different values. During the test, the GPS should be dotted and the log files of the TEMS test should be archived. 9. When the network of several cities is replaced, the speech problems should be
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reported. For different cities, the test should be conducted according to the different requirements mentioned in this chapter. The test reports should be archived. The dot information about the local e-map should be provided for the future network optimization of the areas with poor quality. During each test, the mean speed per hour should be recorded and archived. Dot statistics can be performed on the GPS.
6.2
Network Configuration Uplink/downlink DTX UL PC Allowed DL PC Allowed Radio frequency hopping Baseband frequency hopping Transmit diversity TFO EC Whether the core network uses IP bearing
Test Result
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Transmission mode of each interface Frequency resources Configuration of main BTS models Setting of the handover threshold Setting of the power control threshold Setting of the coding rate and the use proportion RxQual in the drive test of the entire network SQI in the drive test of the entire network C/I in the drive test of the entire network
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