Ray Optics

Level 1
1. If an object is not symmetrically placed between the two plane mirrors, inclined at an angle of 40
0
, then the
total number of images formed as
A. infinite B. 7 C. 8 D. 9
2. A man of height 180 cm is standing in front of a plane mirror. His eyes are at a height of 170 cm from the floor.
What should be the minimum length of the plane mirror for the man to see his full length image?
A. 180 cm B. 170 cm C. 90 cm D. 85 cm
3. Two adjacent walls of a big room are mirror surfaced. A man standing at a large distance in front of one
moving horizontally with a speed of 3 m/s. Another man standing in front of the other mirror, at a large
distance, observes the image to be moving with a speed of 5 m/s. What is the actual speed of the insect?
A. 3 m/s B. 5 m/s C. s / m 15 D. s / m 34
4. A man moves towards a plane mirror with a velocity v in a direction making an angle with the normal to the
mirror. The amplitude of velocity of the image relative to man normal to the mirror will be
A. 2v B.
sin
v 2
C. 2v sin D. 2v cos
5. A virtual object situated between the pole and the principal focus of a convex mirror produces an image which
is
A. real, diminished and inverted B. virtual, diminished and upright
C. real, magnified ad upright D. virtual, diminished and inverted
6. A convex mirror has a focal length f. A real object is placed at a distance f in front of it from the pole, produces
an image at
A. infinity B. f C. 2f D. f/2
7. A concave mirror of focal length f produces an image p times the size of the object. If the image is real, then
the distance of the object from the mirror is
A. (p 1)f B. (p + 1)f C. f
p
1 p
|
|

\
|
D. f
p
1 p
|
|

\
| +

8. A person standing up in front of a mirror finds his upright image larger than himself. This implies that the
mirror is
A. convex and spherical B. convex and cylindrical with axis horizontal
C. convex and cylindrical with axis vertical D. concave
9. Two plane mirrors are placed perpendicular to each other. A ray of light incident on one mirror at an angle of
incidence such that the ray finally reflects from the second mirror. Then the finally reflected ray will be
A. inclined at an angle 2 with that incident on the first mirror
B. inclined at an angle (90 - ) with the incident on the first mirror
C. parallel to that incident on the first mirror
D. perpendicular to that incident on the first mirror
10. How far should an object be held from a concave mirror of focal length 40 cm so as to obtain a virtual image
twice the size of the object?
A. 10 cm B. 20 cm C. 50 cm D. 60 cm
11. A ray of light is incident on a prism of refracting angle 60
0
and refractive index of the material of prism 2 . At
what angle the ray must be incident on the prism so that it suffers a minimum deviation
A. 30
0
B. 45
0
C. 60
0
D.
|
|

\
|

3
1
1
sin
12. The refractive index of glass is 1.6. A light beam of wavelength 6400 in air has a wavelength in glass equal
to
A. 4000 B. 4233 C.
5 1
6 1 6400
.
.
D. 10240
13. A crown glass prism of refractive index 1.6 is immersed in water (refractive index of water = 1.2). A light beam
incident normally (figure) on the face BC is totally reflected to reach the face AC if
A. |

\
|

3
2
sin
1
B. |

\
|

4
3
cos
1

C. |

\
|

4
3
sin
1
D. |

\
|
< < |

\
|

4
3
sin
3
2
sin
1 1

14. A glass slab of thickness 6 cm contains the same number of waves as 10 cm thick water layer when the same
monochromatic beam of light is allowed to incident on them. If the absolute value of refractive index of water
is 4/3, what will be absolute value of refractive index of glass?
A. 5/3 B. 20/9 C. 4/3 D. 1.5
15. When light enters from a denser medium to a rarer medium at an angle of incidence , the reflected and
refracted lights goes in mutually perpendicular directions. The critical angle is
A. sin
-1
(cos ) B. sin
-1
(tan ) C. sin
-1
(cot ) D. sin
-1
(1)
16. A ray of light traveling horizontally is incident on a transparent sphere ) 3 ( = . If it emerges from the other
end of the parallel diameter, the angle of incidence will be
A. 30
0
B. 60
0
C.
|
|

