POLITEKNIK IBRAHIM SULTAN, KM 10 JALAN KONG KONG, 81700 PASIR GUDANG JOHOR.

TOURISM & HOSPITALITY DEPARTMENT HH 514 NUTRITION TITLE PRESENTATION HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

PREPARED FOR : MADAM NOR MARLINA BT OTHMAN

PREPARED BY : NUR AINI MARDZIYAH BT JAMALUDIN NOR SHADALAH BT TUKIMAN NOR IZYAN BT RIDYAN NUR AEN BT ANWARI SUZANA BT BADRI

What Is High Blood Pressure???

High blood pressure (HBP) is a serious condition that can lead to coronary heart disease (also called coronary artery disease), heart failure, stroke, kidney failure , and other health problems. "Blood pressure" is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood. If this pressure rises and stays high over time, it can damage the body in many ways.

High Blood Pressure Facts

Levels High Blood Pressure by Age

Women are about as likely as men to develop high blood pressure during their lifetimes. However, for people under 45 years old, the condition affects more men than women. For people 65 years and older, it affects more women than men.

Age

Men (%)

Women (%)

20-34

11.1

6.8

35-44
45-54 55-64

25.1
37.1 54.0

19.0
35.2 53.3

65-74

64.0

69.3

75 and older

66.7

78.5

All

34.1

32.7

Symptoms Of High Blood Pressure Disease

High Blood Pressure Symptoms

High blood pressure usually causes no symptoms and
high blood pressure often is labeled "the silent killer. " People who have high blood pressure typically don't

know it until their blood pressure is measured. Sometimes people with markedly elevated blood pressure may develop: headache,
dizziness, blurred vision, nausea and vomiting, and

chest pain and shortness of breath.

Types Of Organ Damage Are Commonly Seen In Chronic High Blood Pressure
People often do not seek medical care until they have symptoms arising from the organ damage caused by chronic (ongoing, long-term) high blood pressure. The following :

Heart attack
Heart failure

Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Kidney failure Eye damage with progressive vision loss

Peripheral arterial disease causing leg pain with walking (claudication)

Outpouchings of the aorta, called aneurysms

The Risk of High Blood

Age
The risk of high blood pressure increases as you age. Through early middle age, high blood pressure is more common in men. Women are more likely to develop high blood pressure after menopause.

Race
High blood pressure is particularly common among blacks, often developing at an earlier age than it does in whites. Serious complications, such as stroke and heart attack, also are more common in blacks.

Family history
High blood pressure tends to run in families.

Being overweight or obese

The more you weigh, the more blood you need to supply oxygen and nutrients to your tissues. As the volume of blood circulated through your blood vessels increases, so does the pressure on your artery walls.

 Not being physically active

People who are inactive tend to have higher heart rates. The higher your heart rate, the harder your heart must work with each contraction and the stronger the force on your arteries. Lack of physical activity also increases the risk of being overweight.

Using tobacco
Not only does smoking or chewing tobacco immediately raise your blood pressure temporarily, but the chemicals in tobacco can damage the lining of your artery walls. This can cause your arteries to narrow, increasing your blood pressure. Secondhand smoke also can increase your blood pressure.

Too much salt (sodium) in your diet

Too much sodium in your diet can cause your body to retain fluid, which increases blood pressure.

Too little potassium in your diet

Potassium helps balance the amount of sodium in your cells. If you don't get enough potassium in your diet or retain enough potassium, you may accumulate too much sodium in your blood.

Too little vitamin D in your diet

It's uncertain if having too little vitamin D in your diet can lead to high blood pressure. Vitamin D may affect an enzyme produced by your kidneys that affects your blood pressure.

Drinking too much alcohol

Over time, heavy drinking can damage your heart. Having more than two drinks a day can raise your blood pressure.

Stress

High levels of stress can lead to a temporary, but dramatic, increase in blood pressure. If you try to relax by eating more, using tobacco or drinking alcohol, you may only increase problems with high blood pressure.

Certain chronic conditions

Certain chronic conditions also may increase your risk of high blood pressure, including high cholesterol, diabetes, kidney disease and sleep apnea.

Isolated systolic hypertension the systolic pressure (top number) is raised but the diastolic pressure is normal Isolated diastolic hypertension the diastolic pressure (bottom number) is raised but the

systolic pressure is normal White coat hypertension where the blood pressure is raised due to the stress of a visit to the doctor or nurse

TOP
BLOOD PRESSURE CATEGORY Normal SYSTOLIC

BOTTOM
DIASTOLIC

Less than 120

and

Less than 80

Prehypertension

120 - 139

or

80 - 89

Stage 1 hypertension

140 - 169

or

90 = 99

Stage 2 hypertension

160 or higher

or

1oo or higher

- Maintaining a healthy weight . - Being physically active . - Following a healthy eating plan, that emphasizes fruits,
vegetables, and low fat dairy foods . - Choosing and preparing foods with less salt and sodium and if you drink alcoholic beverages , drinking moderation.

* before get the high blood pressure

- Need to get further treatment from a doctor at hypertension clinic ( every six month ) . - Take medicine that has been supplied by a doctor . - Following a healthy diet .

- Less salt in cooking . - Exercise regularly . - Stop smoking and practice a healthy lifestyle . - Manage your time effectively , to reduce your stress at workplace .

* Take care of your health at an early age to prevent dangerous diseases like high blood pressure . * When blood pressure is high, it starts to damage the blood vessels, heart, and kidneys . This can lead to heart attack, stroke, and other problems . High blood pressure is called a "silent killer,'' because it doesn't usually cause symptoms while it .