Bi 8.

Tip tuyn
71
BI 8. TIP TUYN
8.1. CC BI TON C BN V TIP TUYN
A. TIP TUYN CA MT NG CONG PHNG
Cho th (C): y = f (x). Gi M
0
, M l 2 im phn
bit v cng thuc th (C). Khi nu c nh
im M
0
v cho im M chuyn ng trn (C) u
gn im M
0
th v tr gii hn ca ct tuyn
(M
0
M) l tip tuyn (M
0
T) ti im M
0
.
( )
0
0 0
M M
lim M M (M T)

= Tip tuyn
B. CC BI TON C BN V TIP TUYN
I. BI TON 1: Vit PTTT ti 1 im thuc th
1. Bi ton: Cho th (C): y = f (x) v im
0 0 0
M ( , ) x y (C). Vit PTTT ca
(C) ti im
0 0 0
M ( , ) x y
2. Phng php:
T ngha hnh hc ca o hm suy ra
phng trnh tip tuyn ti
0 0 0
M ( , ) x y ca (C) l:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0 0 0 0
y y f x x x y f x x x f x = = +
II. BI TON 2: Vit PTTT theo h s gc cho trc
1. Bi ton: Cho (C): y = f (x) v s k . Vit PTTT ca (C) c h s gc k.
2. Phng php:
2.1. Phng php tm tip im
Gi s tip tuyn c h
s gc k tip xc vi
(C): y = f (x) ti im c honh x
i

( )
i
f x k =
i
x l nghim ca
( )
f x k =
Gii phng trnh
( )
f x k = nghim x{x
0
, x
1
, x
i
, x
n
}
PTTT ti x = x
i
l: ( ) ( )
i i
y k x x f x = +
0
M
M
1
M
M
2
T
T
0
M 0
f(x )
0
x O x
y
(C): y=f(x)
x
x
0
1
x
i
x
n
x
...
...
Chng I. Cc bi ging trng tm v hm s Trn Phng
72
2.2. Phng php iu kin nghim kp (cha c dng trong khi thi)
Xt ng thng vi h s gc k c phng trnh y = kx + m (n m) tip xc
(C): y = f (x) phng trnh
( )
kx m f x + = c nghim bi (nghim kp)
ni chung:
( ) ( )
2
0 ux v m x w m + + = c nghim kp

( ) ( ) ( )
2
4 . 0 g m v m u w m = = = .
Gii phng trnh
( )
0 g m = cc gi tr ca m PTTT.
c) Ch : V iu kin ( )
( )
1
: C y f x = v ( )
( )
2
: C y g x = tip xc nhau l h iu
kin
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
f x g x
f x g x
=

c nghim ch khng phi l iu kin ( ) ( ) f x g x = c

nghim kp nn cch 2 ch s dng c cho cc dng hm s
f (x) m phng trnh tng giao
( )
kx m f x + = c th bin i tng ng
vi 1 phng trnh bc 2.
3. Cc dng biu din ca h s gc k
a) Dng trc tip:
1 1
1, 2, ... , , ... 2, 3, ...
2 3
k =
b) Tip tuyn to vi chiu dng Ox gc k = tg vi
{ } 15 , 30 , 45 , 60 , 75 ,105 ,120 ,135 ,150 ,165 = (*)
c) Tip tuyn vi ng thng ( ) : y ax b = + k = a
d) Tip tuyn vi ng thng ( ) : y ax b = +
1
k
a

