PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2009 PMR

MODULE 11 SCIENCE

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK PMR 2009

MODULE 11 SCIENCE
ANJURAN : JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI PULAU PINANG (JPN PP) BAHAGIAN PENYELARASAN PENYERTAAN BUMIPUTERA (BPPB), UNIT PENYELARASAN PELAKSANAAN, JABATAN PERDANA MENTERI LEMBAGA KEMAJUAN WILAYAH PULAU PINANG ( PERDA ), UNIT PENYELARASAN PELAKSANAAN, JABATAN PERDANA MENTERI PUSAT URUS ZAKAT PULAU PINANG (PUZ), MAJLIS AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI PULAU PINANG
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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2009 PMR

MODULE 11 SCIENCE

AIR PRESSURE CONTENTS: A. Understanding air pressure B. Applying the principle of air pressure in daily life

CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS (30 minutes) A. Understanding air pressure a) Kinetic theory of gases explains the following: Air consist of particles which move freely in all directions. The particles collide with each other and exert a force. These forces produce a pressure on the surface. b) The air in the atmosphere presses on the surface of all objects. This is known as air pressure.

c)

Atmospheric pressure is measured by means of an aneroid barometer in cm of mercury on N/m2 . Example pressure at sea level is about 76cm of mercury or 100 000 N/m2 . i. d) The presence of air pressure can be shown by the following activities Sucking air out from a plastic bottle
To suction pump

To suction pump High air Low air pressure pressure

Plastic bottle

Air Beginning End

When air is sucked out of the plastic bottle, the bottle collapses inwards due to air pressure outside the bottle pressing inwards. The air pressure in the bottle is reduced. (ii) A glass of water and a piece

water cardboard

Air pressure Beginning End

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2009 PMR

MODULE 11 SCIENCE

When the hand supporting the cardboard is withdraw, the cardboard does not fall in spite of the weight of the water in the glass pushing down on it. This is due to the air pressure pressing upwards on the cardboard. (iii) Rubber cups
handle Rubber cup

Press two rubber cups together so that the air enclosed by the cups is forced out. It is difficult to separate the cups now. This is because atmospheric pressure is pressing on the cups. e) Factors affecting air pressure Air pressure increases when i. volume is decreased ii. Temperature is increased. B. Applying the principle of air pressure in daily life (i)

( ii )

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2009 PMR

MODULE 11 SCIENCE

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(g) (h)

Gases can be changed into liquids by compressing them under high pressure in gas cylinders and aerosol cans. The following safety measures should be followed when using gas under high pressure: Do not place the tank near a heat source. Always place the tank upright . Do not dispose can aerosol can in a fire.

Activity (60 minutes)

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2009 PMR

MODULE 11 SCIENCE

1.

What are the apparatus used for ? Match the apparatus with the explanation below.

( a ) Air expand when heated. ( b ) Air diffuses through the walls of the balloon ( c ) Air has weight ( d ) Air occupies space ( e ) Air exerts a pressure. ( f ) One fifth of air is used for burning

2.

Rearrange the steps to explain what happen in the figures below. Write the numbers 1 10 in the boxes.

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2009 PMR

MODULE 11 SCIENCE

A B C D E F G H I J

The pressure in the can decreases Close the cap tightly The can becomes dented Heat the water until its boils The air pressure in tin increases There are more liquid particles in the can now More liquid particles become gas particles Rinse the hot can with cold water The air pressure outside the can is higher The gas condenses and forms a liquid

3. Fill in the blanks.

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2009 PMR

MODULE 11 SCIENCE

random increases

surrounds collide

air pressure higher heated

Kinetic Theory of Gases moving walls

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (I) (j)

The ____________ states that a gas consists of tiny , discrete particles. These gas particles are constantly ______________. They move in a ____________ manner. The gas particle __________ with one another. Gas particle also collide with the __________ of the container. These collision result in __________ . The layer of air that _________ the earth exerts a pressure on all objects on the surface of the earth. The _____ a place is above sea level, the less air pressure there is . When air is _________ , the air pressure increases. When the volume of air _________ , the air pressure decreases.

4.

Fill in the blanks to learn more about air pressure.

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2009 PMR

MODULE 11 SCIENCE

Air pressure in an ( 1 )______________ container depends on two factors. These are ( 2 ) __________ of the container and ( 3 )___________ of the air. Air pressure is caused by air particles ( 4 )___________ and with the walls of ( 5 )___________.We can changed the ( 6 )____________ of the container shown in the n figure on the previous page by ( 7 ) __________the piston up and down. When the ( 8 )______ is pushed down , the volume of the container becomes( 9 )_________ .The ( 10 ) __________ between the particles and also with the (11 ) _________increases . .These causes the air pressure inside the container to increase. When the piston is pushed up , the volume of the container( 12 )_________ .The collision rate ( 13 )__________ and so too does the ( 14 )_________ in the container. When the air in the container is heated the air particles ( 15 ) _______.Therefore , the air particles move ( 16 )__________. The ( 17 ) ___________ of collision between air particles and the walls of the container increases . When the air is cooled it has ( 18 ) __________ kinetic energy. The collision rate decreases ( 19 )__________ the air pressure ( 20 ) ____________ the container decreases.

