==== Routers are primarily responsible for interconnecting networks by: Determining the best path to send packets

Forwarding packets toward their destination ==== WAN DB-60 port supports five cabling standards - also called five-in-one serial port . DCE-service provider (CSU/DSU device) DTE-attached device (router) Can perform on a moderm or CSU/DSU DCE cable - Female connector DTE cable - Male connector To check if DCE or DTE R1#show controllers serial 0/0/0 ==== Straight-through cables are used for: Switch-to-router Switch-to-PC Hub-to-PC Hub-to-server ==== Crossover cables are used for: Switch-to-switch PC-to-PC Switch-to-hub Hub-to-hub Router-to-router Router-to-server ======= LAN - RJ-45 CONNECTOR FOR UTP cable, Straight-through and Crossover Uses pings 1,2,3, and 6 for data. ======= #no shut on interface 1st position goes to up (means interface is properly connected physically) 2nd position goes to up (means Data Link layer is operational, WAN interfaces re quire clock rate in order to be up) =========== To keep unsolicited output separate from command input R1(config-if)#logging synchronous ==== Configuring a Serial Interface R1(config)#interface serial 0/0/0 R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown REmove IP address on an interface R1(config-if)#no ip address ==== Verify changes to routing table R1#debug ip routing Disable debugging R1#undebug all ==== CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) Network monitoring and troubleshooting tool, get info about directly connected C isco devices. It's a layer 2 protocol. Switch is layer 2 device. ==== CDP provides the following information: Device identifiers - For example, the configured host name of a switch Address list - Up to one Network layer address for each protocol supported Port identifier - The name of the local and remote port-in the form of an ASCII character string such as ethernet0 Capabilities list - For example, whether this device is a router or a switch Platform - The hardware platform of the device; for example, a Cisco 7200 series router ==== CDP commands R1#show cdp neighbors R1#show cdp neighbors detail If you need to disable CDP globally, for the entire device, use this command: Router(config)#no cdp run If you want to use CDP but need to stop CDP advertisements on a particular inter face, use this command: Router(config-if)#no cdp enable ==== Recursive lookup When the router has to perform multiple lookups in the routing table before forw arding a packet, it is performing a process known as a recursive lookup. ==== Set static IP with #ip route Router(config)#ip route network-address subnet-mask {ip-address | exit-interface } Modifying Static Routes ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2

no ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2 ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 serial 0/0/0 ==== It is more efficient for the routing table lookup process to have static routes with exit interfaces. For P2P networks - Best to configure static routes with only the exit interface. For ethernet network - Best to configure the static routes with both the next-ho p address and the exit-interface. ==== 2.5.4 ==== Route summarization Multiple static routes can be summarized into a single static route if: The destination networks can be summarized into a single network address, and The multiple static routes all use the same exit-interface or next-hop IP addres s ==== Configuring a Default Static Route Instead of routers having to store routes for all of the networks in the Interne t, they can store a single default route to represent any network that is not in the routing table. Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 [exit-interface | ip-address ] "quad-zero" route. ==== Verify a default static route R1#show ip route S* 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 the asterisk indicates that this static route is a candidate default route A /0 mask indicates that zero or no bits are needed to match. As long as a more specific match doesn't exist, the default static route will match all packets. ==== Study 2.7.1 ==== Connectivity Troubleshooting Tools ping traceroute show ip route show ip interface brief show cdp neighbors details