= vi a 0
e) Tip tuyn to vi ( ) : y ax b = + gc tg
1
k a
ka

=
+
vi (*)
III. BI TON 3: Vit PTTT i qua 1 im cho trc
1. Bi ton:
Cho th (C): y = f (x) v im A(a, b) cho trc.
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn i qua A(a, b) n th
( ) ( )
: C y f x =
2. Phng php:
Bi 8. Tip tuyn
73
2.1. Phng php tm tip im:
Cch 1: Gi s tip tuyn i qua A(a, b)
tip xc (C): y = f (x) ti tip im c
honh x
i
suy ra PTTT c dng:
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) :
i i i
t y f x x x f x = +
Do ( )
( )
, A a b t nn ( ) ( ) ( )
i i i
b f x a x f x = +
i
x x = l nghim ca
phng trnh
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 b f x a x f x f x x a b f x = + + = (*)
Gii phng trnh (*) nghim x{x
0
, x
1
, x
i
, x
n
}.
Phng trnh tip tuyn ti x = x
i
l: ( ) ( )
i i
y k x x f x = +
Cch 2: ng thng i qua A(a, b) vi h s gc k c PT
( )
y k x a b = +
tip xc vi th (C): y = f (x)
H phng trnh
( ) ( )
( )
f x k x a b
f x k
= +

c nghim

( ) ( ) ( )
f x f x x a b = +

( ) ( ) ( )
0 f x x a b f x + = (*)
Gii phng trnh (*) nghim x{x
0
, x
1
, x
i
, x
n
}
Phng trnh tip tuyn ti x = x
i
l: ( ) ( ) ( )
i i i
y f x x x f x = +
2.2. Phng php iu kin nghim kp (cha c dng khi i thi)
Cch 3: ng thng i qua A(a, b) vi h s gc k c phng trnh
( )
y k x a b = + tip xc (C): y = f (x) phng trnh
( ) ( )
k x a b f x + = c
nghim bi (nghim kp) ni chung:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
0 u k x v k x w k + + = c
nghim kp
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
0 v 4 . 0 u k g k v k u k w k = = =

( )
( )
2
0
. . 0
u k
g k k k

= + + =

(**) H sinh ra h s gc
Gii hoc bin lun h iu kin (**) suy ra cc gi tr ca k hoc s lng ca k.
T suy ra PTTT hoc s lng cc tip tuyn i qua A(a, b).
A(a,b)
(C): y=f(x)
(C): y=f(x)
A(a,b)
Chng I. Cc bi ging trng tm v hm s Trn Phng
74
8.2. CC BI TP MU MINH HA V TIP TUYN
I. DNG 1: PHNG TRNH TIP TUYN TI 1 IM THUC TH
Bi 1. Cho hm s
( ) ( )
3
( ) : 1 1
m
C y f x x m x = = + + . Vit phng trnh tip
tuyn ca th (C
m
) ti giao im ca (C
m
) vi Oy. Tm m tip
tuyn ni trn chn 2 trc to tam gic c din tch bng 8.
Gii:
( )
2
3 y x x m = . Gi ( ) O
m
C y A 0
A
x = ;
( )
1 ; 0
A
y m y m = =
Tip tuyn ca (C
m
) ti A l:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
: 0 0 0 1 t y y x y mx m = + = + .
Xt tng giao:
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
O 0,1 ; O , 0
m
t y A m t x B
m

2
1 1
. 8 1 16
2 2
OAB A B
S OAOB y x m m

= = = =
2 2
2 2
2 1 16 18 1 0 9 4 5
2 1 16 14 1 0 7 4 3
m m m m m m
m m m m m m

+ = + = =



+ = + + = =


Bi 2. Cho ( )
( )
3 2
: 3 1
m
C y f x x x mx = = + + + .
a. Tm m (C
m
) ct ng thng y = 1 ti 3 im phn bit C(0; 1), D, E.
b. Tm m cc tip tuyn vi (C
m
) ti D v E vung gc vi nhau.
Gii: o hm:
( )
2
3 6 y x x x m = + +
a. ( ) ( ) 1
m
C y = :
( )
( )
( )
3 2 2
2
0 C 0,1
3 1 1 3 0
3 0
x
x x mx x x x m
g x x x m
=
+ + + = + + =