\
|

3
1
sin
1
D.
|
|

\
|

3
1
cos
1

A
C B

Water
17. A thin biconvex lens has focal length 30 cm. The lens is immersed in water of refractive index 4/3. The
refractive index for the material of lens is 1.5. The focal length of the lens in water is
A. 30 cm B. 7.5 cm C. 15 cm D. 120 cm
18. A convex lens shown in the figure is made up of two types of transparent materials. A point source of light is
placed on its principal axis. If reflections from the boundaries between layers are ignored, the lens will form
A. only one image B. two images
C. infinite images D. no image at all
19. A simple microscope uses
A. a convex lens of large focal length B. a concave lens of large focal length
C. a convex lens of small focal length D. a concave lens of small focal length
20. A person cannot see objects clearly beyond 50 cm. The power of the lens to correct the vision is
A. + 2D B. 2D C. 0.5 D D. 0.5 D
21. The aperature of a telescope objective is increased to produce
A. large image B. larger resolving power
C. smaller chromatic aberration D. smaller spherical aberration
22. If a Galilean telescope has objective and eyepiece of focal lengths 200 cm and 4 cm respectively, the
magnifying power of the telescope for the person of normal vision is
A. 42 B. 50 C. 84 D. 100
23. In Q. 22, the length of the telescope for the person of normal vision is
A. 195.26 cm B. 196 cm C. 204 cm D. 200 cm
24. How many images are formed by the lens shown in the figure, if an object is placed on its axis?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
25. Two plane mirrors M
1
and M
2
each of length 1 m are placed parallel to each other with their mirror surfaces
facing, as shown in the figure. The separation between the mirrors is 1 cm. If a ray of light incidents on one end
of mirror M
2
at an angle of incidence 45
0
, how many reflections the ray will make before going out from the
other end?
A. 50
B. 51
C. 100
D. 101
2 1
1 m
1 cm
45
0
26. In a lamp and scale arrangement, a light spot reflects from a plane mirror and falls on a scale 1.5 m from the
mirror. When the mirror is rotated to a small angle, the spot moves a distance 4 cm on the horizontal scale. The
angle through which the mirror is rotated is
A. 1.53
0
B. 2.67
0
C. 3.14
0
D. 0.39
0

27. A plane mirror is placed in a yz-plane facing towards x-axis. The mirror is moving parallel to y-axis with a
speed of 5 cm/s. A point object is moving in front of the mirror with a velocity k

5 j

4 i

3 v + + + =

. The
velocity of the image with respect to the plane mirror is
A. s / cm k

5 j

4 i

3 v =

B. s / cm k

5 j

4 i

3 v + =

C. s / cm k

5 j

4 i

3 v + + =

D. s / cm k

5 j

4 i

3 v + =

28. A short linear object of length b lies along the axis o a concave mirror of focal length f at a distance u from the
pole of the mirror. The size of the image is numerically equal to
A.
2 / 1
f
f u
b |

\
|
B.
2 / 1
f u
f
b |

\
|

C. |

\
|
f
f u
b D.
2
f u
f
b |

\
|

29. A mirror produces on a screen an image of the sun 2 cm in diameter. If the suns disc subtends an angle 0.1
radian on the surface of the earth, then the radius of curvature of the mirror will be
A. 20 cm B. 40 cm C. 200 cm D. 400 cm
30. A small strip of plane mirror A is set with its plane normal to the principal axis of a convex mirror B and placed
10 cm n front of B which it partly covers. An object is placed 20 cm from A and the two virtual images formed
by reflection in A and B coincide without parallax. Find the radius of curvature of B
A. 20 cm B. 22.5 cm C. 27.5 cm D. 30 cm
31. A fish looking up through the water sees the outside world contained in a circular horizon. If the refractive
index of water is 4/3 and the fish is 12 cm below the surface of water, what is the radius of the circle?
A.
5
3
12 B. 5 3 12 C.
7
3
12 D.
7
3 12

32. A U shaped wire is placed in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm as shown in the figure. The
total length of the image of the wire ABCD is nearly
A. 2.5 cm
B. 6 cm
C. 12.5 cm
D. 15 cm
33. A diver of a motor car A sees the image of another car B in the mirror of focal length 20 cm. The car B is 2 m
broad and 1 m high and is actually 4 m behind the car A. The size of the image of car B as seen in the mirror of
car A is
A. breadth = ; m
11
2
height = m
11
1
B. breadth = ; m
21
2
height = m
21
1

5cm
A D
B C
30cm 10cm
C. breadth = ; m
11
4
height = m
11
2
D. breadth = ; m
21
4
height = m
21
4

34. In Q. 33, if the car B is overtaking the car A at the relative speed of
20 m/s, what will be the speed of the image?
A. s / m
) 11 (
20
2
B. s / m
) 21 (
20
2
C. s / m
) 11 (
10
2
D. s / m
) 21 (
10
2

