Symbols

Area, m2 or ft2 Mass hold-up, kg Impeller blade width, m Capacity Corrosion allowance, m Specific heat capacity, kiln inside diameter (m) Impeller Disc diameter, m Impeller diameter, m Diameter of the tank, m Discharge depth Efficiency of the joints Factor considered in section reduction, (equal to 1, for constant diameter) Percent occupied by solid (10-15)% Specific gravity of the liquid Gate factor Hot inlet air flow rate,

Hot outlet air flow rate,

Gravitational acceleration, 9.81 Hopper gate length Humidity of the inlet air Humidity of the outlet air Height of the tank

Average value from dry biomass reaction Beam components of solar radiation Diffuse components of solar radiation Thermal conductivity of the material of which the cylinder is made of Kiln length (m) Mass of the binder Mass of the char Mass of the cooled Activated Carbon Mass of the dewatered Activated Carbon Mass of the distillate Mass of the dried Activated Carbon Mass of the dry Sugarcane Bagasse

Mass of the Granulated Activated Carbon Mass of the hot gas Mass of the HCl Mass of the HCl with ash present Mass of the hot Activated Carbon Mass of the water being feed Mass of the water that is being out Mass of the moisture present Mass of the pellets Mass of the shred Sugarcane Bagasse Mass of the steam Mass of the washed Activated Carbon Mass of the wet Sugarcane Bagasse Impeller speed; assume of

Power number; 1.65 for a six flat blade impeller Rotating speed Number of flights Maximum allowable internal preesure, kPa

Atmospheric pressure, 101,325 Kiln slope (varies from 2-6) Total heat required for heating Rate of the absorbed solar energy by the bagasse pulp Rate of heat transfer by natural convection between the bagasse and air Rate of heat transfer by radiation Total heat requirements Heat needed by the water to raise to the temperature of its boiling point Heat needed to vaporize the water forming vapour Inside radius of the shell, m Inside radius of the cylinder, m Maximum allowable working stress, kPa Average ambient temperature Maximum temperature during drying by natural convection Inlet temperature of water, Outlet temperature of water, Inlet temperature of solid, Outlet temperature of solid,

Temperature of the inside surface, Temperature of the outside surface, Logarithmic Temperature, Residence time (min) Thickness of spherical dished head Shell thickness of the tank Temperature Difference, Overall heat transfer coeffient Peripheral speed of shell, m/s Volume of the tank Baffle width Average wind speed Total weight of rotating parts of dryer, kg Mass fraction of water in the sample Impeller distance from tank bottom Static liquid depth

Greek letters

Stefan Boltzmann constant; Latent heat of vaporization, Density, or

Density of liquid Angular velocity, Angle of repose of material () Holding time, min