= + + =

im

Yu cu bi ton x
D
, x
E
l 2 nghim phn bit khc 0 ca g(x) = 0

( )
9 9 4 0
9
0 4
4
0 0 0
m
m
m
g m m
= >
<
<

=

(*)
D E D E
; 3 x x m x x + = =
b. Vi iu kin
9
0
4
m < th cc tip tuyn ti D v E vung gc vi nhau
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
D E D D E E
1 3 6 3 6 y x y x x x m x x m = = + + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
D D E E D E
3 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 g x x m g x x m x m x m ( ( = + + = + +


( )
( )
2 2 2
D E D E
9 6 4 9 6 . 3 4 4 9 x x m x x m m m m m m = + + + = + + =

2
9 65
4 9 1 0
8
m m m

+ = = (tho mn iu kin (*) )
Bi 8. Tip tuyn
75
Bi 3. Cho hm s
( )
3 2
( ) : 3 2 C y f x x x = = +
a) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn i qua
( )
23
, 2
9
A n (C)
b) Tm trn ng thng y = 2 cc im k n (C) hai tip tuyn nhau
Gii: o hm:
( )
2
3 6 3 2 y x x x x = =
ng thng i qua
( )
23
, 2
9
A vi h s gc k c phng trnh
( )
23
2
9
y k x =
tip xc vi
( ) ( )
: C y f x = H
( )
( )
( )
23
2
9
f x k x
f x k

c nghim

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
3 2 23 23
2 3 2 3 2 2
9 9
f x f x x x x x x x = + =

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 23 2
2 2 3 2 2 3 10 3 0
9 3
x x x x x x x x x = + =

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
1 1
2 2
3 3
23
2 : 2 2 2
9
23
3 : 3 2 9 25
9
23 5 61 1 1
: 2
3 3 9 3 27
x x t y y x y
x x t y y x y x
x x t y y x y x

= = = =

= = = =

= = = = +

Tip tuyn
Tip tuyn
Tip tuyn

b) Ly bt k M(m, 2) ng thng y = 2
ng thng i qua M(m, 2) vi h s gc k c phng trnh
( )
2 y k x m =
tip xc vi
( ) ( )
: C y f x = H
( ) ( )
( )
2 f x k x m
f x k
=

c nghim

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
2 3 2 3 2 2 f x f x x m x x x x x m = + =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
2 2
2 2 3 2 2 2 3 1 2 0 x x x x x x m x x m x = + =

( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
2
2 : 2 2 2
2 3 1 2 0
x t y y x m y
g x x m x
= = =

= + =

Tip tuyn

Do khng th c tip tuyn no vung gc vi tip tuyn 2 // O y x = nn t
M( , 2) m k c 2 tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau n (C) th g(x) = 0 phi c 2
nghim phn bit x
1
, x
2
v cc tip tuyn ti cc im c honh x
1
, x
2
vung
gc vi nhau
( ) ( )( )
2
5
3 1 16 3 5 3 3 0 1
3
g
m m m m m = = + > > < (*)
Chng I. Cc bi ging trng tm v hm s Trn Phng
76
Khi : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2
3 1
; 1 3 2 .3 2 1
2
m
x x x x f x f x x x x x

+ = = = =
( )
( ) [ ]
1 2 1 2 1 2
9 2 4 1 9 1 3 1 4 1 54 27 1 x x x x x x m m ( + + = + = =


55
27
m = (tho mn (*) ). Vy
( )
( )
55
M , 2 2
27
y = tho mn yu cu.
Bi 4. Cho hm s
( )
3
( ) : 12 12 C y f x x x = = +
Tm trn ng thng y = 4 cc im k c 3 tip tuyn n th (C)
Gii: o hm:
2
3 12 y x =
Ly bt k M(m, 4) trn ng thng y = 4. ng thng i qua M(m, 4)
vi h s gc k c phng trnh
( )
4 y k x m = tip xc vi
( ) ( )
: C y f x =
H
( ) ( )
( )
4 f x k x m
f x k
=

c nghim
( ) ( ) ( )
4 f x f x x m =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 2
12 12 3 12 4 2 2 8 3 2 2 x x x x m x x x x x x m + = + = +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
2 2
2 2 8 2 3 6 3 6 x x x x x m x m + = +
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
2
2 2 3 4 2 3 4 0 x x m x m = . t A k c 3 tip tuyn n (C) th
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 3 4 2 3 4 0 g x x m x m = = phi c 2 nghim phn bit khc 2