35. A fish F in the pond is at a depth of a 0.8 m from the surface of water )
3
4
(
water
= and is moving vertically
upwards with velocity 2 m/s. At the same instant a bid B is at a height of 6 m from the water surface ad is
moving vertically downwards with velocity 3 m/s. If at this instant both are on the same vertical line as shown
in the figure, then this instant, the height of B, observed by F (from itself)
A. 6.8 m
B. 6.6 m
C. 5.3 m
D. 8.8 m
36. In Q. 35, the velocity of B, observed by F (relative to itself) is
A. 4.5 m/s B. 5.0 m/s C. 5.5 m/s D. 6.0 m/s
37. In Q./ 35, the velocity of F, observed by B (relative to itself) is
A. 4.5 m/s B. 5.0 m/s C. 5.5 m/s D. 6.0 m/s
38. A rectangular glass block of thickness 10 cm and refractive index 1.5 is placed over a small coin. A beaker ifs
filled with water of refractive index 4/3 to a height of 10 cm and is placed over the glass block. When the coin
is viewed at normal incidence, the apparent position of the coin is
A. 18.33 cm B. 20.0 cm C. 14.17 cm D. 23.33 cm
39. A crown glass prism of refractive indices for red and violet rays 1.514 and 1.523 respectively has a prism angle
10
0
. The angular dispersion produced by this prism will be
A. 0.03
0
B. 0.06
0
C. 0.09
0
D. 0.12
0

40. An object is placed at 8 cm from the upper face of a glass slab of thickness 6 cm. The lower face of the slab is
silvered as shown in the figure. If the refractive index of the material of slab is 1.5, find the position of the
image
A. 6 cm behind the silvered face
B. 8 cm behind the silvered face
C. 10 cm behind the silvered face
D. 4 cm behind the silvered face
41. For a thin convex lens which one of the following best represents object distance u versus real image distance
v-graph?
A. B. C. D.
Water
0.8 m
0.6 m
3 m/s
Air
2 m/s
F
O
= 1.5
6 cm
8 cm
v v v v



42. If u and v represents the object and real image distances respectively for a thin convex lens, then the sloe tan ,
in the adjoining graph represents
A. the focal length f of the lens
B. the reciprocal of the focal length of lens
C. f
2

D. 1/f
2

43. An achromatic prism is made by combining two prisms P
1
(
F
= 1.532 and
C
= 1.515) and P
2
(
F
= 1.666 and
refractive indices of the flint and crown glasses of the prisms respectively. If the angle of prism P
1
is 10
0
, the
angle of prism P
2
will be
A. 20
0
B. 10.6
0
C. 8.4
0
. 5
0
Answers
1. D 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. C
6. D 7. D 8. D 9. C 10. B
11. B 12. A 13. C 14. B 15.
16. B 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. B
21. B 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. D
26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. D
31. D 32. B 33. B 34. B 35. D
36. D 37. A 38. C 39. C 40. C
41. B 42. B 43. D

Solutions Level 1
1. Here, n 9
40
360 360
= = =

. This is an odd number and the object is placed on the bisector of the angle between
the mirrors. Hence, the number of images is n 1 = 4.
3. Let the insect is at the position A and is moving with speed v in a direction from x-axis. Mirror M
1
measures
the velocity v
x
= v cos = 3 m/s and mirror M
2
measures the velocity of insect v
y
=
v sin = 5 m/s
Then, s / m 34 ) 5 ( ) 3 ( v
2 2 2
= + =

O
P
u
u/v
4. Velocity of the image of man relative to the man in the direction normal to the mirror is
v cos - (- v cos ) = 2v cos
5. Objects (real or virtual) placed in front of a convex mirror between its pole and focus are magnified.
6. For the convex mirror, Given u = - f
Using mirrors formula,
f
1
u
1
v
1
= +
f
1
f
1
v
1
=

+
2
f
v = (virtual image behind the mirror)
7. Given, magnification p
u
v
O
I
m = = = or v = up
Using mirror, formula
f
1
u
1
v
1
= +
Here the image of the real object is also real therefore v, u and f all are on the negative side. Hence,

f
1
u
1
up
1
=

f
1
1
p
1
u
1
=
|
|

\
|
+ f
p
1 p
u
|
|

\
| +
=
8. The image formed by a concave mirror for an objected placed between its center of curvature and pole is
always magnified.
10. For the virtual image, 2
u
v
m + =

+ = u 2 v =
Using mirrors formula

f
1
u
1
v
1
= +
f
1
u
1
u 2
1

= +

or 2u = - f = - 40 u = - 20 cm
11. In the minimum deviation position of the prism, the refractive index of its material is given by

|

\
|
|

\
|
+
= =
2
A
sin
2
A
sin
r sin
i sin
m

0
0
30 sin 2
2
60
sin 2
2
A
sin i sin =
|
|

\
|
=
|

\
|
=
or
2
1
i sin = i = 45
0

12. Given,
a

g
= 1.6 and
a
= 6400
g
a
a
g
g a

= 4000
6 . 1
6400
g a
a
g
= =

=
13. Given,
g
= 1.6,
w
= 1.2 Then,
2 . 1
6 . 1
w
g
g w
=

=
For the total internal reflection, the angle of incidence i must be greater than the critical angle C.
i.e., i = > C But
g w
1
C sin

