AS/NZS 4472:1997

ISO/IEC 11544:1993
ISO/IEC 11544:1993/Cor.1:1995

Australian/New Zealand Standard

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Information technology—
Coded representation of picture and
audio information—
Progressive bi-level image
compression
 AS/NZS 4472:1997

This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical

Committee IT/1, Information Systems—Interconnection. It was approved on behalf of
the Council of Standards Australia on 24 February 1997 and on behalf of the Council
of Standards New Zealand on 21 February 1997. It was published on 5 June 1997.

The following interests are represented on Committee IT/1:

Australian Bankers Association

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Australian Bureau of Statistics

Australian Computer Society
Australian Computer Users Association
Australian Information Industry Association
Australian Vice Chancellors Committee
Department of Defence, Australia
Department of Industry, Science and Technology, Australia
Government Computing Service, New Zealand
Information Exchange Steering Committee, Australia
Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, CSIRO, Australia
Telstra Corporation, Australia
Telecom New Zealand

Review of Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Joint Australian/

New Zealand Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the
issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that
Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any
amendments thereto.
Full details of all Joint Standards and related publications will be found in the
Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand Catalogue of Publications; this
information is supplemented each month by the magazines ‘The Australian Standard’
and ‘Standards New Zealand’, which subscribing members receive, and which give
details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn
Standards.
Suggestions for improvements to Joint Standards, addressed to the head office of either
Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand, are welcomed. Notification of any
inaccuracy or ambiguity found in a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard should be
made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action
taken.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 96341.

 AS/NZS 4472:1997

Australian/New Zealand Standard

This is a free 6 page sample. Access the full version at http://infostore.saiglobal.com.

Information technology—
Coded representation of picture and
audio information—
Progressive bi-level image
compression

First publi shed as AS/NZS 4472:1997.

PUBLISHED JOINTLY BY:

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
1 The Crescent,
Homebush NSW 2140 Australia

STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

Level 10, Radio New Zealand House,
155 The Terrace,
Wellington 6001 New Zealand
ISBN 0 7337 1138 3
 ii

PREFACE

This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee IT/1,
Information Systems—Interconnection. It is identical with and has been reproduced from
ISO/IEC 11544:1993, Information technology—Coded representation of picture and audio
information—Progressive bi-level image compression, including Technical Corrigendum 1:1995. This
addition has been bound at the rear of this Standard and text affected marked by a marginal bar.
The objective of this Standard is to provide users requiring to digitally transmit bi-level images with
a specification for a coding method having progressive, progressive-compatible sequential, single-
progression and single-progression sequential modes.
Users of this Standard are advised by Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand, under
arrangements made with ISO and IEC, as well as certain other Standards organizations, that the number
of this Standard is not reproduced on each page; its identity is shown only on the cover and title pages.
For the purpose of this Standard, the source text should be modified as follows:
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(a) Terminology The words ‘this Australian/New Zealand Standard’ should replace the words ‘this
International Standard’ wherever they appear.
(b) Decimal marker Substitute a full point for a comma where it appears as a decimal marker.

 Copyri ght STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

Users of Standards are reminded that copyri ght subsists in all Standards Austr alia and Standards New Zealand publications and
soft ware. Except where the Copyri ght Act allows and except where provided for below no publi cati ons or software produced by
Standards Australi a or Standards New Zealand may be reproduced, stored in a retr ieval system in any form or tr ansmit ted by any
means wit hout prior permission in writ ing from Standards Austr alia or Standards New Zealand. Permission may be conditi onal on an
appropri ate royalty payment. Australi an requests for permission and informati on on commercial soft ware royalti es should be directed
to the head offi ce of Standards Austr alia. New Zealand requests should be directed to Standards New Zealand.
Up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard may be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers
of the Standard without payment of a royalt y or advice to Standards Australi a or Standards New Zealand.
Inclusion of copyri ght materi al in computer soft ware programs is also permitt ed wit hout royalt y payment provided such
programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs.
Care should be taken to ensure that materi al used is fr om the current editi on of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the
Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identif ied.
The use of material in pri nt form or in computer soft ware programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in
commercial contr acts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be vari ed by Standards Austr alia or Standards
New Zealand at any time.
 iii

Contents Page

1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . .... 1

2 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . .... 1
3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . ... . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . .... 2
4.1 Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . .. .. 2
4.2 Symbolic constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . .... 2
4.3 Mathematical symbols, operators, and indicators . . . . . . ... . . ... 3
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4.4 Variables with mnemonic names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . .... 3

5 Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . .... 3
5.1 Flow diagram conventions and symbols . . . . . . . . . . . .... . .... 3
5.2 Template graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . .... 3
5.3 Spatial phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . .... 4
5.4 Data structure graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . .... 4
6 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . ... 7
6.1 General rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . .... 7
6.2 Data organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . .... 7
6.3 Resolution reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . ... 12
6.4 Differential-layer typical prediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . 13
6.5 Lowest-resolution-layer typical prediction . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . 16
6.6 Deterministic prediction (DP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . ... 19
6.7 Model templates and adaptive templates . . . . . . . . . . . .... . ... 23
6.8 Arithmetic coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . ... 26
7 Test methods and datastream examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . .. 43
7.1 Arithmetic coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . ... 44
7.2 Parameterized algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . ... 51
7.3 Datastream examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . ... 55
 iv

Annexes
A Suggested minimum support for free parameters .. .. .. .. . .. ... .. . 56
B Design of the resolution reduction table . . . . . . .. . .. ... .. .... . .. 57
B.1 Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...... ...... . .. 57
B.2 Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...... ...... ... 58
C Adaptive template changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. ...... ... 60
C.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...... ...... ... 60
C.2 Differential layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .... ...... ... 60
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C.3 Lowest resolution layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ..... ...... ... 60

D Design of the probability-estimation table . . . . .. ... .. . .... .. ... 63
D.1 Bayesian estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... ... ...... ... 63
D.2 Multiple contexts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ..... ...... ... 63
D.3 MPS/LPS parameterization . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... ... .. .... ... 63
D.4 Rapid tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .... .. ... 64
D.5 Reducing computational burden . . . . . . . . . . . ..... ..... . ... 64
E Patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...... .. .... .. . 68
E.1 Introductory remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. ...... ... 68
E.2 List of patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... ...... ... 68
E.3 Contact addresses for patent information . .. . .. ... .. .... . .. 69
F Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .... . ...... ... 71
 This is a free preview. Purchase the entire publication at the link below:

AS/NZS 4472:1997, Information technology -

Coded representation of picture and audio
information - Progressive bi-level image
This is a free 6 page sample. Access the full version at http://infostore.saiglobal.com.

compression

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