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
3 4 16 3 4 0
2 8 4 3 4 0
m m
g m

= + >

( ) ( )
( )
4
3 3 4 4 0
4
2
12 2 0
3
m
m m
m
m
<
+ >

<

Bi 5. Tm trn th
( ) ( )
3 2
( ) : 0 C y f x ax bx cx d a = = + + + cc im k
c ng 1 tip tuyn n (C)
Gii: o hm:
( )
2
3 2 y f x ax bx c = = + +
Ly bt k M(m, f (m)) (C): y = f (x). ng thng i qua M(m, f (m) vi h
s gc k c phng trnh:
( ) ( )
y k x m f m = + tip xc vi
( ) ( )
: C y f x =
H
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
f x k x m f m
f x k
= +

c nghim
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
f x f x x m f m = +
( ) ( )
3 2 2 3 2
3 2 ax bx cx d ax bx c x m am bm cm d + + + = + + + + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 2 2 2
3 2 a x m b x m c x m ax bx c x m + + = + +
Bi 8. Tip tuyn
77
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) ( )
2
2
2 0 2 0 x m ax am b x m am b x m ax am b + = + + =

2
am b
x m x
a
+
= = . T im M(m, f (m)) k c ng 1 tip tuyn
n (C) 3
2 3
am b b
m am b m
a a
+
= = =
Vy
( )
M ,
3 3
b b
f
a a
| |
|
\
(C) l im k c ng 1 tip tuyn n (C).
Bnh lun:
( )
6 2 0
3
b
f x ax b x
a

= + = = im un
( )
,
3 3
b b
U f
a a
| |
|
\

Bi 6. Cho th (C):
( )
2
2 x mx m
y f x
x m
+
= =
+
.
1) Chng minh rng: Nu (C
m
) ct Ox ti x
0
th tip tuyn ca (C
m
) ti im
c h s gc l
0
0
0
2 2 x m
k
x m

=
+

2) Tm m (C
m
) ct Ox ti 2 im phn bit v tip tuyn ca (C
m
) ti 2 im
vung gc vi nhau.
Gii:
1) Gi s
( )
( )
2 2
0 0 0 0
0 0
0
0
2 0 2
O , 0 0
x mx m x mx m
C x x y
x m
x m
+ = +

= =

(*)
Tip tuyn ca (C
m
) ti giao im ca (C
m
) vi Ox c h s gc l:
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
0 0 0 0 0
0 0
2
0
0
do (*)
2 2 2 2 2 x m x m x mx m x m
k y x
x m
x m
+ +
= = =
+
+
(pcm)
2) Gi s (C
m
) ct Ox ti 2 im phn bit
( )
2
2 0 g x x mx m = + = c 2
nghim phn bit x
1
, x
2
tho mn:
1 2 1 2 1 2
2 ; ; , x x m x x m x x m + = = . Tip
tuyn ti x
1
, x
2
vung gc nhau
1 2
1 2
1 2
2 2 2 2
1
x m x m
k k
x m x m

= =
+ +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
4 0 x m x m x m x m + + + = ( )
2
1 2 1 2
5 3 5 0 x x m x x m + + =
( ) ( )
2
5 3 2 5 0 5 0 m m m m m m + = = { } 0; 5 m .
Vi m = 0 th
( )
2
1 2
0 0 g x x x x = = = = (loi)
Vi m = 5 th
( )
2
1,2
10 5 0 5 2 5 g x x x x m = + = = (tho mn)
Vy (C
m
) ct Ox ti 2 im phn bit v tip tuyn ca (C
m
) ti 2 im
vung gc vi nhau th m = 5.
Chng I. Cc bi ging trng tm v hm s Trn Phng
78
Bi 7. Cho th
( )
2 2
2 2 1
( ) :
m
mx m x m
C y
x m
+
=