=
|

\
|
=
|
|

\
|

=

16
12
sin sin C or
1
g
w 1
|

\
|
=

4
3
sin C
1
Hence, |

\
|
>

4
3
sin
1

14. Given, Number of waves in 6 cm thick glass = Number of waves in 10 cm thick layer of water.

w g
8 6

or
3
5
6
10
g
w
= =

But
3
5
w
g
g
w
=

9
20
3
4
3
5
3
5
w g
= = =
15. + = 90
0
(given)

= =

=
sin
sin
r sin
i sin
2
1
1 2

=
sin
sin
) 90 sin(
sin
0
= tan

=
tan
1
2 1
and critical angle ) (tan sin
1
sin C
1
2 1
1
=
|
|

\
|

=


16. Since, AC = CB r = also i = (r + ) = 2 r
Now, 3
r sin
r 2 sin
r sin
i sin
= = = 3
r sin
r cos r sin 2
=
or
0
30 cos
2
3
r cos = = r = 30
0
and i = 60
0

17. Given,
8
9
3 / 4
5 . 1
w a
g a
g a
= =

=
Focal length of the lens is given by
(

=
2 1
R
1
R
1
) 1 (
f
1

When the lens is in air ) i ( . . . .
R
1
R
1
) 1 5 . 1 (
30
1
2 1
(

=
When lens is inside water ) ii ( . . .
R
1
R
1
1
8
9
' f
1
2 1
(

\
|
=
Dividing equations (i) by (ii),
4
8 / 1
2 / 1
1
8
9
1 5 . 1
30
' f
= =

= f = 120 cm
18. Since the lens is made up of two kinds of transparent material, it has two refractive indices for the incident
beam of light. Hence, there will be two focal lengths of the lens and therefore two images will be observed.
20. The person is suffering with myopia (or near sightedness) in which the person can see near objects but not the
far objects. For him the distance objects (u = - ) must be focussed at the distance to which he can see the
objects distinctly. In the given problem v = - 50 cm. This is called the far point for the person having myopic
defect.
Using lens formula,
u
1
v
1
f
1
= =

=
1
50
1
f
1

This gives f = - 50 cm and the power of the lens
D 2
cm 50
cm 100
p =

=
21. Large aperture of telescope objective covers large number of rays coming from distinct object. This will
increases the resolving power d/D of the objective. Where d is the diameter of the objective and D is the
distance between object and the objective of the telescope.
22. 50
4
200
f
f
M
e
0
= = =
23. Length of the telescope for the final image at infinity,
l = f
0
f
e
= 200 4 = 196 cm
25. The horizontal distance covered by the ray in one reflection between the mirrors = 1 cm.
Number of reflections for a journey of 100 cm horizontal distance = 100.
Total number of reflection including the first one = 100 + 1 = 101.
26.
D
d
2 tan =
When is small
D
d
2 2 tan =
D 2
d
=
100 5 . 1
4

=
radian 10 67 . 2
2
= rees deg 10 67 . 2
180
2

=
14 . 3
10 67 . 2 180
2

= = 1.53
0

27. Mirror is placed in yz-plane and moving along +y-direction. As shown in the figure, only
x-component of the velocity will be reversed y-and z-components remains unaffected. Hence, the correct
choice is C.
28. The object is short in size, therefore the magnification produced by the concave mirror is given by

du
dv
object the of Size
image the of Size
M = =
where du and dv are the small axial width of the image and object repectively.
Using mirrors formula
) i ( . . . .
f
1
u
1
v
1
= +
0
u
1
du
dv
v
1
2 2
= ( focal length of the mirror is fixed)
) ii ( . . . .
u
v
du
dv
M
2
2
= =
And also from equation (i)
f
u
1
v
u
= + or
f
f u
1
f
u
v
u
= =
Magnification
2
2
2
f u
f
u
v
M |

\
|

= =
By definition,
2
f u
f
b
I
object the of Size
image the ot Size
M |

\
|

= = =
29. A real image on the screen is produced. Therefore the mirror used is concave in nature. Further the sun rays
reaching the surface are parallel rays, therefore its image is formed at the focus of the mirror.

radius
arc
= rad 1 . 0
f
2
= =
cm 20
rad 1 . 0
cm 2
f = = and R = 2f = 40 cm
31. If C is the critical angle, then
h
r
C tan = or
C tan
h
r =
But

=
1
C sin
2
1
1
1
C cos
C sin
C tan
|
|

\
|

= =
1
1
2

=
So,
1
h
r
2

= cm
7
3 12
1
3
4
12
2

=
|

\
|
=
32. Focal length of the concave mirror cm 10
2
20
2
R
f =

= =
For the left arm (AB) of the U-tube, u = - 40 cm
and from mirrors formula,
u
1
v
1
f
1
+ =
40
1
v
1
10
1
1

