MobileEnterprise CloudComputing

Mobile Enterprise & Cloud Computing

Dr. Satish Srirama
16th September 2009
Satish Srirama
1/51
Tartu
Aachen
Satish Srirama
Visakhapatnam
2/51
Outline
l
Background Mobile Hosts in Enterprise Service Integration

Mobile Host Mobile Host: Quality of Service (QoS) extensions Mobile Host in Peer to Peer (P2P) networks Mobile Web Services Mediation Framework Applications of Mobile Host
Satish Srirama
l l
3/51
Cloud Computing Research Directions
Mobile Hosts in Enterprise Service Integration (MHESI) - Motivation

l
Web services (WS)

Enable enterprise integration
UDDI Registry
Refer
WSDL
Describe Find Publish
Developments in wireless domain

Device capabilities Transmission capabilities
Service
Service Requester
SOAP
Service Provider
Satish Srirama
Mobile web services (MWS) [LA, OMA]

Weather, search, maps etc.
4/51
UDDI - Universal Description, Discovery and Integration WSDL - Web Services Description Language
Mobile web service provisioning

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Remote patient tele-monitoring
WS
Satish Srirama
Distress call
Location information service Mobile picture service
5/51
Mobile web service provisioning continued

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Service provisioning is necessary!!! But why web services?

Loose coupling Interoperable integration Mobile Hosts enable seamless integration of user specific services
Mobile services can be integrated with larger enterprise services

Services based on user profile & context Ex: Maps specific to user network
Satish Srirama
Multiple Mobile Hosts collaborate bringing value to enterprise

Collaborative journalism
6/51
Mobile Host
Challenges
[Srirama, 2004]
Full compatibility with usual web service interfaces Low resource considerations Mobile phones general purpose is not seriously effected
Implementation details
Implemented in PersonalJava Uses kSOAP2 SOAP over HTTP [JSR 172] Upgraded to J2ME
Satish Srirama
7/51
Mobile Host Performance

Acceptable performance levels for service delivery The WS processing time at the Mobile Host (< 10%) Directly proportional to achievable transmission rates High data transmission rates with 3G & 4G
Mobile web service invocation: Timestamps
6000 5300 5000 4456 4000 Duration in MS
Satish Srirama
3000
2000
1000 344 0 T_mwsp T_trans T_sd T_process T_ss 297 203
8/51
Mobile Enterprise Enterprise Service Integration

How can I collaborate? Mobile Enterprise & Cloud Computing Am I energy efficient !!! Am I protected from malicious attacks ?
WS
WS
WS
Where can I publish ?
Satish Srirama
What are the Application domains ?
Mobile Enterprise
WS
So many services !!! How can I find most relevant one?
WS
How many clients can I satisfy?
Do centralized nodes withstand such load ? Which services are expected from me ?
Do I have such infrastructure that is scalable? Can I have a bird view ?
$
Mobile operator
9/51
Mobile Host: QoS extensions Security issues

Can traditional security standards be adapted for mobile web services?
Scalability issues
How to improve the number of concurrent clients that the Mobile Host can support?
Satish Srirama
10/51
QoS extensions Security issues Security breaches

WS Requestors
Communication Network
WS Providers
Disclosure of Configuration Data
Spoofing Network Eavesdropping Tampering
Internet
Satish Srirama
Unauthorized Access Replay Attacks

GPRS GPRS WS
Mobile
Mobile
Operator
Operator DDOS Attacks
11/51
Security specifications End-to-end security

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
Security Standards for WS

XML Encryption [W3C] XML Signature [W3C] WSSE (WS-Security Standard) [OASIS] SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) [OASIS]
Satish Srirama
Can we adapt WSSE for mobile web services?

Added performance overhead to the invocation cycle Increase in transportation delays with added size
12/51
Security realizations
Service-level authentication User-intervened authorization Message-level security

Bouncy Castle Lightweight cryptographic API WS Handler Upgraded KSoap2 MIDP2.0 (Mobile Information Device Profile) Strategy
Symmetric key encryption of message Asymmetric key exchange of key Signing the message
MPS
KSOAP
KXML
SOAP Processor
Security Handler
LWC API
Satish Srirama
Service Handler
WS
GPS
API - Application Programming Interface

13/51
Security results
WS-Security can be adapted for reasonable MWS message of 2-5 kb Best scenario (Highly secured and better performance)
AES-256 Symmetric key encryption RSA 1024 bit key exchange RSAwithSHA1 signature
Hardware support recommended