. Tm m hm s c cc
tr. Chng minh rng: Vi m tm c, trn th hm s lun tm c
2 im m tip tuyn vi th ti 2 im vung gc vi nhau.
Gii: o hm:
1
2 y mx
x m
= +

( )
2
1
y m
x m
= +

Hm s c cc tr 0 y = c 2 nghim phn bit m < 0
Vi m < 0, chn
2
m
k = . Xt PT:
( )
y x k =
( )
2
1
2
m
m
x m
+ =

( )
( )
2
2
1 2 2 2
2
m
x m x m x m
m m m
x m

= = = =

.
Xt PT:
( )
1
y x
k

=
( )
2
1 2
m
m
x m

+ =

( )
( )
2
2
2
1
m
m
x m
+
=

( )
2
2 2
2 2
m m
x m x m
m m

= =
+ +

2
2
m
x m
m

=
+
.
Vy vi m < 0 v
2
m
k = th cc PT
( )
y x k = c nghim x
1
v
( )
1
y x
k

= c
nghim x
2
nn ( ) ( )
1 2
. 1 y x y x = , tc l lun tm c 2 im thuc th m
tip tuyn vi th ti 2 im vung gc vi nhau.
Bi 8. Cho
2
2
( ) :
1
x x
C y
x
+ +
=

. Tm A(C) sao cho tip tuyn ti A vung gc

vi ng thng i qua A v tm i xng ca (C)
Gii:
( )
2
2 4
2
1 1
x x
y f x x
x x
+ +
= = = + +


TC: 1
TCX: 2
x
y x
=

= +

TX: I(1, 3)
o hm:
( )
2
4
1
1
y
x
=

( )
( )
2
4
1
1
y a
a
=

. Gi
( )
4
, 2
1
A a a
a
+ +

(C)
ng thng (AI) c h s gc l:
( )
2
4
1
1
A I
A I
y y
k
x x
a

= = +

Do tip tuyn ti A vung gc vi ng thng (AI) nn
( )
. 1 y a k =

( )
( )
( )
( )
4 4 4 4
4
4
4 4 4 4
1 8 1 8, 3 2 2 8
16
1 1 1 8
1
1 8 1 8, 3 2 2 8
a A
a
a
a A

= =

= + + + +

Bi 8. Tip tuyn
79
Bi 9. Tip tuyn ca
1
( ) : C y x
x
= + ct Ox, Oy ti A(, 0) v B(0, ).
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn khi = 8
Gii: Phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti im c honh x
0
l:
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
0
0 0 0
2 2
0 0
0 0
1
1 2 2
: 1
x
t y y x x x y x y x y x
x x
x x

| |
= + = + = +
|
\

( )
( )
0
2
0
2
O , 0 ;
1
x
t x A
x
= =

( )
( )
0
2
O 0, t y B
x
= =
= 8
0
2 2
0
0 0
2
2 4
8 8
1 1
x
x
x x
= =


2 2
0 0 0
1 1 1
1
2 2
2
x x x = = =
Vy PTTT l: 2 2 y x =
Bi 10. Cho th
( )
2
3 4
:
2 2
x x
C y
x
+
=

v im M bt k (C). Gi I l giao
ca 2 tim cn. Tip tuyn ti M ct 2 tim cn ti A v B.
a) Chng minh rng: M l trung im ca AB.
b) Chng minh rng: Tch khong cch t M n 2 tim cn l khng i
c) Chng minh rng:
IAB
S const

= .
d) Tm M chu vi IAB nh nht.
Gii

2
3 4 1
1
2 2 2 1
x x x
y
x x
+
= = +


( )
1
TC: 1; TCX: 1 1,
2 2
x
x y I

= =
( )
( )
2
1 1
2
1
y x
x
=

( )
( )
2
1 1
2
1
y m
m
=

vi
( )
1
M , 1
2 1
m
m
m
+

(C). Tip tuyn ti M l (t):