+ =

or cm
3
40
v
1

=
For the right arm (CD) of the U-tube u
2
= - 30 cm
So,
30
1
v
1
10
1
2

+ = v
2
= - 15 cm
Now magnification in AB is AB

3
1
40
3 / 40
u
v
AB
' B ' A
1
1
= = =
3
AB
' B ' A = cm
3
5
=
Also magnification in CD is CD
cm
2
1
30
15
u
v
CD
' D ' C
2
2
= =
)
`

= cm
2
5
2
CD
' D ' C = =
Thus, total length of the image of the wire is
' D ' C ' C ' B ' B ' A + + =
2
5
3
40
15
3
5
+ |

\
|
+ = cm 6
35
2
5
3
5
3
5
= + + =
33. Mirror fitted in the car is convex f = 20 cm; u = - 400 cm,

u
1
v
1
f
1
+ = or
1
cm
400
21
400
1
20
1
u
1
f
1
v
1

=

= = cm
21
400
v =
Magnification M
21
1
400
21 / 400
u
v
object of Size
image of size
= =

=
Breadth of car B ) A car of breadth (
21
1
= m
21
2
2
21
1
= =
Height of car B m
21
1
1
21
1
= =
34. Using mirrors formula,
u
1
v
1
f
1
+ =
Differentiating with respect to time t, taking of constant,
0
dt
du
u
1
dt
dv
.
v
1
2 2
=
Speed of image =
2
2
u
v
= (speed of object)
20
) m 4 (
m
21
4
2
2

\
|
= Speed of image = s / m
) 21 (
20
2

Minus sign indicates that the image of car B is approaching towards the drive of car A.
35. If an object is at a real depth h in the denser (water) medium and is viewed normally from the rare (air)
medium, then it appears at a distance

h
where is the refractive index of denser medium relative to the rare
medium.
When the object is situated in the rare medium and is viewed normally from the denser medium, it appears at a
distance h.
Here, the height of B (rare medium) as observed by F (in denser medium) is
H = 0.8 + h = m 8 . 8 6
3
4
8 . 0 = +
38.
3 / 4
10
5 . 1
10 h h
depth Apparent
2
2
1
1
+ =

= cm 17 . 14
4
30
3
20
= + =
39. A white beam of light inside the prism is dispersed into different colours. The angular dipersion for the extreme
colours, red and violet, is given by
=
V
-
R
= (
V
1) (
R
1) = (
V
-
R
) = (1.523 1.514) 10
0
= 0.09
0

40. For refractive at the first surface ab of the glass slab, v = - 8 1.5 = - 12 cm
The image I
1
(v = - 12 cm) will serve as an object for the plane mirror cd and its virtual image is formed at I
2
at
a distance u
2
[u
2
= - 12 + 6) = - 18 cm] behind the mirror.
This image I
2
will serve as an object for the refracting surface ab for which v = (- 18 + 6) = - 24 cm. The final
image I is formed at a distance v from the face ab.

R
1
1
u
1
v
1

R
1
u v
1
or

=

1
18 v
1
or cm 16
5 . 1
24 18
v or =

=
Thus, the final image I is formed at a distance 16 cm from the refracting face ab which means at a distance 16
6 = 10 cm behind the silvered face cd.
41. For a thin convex lens,

f
1
u
1
v
1
=
uf
f u
u
1
f
1
v
1 +
= + =
f u
uf
v
+
=
For the real image u is negative and v is positive. Therefore

f u
uf
f u
uf
v

=
+

= or
u
f
1
f
v

=
As u increases, the value of v decreases but not linearly.
42. For an achromatic combination of two prisms P
1
and P
2
, the angular dispersions
1
and
2
are numerically equal
to
1
=
2

(
F
-
C
) . A
1
= (
F
-
C
) . A
2
(1.523 1.515) 10
0
= (1.666 1.650)A
2


0
2
5
016 . 0
10 008 . 0
A =

=
Level 2
1. White light is passed through a prism of angle 5
0
. If the refractive indices for red and blue colours are 1.641 and
1.659 respectively, calculate the angle of dispersion between them
A. 0.03
0
B. 0.09
0
C. 0.12
0
D. 0.18
0