Can consume less power Examples:
Smart Card Processors [UMIC] ARM TrustZone technology Discretix CryptoCell technology
Satish Srirama
AES - Advanced Encryption Standard 14/51 IDEA - International Data Encryption Algorithm
DES - Data Encryption Standard DSA - Digital Signature Algorithm
Application level security

Ensuring end-point security
Achieving single sign-on (SSO) Liberty Alliance ID-FF protocols

Identity provider Third party identity validator
SourceID Liberty 2.0 Beta
Semantics-Based Access Control [Naumenko, 2007]

Satish Srirama
SBAC encompasses administration and enforcement of access control policies for semantic web services OWL (Web Ontology Language) ontologies for resources, operations, privilege, prohibitions etc. Prototyped using Jena
15/51
QoS extensions Scalability issues

Original Mobile Host was successful in handling 8 concurrent requests Scalability is inversely proportional to transmission delays Scalability can be improved by
Achieving higher data transmission rates Achieving less data to transmit
Improves battery life as transmission is major energy consumer [Raghunathan et
al., 2002]
Satish Srirama
Minimal encoding is not always the best option

Compression gain vs added performance latency
XML Compression
XMill [Liefke and Suciu, 1999] Fast Infoset [Sandoz et al., 2004] Efficient XML [AgileDelta]
16/51
Scalability analysis
BinXML [Ericsson and Levenshteyn, 2003]
XML tags replaced by Unique byte value 6 reserved bytes (0x00-0x03, 0xFE, 0xFF) Effective for SOAP messages
Analysis
BinXML enabled MH MIME media type application/soap+binxml Expert rating service ~ 15% gain
10000 9000 8000 Time in Milliseconds 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0
Comparision of mobile web service invocation times with and without BinXML compression
9297 8606 7964 6519 WithoutBinxml WithBinxml
Satish Srirama
1205 691 0 Total time at client 240 Transmission time
MWS compression gain:
Server Client processing time processing time
Tmwscg = Treqt + Trest Treqenc Treqdec Tresenc Tresdec

17/51
MIME - Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
Mobile Enterprise Discovery issues

WS WS WS
Satish Srirama
Mobile Enterprise
WS
WS
$
Mobile operator
18/51
Mobile Host in P2P networks Mobile web service provisioning in P2P networks
Variety of applications in domains like entertainment systems, ubiquitous computing etc.
Advantages for mobiles

Efficient use of resources Distribute responsibilities Save processing power
Gnutella Pure P2P Degree of decentralization Freenet Groove Bit Torrent Superpeer Kazaa Skype Jabber Magi Napster Client/Server SETI@Home Avaki JXTA
Satish Srirama
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File Sharing
Collaborative/ Communication
Distributed Computing
Platforms
Mobile Host in JXTA network

JXTA Network JXTA Rendezvous peer Mobile Operator Network
JXTA Super peer (Relay & Rendezvous) BTS1
BTS2
WS
BTS3
WS
JXME edge peer
JXME edge peer Virtual P2P Network JXTA Relay peer JXME edge peer
Satish Srirama
WS
JXTA Rendezvous peer
JXME edge peer
Technical advantages to Mobile Host

Eliminating the need for Public IP Better identification/access mechanisms (Peer ID)
Web service invocation in JXTA [Hajamohideen, 2003; JXTA-SOAP] Port forwarding model
20/51
Better service discovery
Mobile web service discovery issues

Huge number of services are possible with Mobile Hosts Centralized UDDI not the best solution
Problems with bottlenecks
Mobile nodes are dynamic

Services are to be published again and again Problems with stale advertisements
Satish Srirama
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VISR - View based Integration of Web Service Registries
Mobile web services discovery

Publishing mobile web services in JXTA / JXME (JXTA for J2ME)
JXTA Modules [Elenius, 2003] Life time of advertisements

<jxta:MSA> <MSID> . . . </MSID> ... <Parm> <WSDL> ... <WSDL> </Parm> ... </jxta:MSA>
Module class
Advertise the existence of a service
UDDI Registry
Module Specification
Advertise how to access a Service (API, messages)
Service Interface Service Implementation
WSDL
Satish Srirama
Module Implementation
Advertise a platform specific implementation
MCAs (Module Class Advertisement) specify the existence of MWS MSAs (Module Specification Advertisement) advertise mobile web services Discovery of MSAs with name & description
Works, but not very precise
Adapted UDDI categorization

