Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Brick walls are probably the most common building elements in construction of a house in India. These walls form basic units for creating rooms that make up a house. The walls besides being space dividers are also structural elements that transfer the load of the roof to the ground. Brick walls are constructed on strip spread or raft foundations that support the walls. The walls are constructed using bricks and mortar. These can also be constructed with various structural qualities and thicknesses.
Brickwork
Brick walls are constructed by joining bricks with cement mortar in arrangements called English Bond, Flemish Bond or Rat Trap Bond. These bonds give different external appearances to the wall. All construction systems of brick walls are such devised that vertical cross joints in any layers are staggered. The bricks thus bonded form a solid mass that does not split when the wall is loaded with live loads and dead loads.
First class brick work Second class brick work Third class brick work
Second class bricks work is made by using second class bricks and cement mortar. These bricks also have the property of first class bricks but are not very regular or even in shape. These bricks should not be used for load bearing walls for more than two storey buildings. Second class bricks have minimum crushing strength 70.kg per sq. meter.
Mortar
Mortar is a mix used to bind brick, stone etc to each other. It can thus be seen as a binding material that bonds bricks, stones to make a wall or for cladding purpose. Normally cement mortar is used in brickwork in present day construction though lime mortar can also be used but it requires superior craftsmanship and is hence infrequently used.
Cement Mortar
Cement mortar is a mix of cement and sand with water. The cement is binding material which requires sand as a filler material. This cement mortar mix in wet state is plastic and binds two materials when it dries. Mortar is generally defined as 1:2 or 1:3 or 1:7 etc. This means that one part of cement is mixed with 2, 3 or 7 parts of sand.
The mix should be made on a dry, clean, flat surface. The mix should be as per specifications. The mix should be by volume. The quantity of water should be such that the mix can be easily spread over bricks or applied on a vertical surface. Water more then required quantity may spoil the mix and it can reduce the strength of masonry. The mix should be used within half an hour of its preparation.
These walls take the load of super structure and transmit it to the ground through
foundation. These can also serve the purpose of dividing the space into required rooms etc. These are also accommodating door and windows where required. These are of 9 or more thickness. Such walls are made in first class bricks and rich mortar.
Super Structure:
The word super structure used in construction work means/denotes following.
Brick work from DPC level to the roof level/slab level. If columns provided in drawings then RCC columns to be laid. Rain water pipe is to be embedded in walls. Fixing doors, windows and ventilators frames in walls. RCC (Reinforced Beam & slab for roof) including M S Steel bars according to the designs. Tile terracing lay with brick tiles on the top of the roof slab. Fixing doors and windows shutters. Fixing cupboard in the rooms and Kitchen etc. Fixing iron grills for safety of the house. Providing cement plaster on ceiling and walls. Laying floors including base coat.