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
1 1 1
1
2 2 1
1
m
y y m x m y m y x m
m
m
(
= + = + +
(

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
3 2 1
TC: 1 1, ; TCX: 1 2 1,
1 2 2 2
x
t x A t y B m m
m
= =

M
x
B
2
B
A
x
y
O
y
A

I
1
H


1
Chng I. Cc bi ging trng tm v hm s Trn Phng
80
a) Do
M
2
A B
x x
m x
+
= = v A, M, B thng hng M l trung im ca AB.
b)
1 2
2 2
. 1
5. 1 5
d d m
m
= =

c) BH AI
1 1 1 2 1
. . . 2 2 4 2
2 2 2 1 2
IAB A I B H
S IABH y y x x m
m

= = = = =

d) Gi gc gia 2 tim cn l , gc gia tim cn xin vi chiu dng Ox l
+ =
2

. Do TCX: 1
2
x
y = c h s gc l
1
2
nn
1
tg
2
=
2
2
sin sin
1 1
cos 2 4
cos

= =

2
2 2
sin
1 1 2
sin ; cos
1 4
sin cos
5 5

= = =
+
+

Ta c chu vi IAB l:
2 2
2 . cos P IA IB AB IA IB IA IB IA IB = + + = + + +
( ) 2 . 2 . 2 . sin 2 . 2 1 sin IA IB IA IB IA IB IA IB + = +
( )
2 .
2 1 sin
sin
IA BH
= +

( )
8
2 1 sin
cos
= +

4
2 20 2 5 1 = +

4
Min 2 20 2 5 1 P = + . Du bng xy ra
4
20
. . cos 4
IA IB
IA IB
IA IB
=
= =

4
4 4
2 4 4
20 1 1
5 5 1
m m
m
= = =

Bi 11. Cho th:
( )
2
3
:
2
x x
C y
x
+
=

. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th

(C) to vi ng thng
( )
: 1 y x = + gc 60.
Gii
Do tip tuyn ca (C) to vi
( )
: 1 y x = + gc 60 nn h s gc k ca tip
tuyn tho mn
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 3 1 2 3
1
tg60 3
1 . 1
1 3 1 2 3
k k k
k
k
k k k

+ = =

= =
+
+ = = +



2
3 5
1
2 2
x x
y x
x x
+
= = + +


( )
( )
2
5
1
2
y x
x
=

- Xt 2 3 k = + , khi honh tip im l nghim ca phng trnh:

( )
2
5
1 2 3
2 x
= +

( )
( )
2 5 1 3
2 0
2
x

= < (V nghim)
Bi 8. Tip tuyn
81
- Xt 2 3 k = honh tip im l nghim ca phng trnh:
( )
2
5
1 2 3
2 x
=

( )
( )
2 5 1 3
2
2
x
+
=
( )
1,2
5 1 3
2
2
x x
+
= =
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 1 1
2 2 2
: 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 2 5 3 1
: 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 2 5 3 1
t y x x y x y x
t y x x y x y x
= + = +
= + = + +

Bi 12. Chng minh rng: T im A(1, 1) k c 2 tip tuyn vung gc
nhau n th (C):
( )
2
1
1
x x
y f x
x
+ +
= =
+

Cch 1: ng thng i qua A(1, 1) vi h s gc k c phng trnh
( )
1 1 y k x = tip xc vi (C) H
( ) ( )
( )
1 1 f x k x
f x k
=

c nghim

( ) ( ) ( )
. 1 1 f x f x x =
( )
2
3 1 0 g x x x = + + =
1,2
3 5
2
x x

= =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )( )
2 2
1 1 2 2
1 1 2 2
1 2
2 2 2 2
1 2
1 2 1 2
1 1
2 2
1
1
1 1
1 1 1 1
g x x g x x
x x x x
f x f x
x x
x x x x
+ +
+ +
= = = =
+ +
+ + + +