2. A ray of light is incident at an angle of 60
0
on one face of a prism which has an angle of 30
0
. The ray emerging
out of the prism makes an angle 30
0
with the incident ray. Then the
A. emergent ray is parallel to the face through which it emerges
B. emergent ray is perpendicular to the face through which it emerges
C. emergent ray makes an angle 45
0
to the face through which it emerges
D. emergent ray makes an angle 60
0
to the face through which it emerges
3. A beam of light consisting of red, green and blue colours is incident on a right angled prism ABC as shown in
the figure. The refractive index of the material of the prism for red, green and blue wavelengths, respectively
are 1.39, 1.44 and 1.47. The prism will
A. separate part of red colour from green and blue colours
B. separate part of blue colour from red and green colours
C. separate part of the three colours from one another
D. not separate even partially any colour from the other two colours
4. Spherical aberration in a thin lens can be reduced by
A. using a monochromatic light B. using a double combination
C. using a circular annular mask over the lens D. increasing the size of the lens
5. An eye specialist prescribes spectacles having a combination of a convex lens of focal length 40 cm in contact
with a concave lens of focal length 25 cm. The power of this lens combination is
A. + 1.5 D B. 1.5 D C. + 6.67 D D. 6.67 D
6. A spherical surface of radius of curvature R separates air (refractive index 1.0) from glass (refractive index
1.5). The centre of curvature is in the glass. A point object P placed in air is found to have a real image Q in the
glass. The line PQ cuts the surface at point O and PO = OQ. The distance PO is equal to
A. 5 R B. 3 R C. 2 R D. 1.5 R
7. A concave lens of glass, refractive index 1.5 has both surfaces of the same radius of curvature R. On immersion
in a medium of refractive index 1.75, it will behave as a
A. convergent lens of focal length 3.5 R B. convergent lens of focal length 3.0 R
C. divergent lens of focal length 3.5 R D. divergent lens of focal length 3.0 R
8. A diverging beam of light from a point source S having divergence angle , falls symmetrically on a glass slab
as shown in figure. The angles of incidence for the two extreme rays are equal. If the thickness of the slab is t
and refractive index is , then the divergence angle of the emergent beam is
A. zero
90
0
45
0
A

B
C


i i
S
B.
C.
|
|

\
|

1
sin
1

D.
|
|

\
|

1
sin 2
1

9. A hollow double concave lens is made of a very thin transparent material. It can be filled with air or either of
two liquids L
1
and L
2
and having refractive indices
1
and
2
respectively
(
2
>
1
> 1). The lens will diverge a parallel beam of light if it is filled with
A. air and placed in air B. air and immersed in L
1

C. L
1
and immersed in L
2
D. L
2
and immersed in L
1

10. A ray of light passes through four transparent media with refractive indices
1
,
2
,
3
and
4
as shown in the
figure. The surfaces of all media are parallel. If the emergent ray CD is parallel to the incident ray AB, we must
have
A.
1
=
2
B.
2
=
3

C.
3
=
4
D.
4
=
1

11. A given ray of light suffers minimum deviation in an equilateral prism P. Additional prisms Q and R of
identical shape and of same material as P are now added as shown in the figure. The ray will now suffer
A. greater deviation B. no deviation
C. same deviation as before D. total internal reflection
12. An observer can see through a pin hole the top end of a thin rod of height h, placed as shown in the figure. The
beaker height is 3h and its radius is h. When the beaker is filled with a liquid upto a height 2h, he can see the
lower end of the rod. Then the refractive index of the liquid is
A.
2
5

B. |

\
|
2
5

C. |

\
|
2
3

D.
2
3

13. The size of the image of an object, which is at infinity as formed by a convex lens of focal length 30 cm is 1.6
cm. If a concave lens of focal length 20 cm is placed between the convex lens and the image at a distance 26
cm from the convex lens, the size of the final image will be
A. 0.8 cm B. 1.2 cm C. 2.0 cm D. 2.4 cm
14. The image formed by an objective of a compound microscope is
A
B
C
D
1 2 3 4
P R
Q
2h
3h
h
2h
A. virtual and diminished B. real and diminished
C. real and enlarged D. virtual and enlarged
15. To get three images of a single object, one should have two plane mirrors at an angle of
A. 60
0
B. 90
0
C. 120
0
D. 30
0

16. A planoconvex lens of refractive index 1.5 and radius of curvature 30 cm is silvered at the curved surface. Now
this lens has been used to form the image of an object. At what distance from this lens, an object be placed in
order to have a real image of the size of the object?
A. 20 cm B. 30 cm C. 60 cm D. 80 cm
17. A fish looking up through the water sees the outside world, contained in a circular horizon. If the refractive
index of water is 4/3 and the fish is 12 cm below the water surface, the radius of this circle in cm is
A. 7 36 B.
7
36
C. 5 36 D. 5 4
18. A thin glass (refractive index 1.5) lens has optical power of 5D in air. Its optical power in a liquid medium
with refractive index 1.6 will be
A. 1 D B. 1D C. 25 D D. 25D
19. The refractive index of glass is 1.520 for red light and 1.525 for blue light. Let D
1
and D
2
be the angles of
minimum deviation for red and blue light respectively in a prism of this glass, then
A. D
1
< D
2