ASSESSMENT (60 minutes) SECTION A

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2009 PMR

MODULE 11 SCIENCE

1. Which activity below applies the principle of air pressure? A. Using instant milk powder to make a drink of milk. B. Obtaining pure water from sea water. C. Removing water from an aquarium using a siphon. D. Using baking powder to bake a fluffy sponge cake. 2. Which of the following is not included in the kinetic theory of gases? A. B. C. D. Gas particles are always moving in a straight path. Gases are made up of discrete particles. Gas particles have kinetic energy. Gas particles exert pressure.

3. In which situation will the air pressure increase? A. B. C. D. Use a bigger container to store the gas. Store the gas in a cylinder. Go up a mountain. Increase the temperature of the gas.

4. The Figure 1 shows a hook stuck onto a wall to hang a load

Wall Rubber sucker Hook

Figure 1 What modification could be made to ensure the rubber sucker sticks more strongly on the wall to support more load? A. B. C. D. Use a bigger hook Use a smaller hook Enlarge the rubber sucker diameter Reduce the rubber sucker diameter

5. Figure 2 shows a boy using a straw to drink.

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2009 PMR

MODULE 11 SCIENCE

Figure 2 Which of the following observation and explanations are true about the air pressure at X, Y and Z? Observation Explanation Pressure at X, Y and Z compared to the atmospheric pressure X Y Z Different Same Different Same Same Different Same Different Different Same Same Same

A B C D

Water can be sucked up Water can be sucked up Water cannot be sucked up Water cannot be sucked up

6. The diagram 2 shows a spraying pump

What will happen when the piston is pushed forward? A B C D Air pressure at X is lower and air pressure in the container increases. Air pressure at X is higher and air pressure in the container decreases Air pressure at X decreases and air pressure in the container remains the same There is no change in the air pressure at X and air.

7. Which of the following instruments uses the principle of air pressure? I A fountain pen II A vacuum cleaner III A syringe IV A stethoscope A I and III only C I,II and III only B II and IV only D I,II,III and IV Why is the gas stored under high pressure in a cylinder? A It is easy to compress the gas B It is easy to store compress gases

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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2009 PMR

MODULE 11 SCIENCE

C Only cylinders can be used to store gas D Cylinder makes the gas lighter 9 Why does water boils at a temperature lower than 100C at the top of a mountain? I The surrounding temperature is cold II The air pressure is less III Water molecules escape from the liquid easily A B C D II only III only II and III only I,II and III

10 The layer of air above the earth exerts a pressure on all objects on the surface of the earth. Why dont we feel this pressure? I Our bodies are specially adapted to this pressure. II The blood in our arteries exerts a similar pressure III Air pressure is only exerted on non-living things A B C D I only I and II only II and III only I,II and III

11 A balloon filled with hydrogen increases in size as it rises into the air. This is due to . A. the rubber balloon becoming weaker. B. the temperature of the hydrogen in the balloon increasing C. air pressure in the atmosphere gradually decreasing D. air in the atmosphere diffusing into the balloon. 12 Which of the following involved use the application of air pressure? Clearing a blocked pipe using a plunger Pouring out condensed milk from a can Hanging objects on a tile wall using a rubber sucker. A. I and II only C. II and III only B. I and III only D. I, Ii, III

13. Air pressure may be defined as A. the force of air acting on one square unit. B. the weight of 1 m of air C. the mass of air acting on a surface D. the kinetic energy present in the air molecules. 14. A ping-pong ball placed in hot water returns to its original shape. This is because A. The ball is made up of an elastic material. B. The air pressure in the ball is increased

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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2009 PMR

MODULE 11 SCIENCE

C. The hot water pulls the material of the ball outwards D. The air particles in the ball have become bigger. 15. Gases stored under high pressure in cylinders include I. cooking gas II. carbon dioxide III. ammonia A. I, II and III B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I only SECTION B

Figure 1 1. Figure 1 shows a hot air balloon . (a) ( i ) What can be said about pressure in the balloon and pressure in the Atmosphere ? ______________________________________________________[ 1 mark ] ( ii ) Explain how the hot air balloon rises up ? _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ [ 2 marks ]

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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2009 PMR

MODULE 11 SCIENCE

Figure 2 (b) ( i ) The cardboard does not fall when the glass of water is inverted. Why ? ____________________________________________________ [ 1 mark ] ( ii ) Does the air pressure act on the cardboard only or at all direction ? ___________________________________________________ [ 1 mark ] ( iii ) How would you describe air pressure ? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________[ 2 marks ]

Figure 3 2. (a) The experiment shows that the effect of force on pressure. The brick stones used are identical. ( i ) Which brick stone sinks deeper ? _________________________________________________ [ 1 mark ] ( ii ) Explain why brick stone Y sinks deeper ? _______________________________________________ [ 1 mark ] ( iii ) What inference can be made from your observation ?

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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2009 PMR

MODULE 11 SCIENCE

_______________________________________________ [ 1 mark ] (b) ( i) Define pressure . ________________________________________________ [ 1 mark ] 3. (a) Name three devices which make use of air pressure. i. ____________________________ iI. ____________________________ iii. ____________________________ (b) In what state is the insecticide in aerosol? ___________________________________________________ (c ) Name another substance that can be purchased in an aerosol. ___________________________________________________ (d) State one precaution you should take when using an aerosol. ___________________________________________________ [ 1 mark ] [ 1 mark ] [ 1 mark ] [3 marks]

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