Cch 2: ng thng i qua A(1, 1) vi h s gc k c phng trnh
( )
1 1 y k x = tip xc vi (C)
( )
2
1
1 1
1
x x
k x
x
+ +
=
+
c nghim kp
( ) [ ]( ) ( )
2
1 1 1 1 k x x x x + = + + hay
( ) ( )
2
1 2 2 0 k x x k + = c nghim kp
( )
2
1 v 1 0 k g k k k = = + = . Ta c: 1 4 5 0
g
= + = > nn
( )
0 g k = c 2
nghim phn bit k
1
, k
2
tho mn
1 2
1 k k = . T suy ra t A(1, 1) lun k
c 2 tip tuyn vung gc nhau n th (C).
Bi 13. Vit PT tip tuyn i qua A(6, 4) n (C):
( )
2
2 1
2
x x
y f x
x
+
= =

Gii: ng thng i qua A(6, 4) vi h s gc k c phng trnh
( )
6 4 y k x = + tip xc vi (C) H
( ) ( )
( )
6 4 f x k x
f x k
= +

c nghim

( ) ( ) ( )
. 6 4 f x f x x = +
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2
1 3 2 1
6 4
2
2
x x x x
x
x
x
+
= +

Chng I. Cc bi ging trng tm v hm s Trn Phng
82

2
3 0 x x = x = 0 x = 3. T suy ra c 2 tip tuyn.
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1
3 3 1
: 0 6 4 6 4
4 4 2
t y f x x y x = + = + = v
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
: 3 6 4 0 6 4 4 t y f x x y = + = + =
Bi 14. Cho h
( )
2
2
( ) :
1
m
x mx m
C y f x
x
+ +
= =
+
v im A(0, 1). Tm m :
1) T A khng k c tip tuyn no n (C
m
)
2) T A k c t nht 1 tip tuyn n (C
m
)
3) T A k c ng 1 tip tuyn n (C
m
)
4) T A k c 2 tip tuyn phn bit n (C
m
)
5) T A k c 2 tip tuyn vi nhau n (C
m
)
6) T A k c 2 tip tuyn, trong c 1 tip tuyn TCX ca (C
m
)
7) T A k c 3 tip tuyn n (C
m
)
Gii: ng thng i qua A(0, 1) vi h s gc k c phng trnh 1 y kx = +
tip xc vi (C) H
( )
( )
1 f x kx
f x k
= +

c nghim

( ) ( )
. 1 f x f x x = +
( )
( )
2 2
2
2 2
2
1
1
1
x x x
x mx m
x
x
+
+ +
= +
+
+

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 1 2 2 1 x mx m x x x x + + + = + + +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 2 1 1 0 h x m x m x m = + + =
Vi m = 3 th
( )
4 2 h x x = + h(x) = 0 c ng 1 nghim
1
2
x

=
1) Qua A(0, 1) khng k c tip tuyn no n (C
m
) h(x) = 0 v nghim

( )
3 v 2 1 0
h
m m = < m < 1
2) Qua A(0, 1) k c t nht 1 tip tuyn n (C
m
) h(x) = 0 c nghim

( )
3
1
3 v 2 1 0
m
m
m m
=

3) Qua A(0, 1) k c ng 1 TT n (C
m
) h(x) = 0 c ng 1 nghim
( )
3 3
1 3 v 2 1 0
m m
m m m
= =

= = =


Bi 8. Tip tuyn
83
4) Qua A(0, 1) k c 2 tip tuyn phn bit n th (C
m
)

( )
0 h x = c 2 nghim phn bit
( )
3 v 2 1 0 1 3 m m m = > <
5) Qua A(0, 1) k c 2 tip tuyn n th (C
m
)