B. D
1
= D
2

C. D
1
can be less tan or greater than D
2
depending upon the angle of prism
D. D
1
> D
2

20. An isosceles prism of prism angle 120
0
has a refractive index of 1.44. Two parallel monochromatic rays enter
the prism parallel to each other in air as shown in figure. The rays emerging from the opposite faces
A. are parallel to each other B. are diverging
C. make an angle 2[sin
-1
(0.72)] with each other
D. make an angle 2[sin
-1
(0.72) 30
0
] with each other
21. A ray of light is incidence at 60
0
on a prism of refracting angle 30
0
. The emerging ray is at an angle 30 with the
incident ray. The value of refractive index of the prism is
A. 2 / 3 B. 4 / 3 C. 3 D. 3 2
22. One of the refracting surfaces of a prism of refractive index 2 is silvered. The angle of the prism is equal to
the critical angle of a medium of refractive index 2. A ray of light incident on the unsilvered surface passes
through the prism and retraces its path after reflection at the silvered face. Then the angle of incidence on the
unsilvered surface is
A. 0
0
B. 30
0
C. 45
0
D. 60
0

1
2
0
0

23. Focal lengths of objects and eyepiece of telescope are 200 cm and 4 cm respectively. What is the length of
telescope for normal adjustment?
A. 196 cm B. 204 cm C. 225 cm D. 250 cm
Answers
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B
6. A 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. D
11. C 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. B
16. A 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. D
21. C 22. C 23. B

Solutions Level 2
1. The angle of dispersion =
b
-
r
where = ( - 1) (for small angled prism)
= (
b
-
r
) = (1.659 1.641) 50
0
= 0.09
0

2. = i + i - A i = A + - i = 30 + 30 60 = 0
This means that the angle of emergence is 0
0
i.e., the emergent ray is perpendicular to the face through which it
emerges.
3. For the normal incidence, the beam refracts through the face AB undeviated and falls on the face AC at an
angle of incidence 45
0
. Now the critical angles for the red, green and blue colours are respectively,

0 1
r
1
r
46
39 . 1
1
sin
1
sin C = |

\
|
=
|
|

\
|

=


0 1
g
1
g
44
44 . 1
1
sin
1
sin C = |

\
|
=
|
|

\
|

=



0 1
b
1
b
43
47 . 1
1
sin
1
sin C = |

\
|
=
|
|

\
|

=


The critical angle for total internal reflection at face AC is 45
0
= C
Here C < C
r
but C > C
b
and also C > C
g

Hence, the blue and green colours get total internally reflected from the face AC while red colour transmits
from the face AC.
4. Spherical aberration is produced due to large focal length of para-axial zones and small focal length of marginal
zones of the lens. This can be reduced b using a circular annular mask (or aperture) AB so that either the
marginal zones or the para-axial zones of the lens are blocked. Further the monochromatic light eliminates the
chromatic aberration. A doublet combination satisfying the condition
2
1
2
1
f
f
=

also minimize chromatic

aberration. Increasing the size of the lens increases its resolving power.
5.
2 1
2 1
f
100
f
100
P P P + = + = where focal length f is in centimetre.
So, D 5 . 1 4 5 . 2
25
100
40
100
P = =

+
+
=
6. For the refraction at a spherical surface

R u v
1 2 2 1

=

Let PO = x, then u = OP = - x and v = PQ = + x

R
0 . 1 5 . 1
x
5 . 1
x
0 . 1
=

or R 5 x
R
5 . 0
x
5 . 2
= =
7. Refractive index of glass with respect to air is
5 . 1
0 . 1
5 . 1
a
g
g a
= =

=
Refractive index of glass with respect to the given medium is
857 . 0
75 . 1
50 . 1
m
g
g m
= =

=
Further, the focal length of the concave lens in air is given by

(

=
2 1
g a
air
R
1
R
1
) 1 (
f
1

R
1
R
1
R
1
) 1 5 . 1 ( =
(

= and that in the medium is

(

=
2 1
g m
medium
R
1
R
1
) 1 (
f
1

R
286 . 0
R
1
R
1
) 1 857 . 0 ( + = |

\
|
+

=
R 5 . 3
286 . 0
R
f or
medium
+ = + =
8. The light rays passing through the transparent slab with parallel faces does not suffer any deviation but only
displaced parallel to itself. Hence, divergence angle of the emergent beam will remain unchanged i.e., same as
that of incident beam.
9. The focal length of the lens is given by
|
|

\
|
=
2 1
2 1
R
1
R
1
) 1 (
f
1

Here
2 1
is the refractive index of the lens material 2 relative to the medium 1 in which lens is placed.
Here, R R and R R ,
2 1
1
2
2 1
+ = =

=
So, |

\
|
+

|
|

\
|

=
R
1
R
1
f
1
1
1 2
[For concave lens]

