Important Formulae_for website_for CAT2012 students

Page 1 of 11

IMPORTANT FORMULAE
RATIO PROPORTION VARIATION 1. If a : b : : c : d, then ad = bc 2. If a : b : : c : d, then a + b : b : : c + d : d 3. If a : b : : c : d, then a b : b : : c d : d 4. If a : b : : c : d, then a + b : a b : : c + d : c d

5. If a = c = e = .......... k , then k = a c e......... b d f ......... b d f NUMBERS 1. a3 + b3 + c3 3abc = (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca) 2. The product of n consecutive integers is always divisible by n! (n factorial) 3. The sum of any number of even numbers is always even 4. The sum of even number of odd numbers is always even 5. The sum of odd number of odd numbers is always odd 6. If N is a composite number such that N = ap . bq . cr .... where a, b, c are prime factors of N and p, q, r .... are positive integers, then a) the number of factors of N is given by the expression (p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1) ... b) it can be expressed as the product of two factors in 1/2 {(p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1).....} ways c) if N is a perfect square, it can be expressed (i) as a product of two DIFFERENT factors in 1/2 {(p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1) ... 1 } ways (ii) as a product of two factors in 1/2 {(p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1) ... +1} ways

d) sum of all factors of N =

a p +1 1 b q +1 1 c r +1 1 . . ............. a 1 b 1 c 1

e) it can be expressed as a product of two co-primes in 2n1 ways, where n is the number of different prime factors of the given number N f) the number of co-primes of N (< N), (N) = N 1 1 a

1 b

1 ............ c

http://www.time4education.com/CAT_Important_formulaes/CAT_Important_Formulae.asp

8/8/2012

Important Formulae_for website_for CAT2012 students

Page 2 of 11

g) sum of the numbers in (e) = N . ( N) 2 SIMPLE INTEREST AND COMPOUND INTEREST I = Interest, P is Principle, A = Amount, n = number of years, r is rate of interest

1. Interest under
a) Simple interest, I = Pnr 100

b) Compound interest, I = P

1+

r 100

2. Amount under
a) Simple interest, A = P 1 + nr 100 b) Compound interest, A = P 1 + r 100
n

3. Effective rate of interest when compounding is done k times a year

k

re = 1 +

r k 100

MIXTURES AND ALLIGATION 1. If p1, p2 and p are the respective concentrations of the first mixture, second mixture and the final mixture respectively, and q1 and q2 are the quantities of the first and the second mixtures respectively, then Weighted Average (p)

p = ( p 1q 1 + p 2 q 2 ) (q 1 + q 2 ) 2. If C is the concentration after a dilutions, V is the original volume and x is the volume of liquid. Replaced each time then

http://www.time4education.com/CAT_Important_formulaes/CAT_Important_Formulae.asp

8/8/2012

Important Formulae_for website_for CAT2012 students

Page 3 of 11

C=

Vx V

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 1. If a, b and c are all rational and x + y is an irrational root of ax2 + bx + c = 0, then x y is the other root

2. If and are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, then + = b and = c a a 3. When a > 0, ax + bx + c has a minimum value equal to 4ac b , at x = b 4a 2a

4. When a < 0, ax + bx + c has a maximum value equal to 4ac b , at x = b 4a 2a PROGRESSIONS Arithmetic Progression (A.P) a is the first term, d is the last term and n is the number of terms 1. Tn = a + (n 1)d

2. Sn = (First term + last term) n = (2a + (n 1)d ) n 2 2

3. Tn = Sn Sn1 4. Sn = A.M n Geometric Progression (G.P) a is the first term, r is the common ratio and n is the number of terms 5. Tn = arn1

n 6. Sn = r (last term) (first term) = a(r 1) r 1 r 1

http://www.time4education.com/CAT_Important_formulaes/CAT_Important_Formulae.asp

8/8/2012

Important Formulae_for website_for CAT2012 students

Page 4 of 11

Harmonic Progression (H.P)

7. H.M of a and b = 2ab a+b 8. A.M > G.M > H.M 9. (G.M)2 = (A.M) (H.M)

10. Sum of first n natural numbers n = n(n + 1) 2 11. Sum of squares of first n natural numbers n2 = n(n + 1) (2n + 1) 6
2

12. Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers n3 = n(n + 1) 2

= ( n) 2

GEOMETRY 1. In a triangle ABC, if AD is the angular bisector, then AB = BD AC DC 2. In a triangle ABC, if E and F are the points of AB and AC respectively and EF is parallel to BC, then

AE AF = AB AC
3. In a triangle ABC, if AD is the median, then AB2 + AC2 = 2(AD2 + BD2) 4. In parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus and square, the diagonals bisect each other 5. Sum of all the angles in a polygon is (2n 4)90

6. Exterior angle of a polygon is 360 n 7. Interior angle of a polygon is 180 360 n

http://www.time4education.com/CAT_Important_formulaes/CAT_Important_Formulae.asp

8/8/2012

Important Formulae_for website_for CAT2012 students

Page 5 of 11

8. Number of diagonals of a polygon is n ( n 3) 2 9. The angle subtended by an arc at the centre is double the angle subtended by the arc in the remaining part of the circle 10. Angles in the same segment are equal 11. The angle subtended by the diameter of the circle is 90 MENSURATION 1. Plane figures Figure

Perimeter

Area

Triangle

=a+b+c

s(s a ) (s b) (s c) 1 bh 2

c h b

Right angled triangle

a+b+
a 2 + b2

1 ab 2

a b

+b

Equilateral triangle

3a

3 2 a 4

a a

3 2

a
a

Isoceles triangle

2a + b

b 4a 2 b 2 4

a b

Circle

2r

r 2

Sector of a

r + 2r 360

http://www.time4education.com/CAT_Important_formulaes/CAT_Important_Formulae.asp

8/8/2012

circle ( is in degrees)

Square

4a

a2

a a a l a

Rectangle

2(l + b)

lb

Trapezium

a+b+c+d

( a + b) h

h b

Parallelogram

2(a + b)

bh or absin

h b

2. Solids Figure Lateral Surface Area

4a2

Total Surface Area

6a2

Volume

Cube

a3

Cuboid

2h(l + b)

2(lb + bh + lh)

lbh

h b

r h

Important Formulae_for website_for CAT2012 students

Page 7 of 11

Cylinder

2rh

2r(r + h)

r2h

Cone

rl

r(l + r)

1 r2h 3

h r

Sphere

4r2

4 r3 3

Hemisphere

2 r 2

3r2

2 r3 3

Right prism (i) Equilateral triangular prism 3ah 3ah + 3 2 a 2 3 2 a h 4

a a a h

(ii) Square prism

4ah

2a(2h + a)

a 2h

a h

(iii) Hexagonal Prism

6ah

3a

3 a + 2h 2

3 3a 2 h 2

l(R + l)

l=
(R r ) + h
2 2

h R

(R2 + Rr + r2)

Frustum of a Pyramid

1 Perimeter 2 of

L.S.A + A1 + A2

A1

1 h 2

h A2

http://www.time4education.com/CAT_Important_formulaes/CAT_Important_Formulae.asp

Frustum of a cone

(R2 + r2 + Rl + rl)

1 h 3

r l

8/8/2012

Important Formulae_for website_for CAT2012 students

Page 8 of 11

base Slant height

Torus

42ra

2 2r 2a

a r

HIGHER MATHS I (PERMUTATIONS & COMBINATIONS, PROBABILITY) 1. n (A B) = n (A) + n (B) n (A B) 2. If A and B are two tasks that must be performed such that A can be performed in '' p ways and for each possible way of performing A, say there are '' q ways of performing B, then the two tasks A and B can be performed in p q ways 3. The number of ways of dividing (p + q) items into two groups containing p and q items respectively is ( p + q )! p! q!