22/51
Scalability evaluation of MWS discovery

JXTA Benchmarking project [java.net] Scalability test topologies MSAs are published into the group categorization hierarchy Scalability evaluation results
41% less latency achieved with categorization Discovery time grows linearly Observations with different test topologies shows mobile web service discovery with categorization is scalable
Satish Srirama
23/51
RDV Rendezvous peer
Mobile Enterprise Integration issues

WS WS WS
Satish Srirama
Mobile Enterprise
WS
WS
$
Mobile operator
24/51
Mobile Web Services Mediation Framework (MWSMF)

QoS analysis identified the need for intermediary node Similarly MWS discovery needs super peers How to integrate mobile web services and P2P domains taking care of QoS?
BTS2 BTS3
MWSMF
WS Client
BTS JXTA Super peer
UDDI
QoS Provisioning
Internet
Satish Srirama
Virtual P2P Network

JXME edge peer JXTA Relay peer JXME edge peer JXME edge peer JXME edge peer
JXTA Rende-
JXTA zvous peer Network

JXTA Rendezvous peer
JXME edge peer
JXME edge peer
WS Accessible to IP network
25/51
MWSMF design Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)

Enterprise Service Bus provides a set of infrastructure capabilities, implemented by middleware technology, that enable the integration of services in an SOA [Keen et al., 2004] QoS provisioning features include message persistence, guaranteed delivery, failure handling
Satish Srirama
Java Business Integration (JBI) [JSR 208]

A platform for building enterprise class ESB using a pluggable and service based design
ServiceMix
Open source ESB tool based on JBI
26/51
JBI basics
JBI framework supports two types of components
Service engine Binding component
Normalized messages
XML payload Conformance with WSDL
Satish Srirama
Normalized Message Router Message exchange patterns

In-Only Robust-In-Only In-Out In-Optional-Out
Endpoint
27/51
Service endpoint (Service QName + endpoint name)
MWSMF - Components
MWSMF
HttpReceiver
WS Client
Internet
Broker
N o r m a li z e d M e s s a g e R o u t e r
HttpInvoker
ContentBased Router
Mobile Host
WS
Satish Srirama
Binary Transformer XSLT Transformer
QoS Verifier
SAAJBinding
P2PMapper
Context Engine
28/51
Message flows in MWSMF Mobile web service message optimization scenario

Improving scalability of the Mobile Host
JBI Container MWSMF

3 4 9 10 8
Broker
Binary Transformer
Satish Srirama
Supplementary features of MWSMF

Hosts a UDDI registry Supports automatic startup of Mobile Hosts
PushRegistry of WMA (Wireless messaging API)
N M R
5
HttpReceiver
11
HttpInvoker
12
Internet
Mobile Host
WS
29/51
Performance evaluation of MWSMF

Mobile web service message optimization scenario
Expert rating service
ApacheBench load generator [WSO2] Established on a laptop Successful in handling 110 concurrent requests Mean value of handling a client ~ 130 ms Evaluation proved that MWSMF can handle large number of concurrent clients
Time-Diagram
TPS-Diagram
16 Transactions per second (TPS) 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
11 0 16 0
Satish Srirama
Time to handle single client (ms)
35,000.00 30,000.00 25,000.00 20,000.00 Time 15,000.00 10,000.00 5,000.00 0.00
TPS
20 0
11 0
13 0
16 0
24 0
28 0
50
70
10
30
90
No of concurrent requests
No of concurrent requests
30/51
28 0
13 0
20 0
24 0
10
30
50
70
90
Mobile Enterprise Applications

WS WS WS
Satish Srirama
Mobile Enterprise
WS
WS
$
Mobile operator
31/51
Applications of Mobile Host Monitoring power networks

Field maintenance crews collect information Operators and experts can prescribe suggestions and changes
Avoid polling
Satish Srirama
WS GPRS Mobile Infrastructure Journalist 1 GPRS GPRS WS Internet GPRS
WS
Ex: Checking for updates of RSS feeds
Journalist 2
Communities of practice
Collaborative journalism MobileHost CoLearn system
Collaborative M-Learning
32/51
WS
Journalist 4
Journalist 3
Editor
RSS - Really Simple Syndication
MobileHost CoLearn system Features & modules hierarchy

[Ivanova, 2007]
Satish Srirama
Usability analysis is conducted Software Usability Measurement Inventory (SUMI) [UCC, 2007] System Usability Scale (SUS) [Brooke,
2007]
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Summary of MHESI results

QoS aspects
[IJWET, 2009]
MWS security can be provided with modest performance penalties Identified best scenario for securing MWS Scalability is critical for Mobile Hosts performance Adapted BinXML for MWS to improve battery life
Scope of Mobile Host in P2P networks

