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-bl- in blue and black

y

-c- in clap and close

y

-fl- in fly and flip

y

-gl- in glue and glove

y

-pl- in play and please

y

-br- in brown and break

y

-cr- in cry and crust

y

-dr- in dry and drag

y

-fr- in fry and freeze

y

-gr- in great and grand

y

-pr- in prize and prank

y

-tr- in tree and try

y

-sk- in skate and sky

y

-sl- in slip and slap

y

-sp- in spot and speed

y

-st- in street and stop

y

-sw- in sweet and sweater

y

-spr- in spray and spring

y

-str- in stripe and strapThe 7 Digraph

Sounds(Conson ant digraphs are 2 letters combined to form adistinct spelling sound.The blends are: ch,

sh, th and wh.)The Dipthongs sound oi like in oil and oy like in oy:boy, toy, joy, royal, enjoy, oil, boil,

coin, oink, point, noise,voice, soil, join.Sound: au and aw as is sauce and raw because,

sauce, August, fraud, taught, cause, laundry,saucer, auction, saw, law, raw, jaw, yawn, lawn, draw,claw,

straw, crawl.Sound: ou like in round and ow like in how:cow, bow, now, how, wow, owl, gown, allow,

house,mouse, ouch, loud, sound, mouth, out, doubt, round,found.

y

-ch- in chin and ouch

y

-sh- in ship and push

y

-th- in thing
y

-th- in this
y

-wh- in when
y

-ng- in ring
y

-nk- in rink The Other Special Sounds Including Dipthongs(Dipt hongs are 2 vowels

combined to for a distinct spelling sound: oi like in boil, oy like is boy.)Here is a list of more of the common

words withconsonant digraphs that young learners will need to learn:Sound: ch like in chew chew,

chop, chips, choice, chance, chain, champ, chase,cheer, cheek, cheat, chase, chalk, choose,Sound: ch like in

touchtouch, each, reach, coach, ditch, ouch, beach, teach,ditch, lunch.Sound: sh like in shy shadow,

shade, shine, shop, shell, shout, shrub, shut,share, shower. .Sound: sh like in rush push, rush, fresh, wish,

wash, fish, dish, trash, ash, rash. .Sound: th like in thisthe, then, they, there, their, this, them, these, that, though.Sound:

th like in thinthin, think, thick, thank, theft, thumb, tooth, truth, with,width .Sound: wh like in why why,

where, what, when, while, wheel, white, which,wheat, whistle .

y

-oi- in foil and toy

y

-ow- in owl and ouch

y

short -oo- in took and pull

y

-aw- in raw and haul

y

-zh- in vision1. Almost all dictionaries use the e symbol for the vowel in bed. The problem with this convention

is that e in the IPAdoes not stand for the vowel in bed; it stands for a different vowel that is heard, for example, in

the German word Seele, or at the beginning of the e sound in English. The proper symbol

for the bed vowel is (do not confuse with :). The same goes for e vs.

.2. In and : , the

is not pronounced in BrE, unless the sound comes before a vowel (as in answering,

answer it). In AmE, the is always pronounced, and the sounds are sometimes written as

and .3. In AmE, : and are one vowel, so calm and cot have the same

vowel. In American transcriptions, hot is written ash :t.4.

About 40% of Americans pronounce : the same way as

:, so that caught and cot have the same vowel.5. In American transcriptions, : is often written as

: (e.g. law = l :), unless it is followed by r, in which case it remainsan :.6.

In British transcriptions, o is usually represented as . For some BrE speakers, o

is more appropriate (they usea rounded vowel) for others, the proper symbol is

. For American speakers, o is usually more accurate.7. In e

, the r is not pronounced in BrE, unless the sound comes before a vowel

(as in dearest, dear Ann).In AmE, the r is always pronounced, and the sounds are often written as er

r r. 8. All dictionaries use the r symbol for the first sound in

red. The problem with this convention is that r in the IPA doesnot stand for the British or American r; it

stands for the hard r that is heard, for example, in the Spanish word rey or Italian vero. The proper symbol

for the red consonant is .9. In American English, t is often pronounced as a

flap t, which sounds like d or (more accurately) like the quick, hard r heard e.g. in the Spanish word pero. For

example: letter. Some dictionaries use the t symbol for the flap t.This chart contains all the sounds

(phonemes) used in the English language. For each sound, it gives:

y

The symbol from the

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), as used in phonetic transcriptions in modern dictionariesfor

English learners that is, in A. C. Gimson's phonemic system with a few additional symbols.The chart represents

British and American phonemes with one symbol. One symbol can mean two different phone mes in

American and British English. See the footnotes for British-only and American-only symbols.
y

Two English words which use the sound. The underline shows where the sound is heard.
y

The links labeled Amer and Brit play sound recordings (you need Flash 9 or higher) where the words are

pronounced in American and British English. The British version is given only where it is very different from the

American version.vowelsI PA examples cup, luck :arm, father cat, black e met, bed

away, cinema : turn, learn hit, sittingi: see, heat hot, rock

:call, four put, could u: blue, food a five, eyea now, out e say, eight o

go, home boy, jine where, air

near, here pure, tourist consona ntsIPAexample sb bad, labconsonantsI

PAexamplesd did, lady f find, if g give, flagh how, helloyes, yellow k cat, back l leg, littlem man, lemonn no,

ten finger p pet, mapr red, try s sun, miss she, crasht tea, gettingt

check, church both this, mother v voice, fivew wet, window z zoo, lazy

pleasure, visiond ust, largespecial symbolsIPA what it means

The vertical line ( ) is used to show word stress. It is placed before the stressed syllable in a

word. For example, / k ntrkt/ is pronounced like this, and /k n

trkt/ like that. Word stress is explained in our article about phonetic transcr iption.

is not a sound it is a short way of saying that an r is pronounced only in American

English. For example, if you write that the pronunciation of bar is /b :

/, you mean that it is /b :r/ in American English, and /b :/ in British English.Howev

er, in BrE, r will be heard if is followed by a vowel. For example, far gone is pronounced /

f : g n/ in BrE, but far out is pronounced /

f : ra t/.

i
i is usually pronounced like a shorter version of i:, but sometimes (especially in an old-

fashioned British accent) it can sound like . Examples: very / veri/, create /kri

e t/, previous / pri:vi s/, ability / b l

ti/.

l
l means that the consonant l is pronounced as a separate syllable (the

syllabic l, which sounds like a vowel), or that thereis a short sound before it. Examples: little /

l t l/, uncle /

l/.Instead of the

l symbol, some dictionaries use an l with a small vertical line underneath, or simply l, as in / l

tl/.

n
n means that the consonant n is pronounced as a separate syllable (the

syllabic n, which sounds like a vowel), or that there is a short sound before it. Examples: written /

r t n/, listen / l s n/.Instead of the

n symbol, some dictionaries use an n with a small vertical line underneath, or simply n, as in /

r tn/.References:h ttp://www.anti moon.com/how/ pronuncsoundsipa.htmh ttp://specialed.a bout.com/od/rea

dingliteracy/a/4 4Sounds.htmhtt p://www.uiowa. edu/~acadtech/p honetics/

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The Sounds of English

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