4. The number of ways of dividing 2p items into two equal groups of p each is (2p )! , when the two groups ( p! ) 2 have distinct

identity and

(2p )!
2!(p!)
2

, when the two groups do not have distinct identity

5. nCr = nCn r 6. The total number of ways in which a selection can be made by taking some or all out of (p + q + r + .....) items where p are alike of one kind, q alike of a second kind, r alike of a third kind and so on is {(p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1) ....} 1

7. P(Event) = Number of favourable cases and 0 P(Event) 1 Total number of cases 8. P(A B) = P(A) P(B), if A and B are independent events 9. P(A B) = 1, if A and B are exhaustive events

http://www.time4education.com/CAT_Important_formulaes/CAT_Important_Formulae.asp

8/8/2012

Important Formulae_for website_for CAT2012 students

Page 9 of 11

10. Expected Value =

i

[Probability (Ei)] [Monetary value associated with event Ei]

HIGHER MATHS II (STATISTICS, NUMBER SYSTEMS, INEQUALITIES & MODULUS, SPECIAL EQUATIONS) 1. G.M. = (x1 x2 ...... .xn)1/n

2. H.M. =

n 1 1 1 + + .......... + x1 x 2 xn

3. For any two positive numbers a, b (i) A.M. G.M. H.M. (ii) (G.M.)2 = (A.M.) (H.M.) 4. Range = Maximum value Minimum value 5. Q.D. = | Q 3 Q1 | (i.e., one-half the range of quartiles) 2 6. If a > b, 1 < 1 , for any two positive numbers a and b a b 7. |x + y| |x| + |y|, for any two real numbers x and y 8. If for two positive values a and b; a + b = constant (k), then the maximum value of the product ab is obtained for a=b=

k 2

9. If for two positive values a and b; ab = constant (k), then the minimum value of the sum (a + b) is obtained for a=b=
k

HIGHER MATHS III (CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY, FUNCTIONS & GRAPHS, TRIGONOMETRY)

http://www.time4education.com/CAT_Important_formulaes/CAT_Important_Formulae.asp

8/8/2012

Important Formulae_for website_for CAT2012 students

Page 10 of 11

1. If a point P(x, y) divides the line segment joining A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) in the ratio m : n, then x = and y
my2 ny1 = m n , positive sign for internal division and negative sign for external division

2. The area of a triangle with the vertices at (0, 0), (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is = 1 x y x y 1 2 2 1 2 3. The coordinates of the centroid C(x, y) of a triangle ABC formed by joining the points A(x1, y1); B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3) are

given by

x1 + x 2 + x 3 y1 + y 2 + y 3 , 3 3

4. The slope of line with points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) lying on it is m = y 2 y1 x 2 x1 5. If m1 and m2 are the slopes of two lines L1 and L2 respectively, then the angle between them is given by

tan =

m1 m2 1 + m1m2

6. The equation of the x-axis is y = 0 and that of y-axis is x = 0 7. The equation of a line parallel to x-axis is of the form y = b and that of a line parallel to y-axis is of the form x = a (a and b are some constants) 8. Point slope form of a line: y y1 = m (x x1)

9. Two point form of a line: y y1 = y 2 y1 x x1 x 2 x1 10. Slope intercept form of a line: y = mx + b

11. Intercept form of a line : x + y = 1 a b 12. Two lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 are

http://www.time4education.com/CAT_Important_formulaes/CAT_Important_Formulae.asp

8/8/2012

Important Formulae_for website_for CAT2012 students

Page 11 of 11

(i) parallel if a1 = b1 or m1= m2 a 2 b2 (ii) perpendicular if a1 a2 + b1 b2 = 0 or m1 m2 = 1

13. The distance between two parallel lines of the form ax + by +c1 = 0 and ax + by + c2 = 0 is given by
c1 c 2 a2 + b2

14. If ax + by + c = 0 is the equation of a line, then the perpendicular distance of a point (x1, y1) from the line is given by

ax1 + by1 + c a2 + b2
15. sine rule :

a b c = 2R, where R is the circumradius of triangle ABC = = sin A sin B sin C

2 2 2 16. cosine rule : cosA = b + c a , similarly cosB and cosC can be defined 2bc

Errata: Formula for Area of a Parallelogram has been corrected on 28/10/2011

http://www.time4education.com/CAT_Important_formulaes/CAT_Important_Formulae.asp

8/8/2012