R
2
1
1 2
|
|

\
|

= or
) ( 2
R
f
1 2
1

=
f will remain negative if
2
>
1
. Where
2
is the refractive index of the medium filled in the lens and
1
that of
medium outside the lens. Since, the refractive index of liquid L
2
is greater than that of liquid L
1
, hence choice D
is correct, where lens is filled with liquid L
2
and immersed in L
1
.
10. If a ray coming through a medium A, passing through different media and finally emerges through the same
medium as that of A, then the final emergent ray appears to be parallel to the incident ray.
11. If a ray incidents on a prism such that it undergoes inside the prism, parallel to the base of the prism, then the
ray suffers minimum deviation.
Since the additional prisms Q and R are identical in shape and of same material as that of P, the refracted ray in
prism P suffers no deviation at the interface between P and Q and also between Q and R. Hence, the ray
emerges out of R suffer the same deviation as that prodcued by the prism P.
13. The convex lens focusses the image AB at 30 cm. Concave lens shift this image to AB. For the concave lens f
= - 20 cm; u = + 4 cm
Using lens formula,

u
i
v
1
f
1
= cm 5 v
4
1
v
1
20
1
= =

Now,
4
5
u
v
AB
' B ' A
= =
4
5
u
v
AB
' B ' A
= =
cm 0 . 2 6 . 1
4
5
) AB (
4
5
' B ' A = = =
15. 3 1
360
n =

=
0
90
4
360
= =
16. When the curved surface of the planoconvex lens is silvered, it behaves as a concave mirror of focal length F
where

2
R
2
F
1
= cm 10
5 . 1 2
30
2
R
F
2
=

=
Further given that the size of the image is equal to the size of the object i.e., magnification
M = 1
But 1
O
I
u
v
M = = = or v = - u
Using lens formula
u
1
v
1
F
1
=
u
2
u
1
u
1
10
1
=

=
u = - 20 cm (This is the real image of the object)
17.
4
3 1
C sin =

= But
4
3
) 12 ( r
r
C sin
2 2
=
+
=

16
9
144 r
r
2
2
=
+
cm
7
36
7
3 12
r or =

=
18. In air, the focal length of the lens is

|
|

\
|
=
(

=
2 1 2 1
g a
a
R
1
R
1
) 1 5 . 1 (
R
1
R
1
) 1 (
f
1
) i (
R
1
R
1
5 . 0
2 1
|
|

\
|
=
In liquid medium, its focal length is

(

=
2 1
g l
l
R
1
R
1
) 1 (
f
1
where
6 . 1
5 . 1
l a
g a
g l
=

=

(

\
|
=
2 1 l
R
1
R
1
5 . 1
6 . 1 5 . 1
f
1
) ii (
R
1
R
1
6 . 1
1 . 0
2 1
|
|

\
|
=
Dividing equation (i) and (ii), we get
8
1 . 0
6 . 1 5 . 0
f
f
a
l
=

=
a l
f 8 f =
But optical power of lens in air is given to be 5D.
Therefore, D 5
f
1
P
a
a
= = or cm 20 cm
5
100
f
a
= =
m 6 . 1 or cm 160 ) 20 ( 8 f
l
= = and the optical power of the lens in the liquid medium is
D 1
6 . 1
6 . 1
f
P
l
l
+ = =

=
19. The angle of minimum deviation for a thin prism is given b D = ( - 1)
Since
blue
>
red
D
blue
> D
red
or D
2
> D
1

20. Deviation produced b the prism is given by = (i
1
+ i
2
) A
Here i
1
= 0 and A = 30
0
and also
44 . 1
r sin
i sin s
2
2
= = since, r
2
= 30
0

sin i
2
= 1.44 sin 30
0
= 0.72 or i
2
= sin
-1
(0.72) = sin
-1
(0.72) - 30
0

If the rays the emerging from the opposite faces at an angle , then
= 2 = 2[sin
-1
(0.72) 30
0
]
21. = i + i A
Here, i = 60
0
, A = 30
0
and = 30
0
i = - i + A = 30
0
60
0
+ 30
0
= 0
0

Thus the ra, emerge normally so that r = 0
0

Since, r + r = A = 30
0
r = 30
0

and 3
2 / 1
2 / 3
30 sin
60 sin
r sin
i sin
0
0
= = = =
22. Critical angle, |

\
|
=
|
|

\
|

=

2
1
sin
1
sin C
1 1
= 30
0
= angle of prism (A)
Since, the ray retraces its path, it incidents on the silvered face normally,
r = 0 since, A = r + r r = A r = 30
0

and now,
r sin
i sin
= or sin i = sin r
2
1
30 sin 2
0
= = i = 45
0

23. Length of the telescope = f
0
+ f
e
= 200 + 4 = 204 cm.