( )
0 h x = c 2 nghim phn bit x
1
, x
2
tho mn ( ) ( )
1 2
. 1 f x f x =
1 3 m < v ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
4 2 2 1 1 x x x x x x + + = + +
1 3 m < v ( ) ( )
2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
4 2 4 1 0 x x x x x x x x x x ( ( + + + + + + + =


1 3 m < v
( )
( )
2
2
4 10 10
0
3
m m
m
+
=

5 15 m =
6)
2
2 2
( ) : 2 2
1 1
m
x mx m
C y x m
x x
+ +
= = + +
+ +
TCX: y = 2x + m 2
( )
1
2
f x

=
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
1 2
0 5 10 1 0 1
2
5
1
x x
x x x
x
+
+ = + + = =
+

Qua A(0, 1) k c 2 tip tuyn, trong c 1 tip tuyn TCX ca (C
m
)

( )
0 h x = c 2 nghim phn bit vi 1 nghim l nghim ca:
( )
1
2
f x

=
1 3 m < v
2 2
1 1 0
5 5
h h
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ \
1 3 m < v
( ) ( )
2 11 4 5 2 11 4 5 0 m m + =
11 4 5
2
m

=
7) Do
( )
0 h x = l phng trnh bc 2 nn khng th c 3 nghim phn bit.
Vy t A(0, 1) khng th k c 3 tip tuyn n (C
m
) m.
Bi 15. Tm trn Oy cc im c th k c t nht 1 tip tuyn n th
(C):
( )
2
1
1
x x
y f x
x
+
= =

Gii:
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
1 1 1
1
1 1
1
x x
f x x f x
x x
x
+
= = + =

.
Ly bt k im A(0, a)Oy. ng thng i qua A(0, a) vi h s gc k c
PT y kx a = + tip xc vi (C) H
( )
( )
f x kx a
f x k
= +

c nghim
Chng I. Cc bi ging trng tm v hm s Trn Phng
84

( ) ( )
. f x f x x a = +
( )
2
1 1
1
1
1
x x a
x
x
(
+ = +
(

( )
2
1
1
1
x
a
x
x
+ =

( )
2
2 1
1
x
a
x

( )
2
2 1 1 0 ax a x a + + + = (1)
Qua A k c t nht 1 tip tuyn n (C) Phng trnh (1) c nghim

0 v 1 0
1
0 v 1 0
a a
a
a a
= +

= +

Bi 16. Tm trn Ox cc im k c ng 1 tip tuyn n
2
3
( ) :
2
x x
C y
x
+
=
+

Gii:
2
3 1
1
2 2
x x
y x
x x
+
= =
+ +

( )
2
1
1
2
y
x
= +
+
.
Ly bt k im A(a, 0)Ox. ng thng i qua A(a, 0) vi h s gc k c
phng trnh
( )
y k x a = tip xc vi (C) H
( ) ( )
( )
f x k x a
f x k
=

c nghim

( ) ( ) ( )
f x f x x a =
( )
( )
2
1 1
1 1 0
2
2
x x a
x
x
(
+ =
( +
+



( )
2
2 2
1 0
2
x a
a
x
+
+ =
+
(1). Nu a = 2 th (1)
8 2
3 0
2 3
x
x
+ = =
+

Xt a 2, khi (1)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 2 3 2 6 5 0 g x a x a x a = + + = (2)
Qua A k c ng 1 tip tuyn n (C) g(x) = 0 c ng 1 nghim

( )
2
1 0 v 3 2 0
1 0; 3 0
g
a a
a a a
=

= + =

1
1 13
2
a
a
=

.
Vy t 4 im ( ) ( )
1 2 3 4
1 13 1 13
2, 0 ; 1, 0 ; , 0 ; , 0
2 2
A A A A
| | | |
+
| |
\ \
Ox k
c ng 1 tip tuyn n (C).
Bi 17. Cho th
2
2 1
( ) :
1
x x
C y
x
+
=

. Chng minh rng: Trn ng thng

(): y = 7 c 4 im sao cho t mi im c th k n (C) hai tip
tuyn lp vi nhau gc 45 .