Discovery of mobile web services Alternative addressing and invocation mechanisms for MWS are identified
Satish Srirama
Architecture, features and realization details of MWSMF are identified

Evaluation proved MWSMF can handle large number of concurrent clients Deployment scenario is feasible
Validation
Detailed usability analysis of MobileHost CoLearn system proves the adaptability of Mobile Host by different communities
34/51
Outline
Background Mobile Hosts in Enterprise Service Integration

Mobile Host Mobile Host: Quality of Service (QoS) extensions Mobile Host in Peer to Peer (P2P) networks Mobile Web Services Mediation Framework Applications of Mobile Host
Satish Srirama
Cloud Computing Research Directions

35/51
What is Cloud Computing? Computing as a utility

Utility services e.g. water, electricity, gas etc Consumers pay based on their usage
Satish Srirama
Gartner: Cloud computing is a style of computing where massively scalable IT-related capabilities are provided as a service across the Internet to multiple external customers
36/51
Cloud Computing - Services

Software as a Service SaaS
A way to access applications hosted on the web through your web browser
Level of Abstraction
SaaS
Facebook, Flikr, Myspace.com, Google maps API, Gmail
Platform as a Service PaaS

A pay-as-you-go model for IT resources accessed over the Internet
Infrastructure as a Service IaaS

Satish Srirama
PaaS
Google App Engine, Force.com, Hadoop, Azure, Amazon S3, etc
Use of commodity computers, distributed across Internet, to perform parallel processing, distributed storage, indexing and mining of data Virtualization
IaaS
Amazon EC2, Joyent Accelerators, Nirvanix Storage Delivery Network, etc.
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Cloud Computing - Themes

Massively scalable On-demand & dynamic Elastic

No upfront commitments, use on short term basis
Satish Srirama
Accessible via Internet, location independent Transparent

Complexity concealed from users, virtualized, abstracted
Service oriented
Easy to use SLAs
38/51
SLA Service Level Agreement
Cloud Models Internal (private) cloud

Cloud with in an organization
Community cloud
Cloud infrastructure jointly owned by several organizations
Public cloud
Satish Srirama
Cloud infrastructure owned by an organization, provided to general public as service
Hybrid cloud
Composition of two or more cloud models
39/51
Virtualization
Satish Srirama
Virtualization techniques are the bases of the cloud computing Virtualization technologies partition hardware and thus provide flexible and scalable computing platforms Virtual machine techniques
VMware and Xen OpenNebula Amazon ec2
40/51
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)

Virtual machine images with dynamic or static IP addresses Provides on-demand processing power From $0.10/instance * hour + bandwidth
Satish Srirama
41/51
EC2 Templates
Mobile Hosts in Enterprise Service Integration
EC2 node configuration stored as Amazon Machine Image (AMI) 100s of stock AMIs available
Generic Linux distributions Hadoop configurations Web server / database installations
Satish Srirama
Existing AMIs can be customized & saved for later reuse
42/51
Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)

Virtually infinite storage capacity Cost: $0.15/GB*month + bandwidth

Free high-speed access to/from EC2 nodes
Secure data transfer via SSL Encrypted storage is also possible

Satish Srirama
43/51
Google App Engine

Integrated cloud computing platform Users can run Web applications written using Python Compute resources with GFS- and BigTable - backed storage Not many architectural details are public
Satish Srirama
44/51
GFS Google File System
Hadoop
Satish Srirama
Open source implementation of Google MapReduce parallel processing framework Flexible infrastructure for large scale computation and data processing on a network of commodity hardware Top level Apache Foundation project In production use at Yahoo, Facebook, Amazon, IBM etc. Very active development Hosted internally or externally (like on ec2)
45/51
Hadoop File System (HDFS)

Satish Srirama
A distributed file system for large data (Petabytes) Based on Google file system (GFS) Data is replicated Built-in redundancy, resiliency to large scale data On commodity hardware Intelligent distribution across racks
46/51
Hadoop Programming model : MapReduce

Offline computing engine Sort/Merge based distributed computing model Very simple programming model
Map (anything) -> key, value sort, partition on key Reduce (key, value) -> key, value
Satish Srirama
Metaphor
input | map | shuffle | reduce > output cat * | awk | sort | uniq -c > file
47/51
Hadoop Processing Model

Create or allocate a cluster Put data onto the file system

Data is split into blocks Replicated and stored in the cluster
Run your job

Satish Srirama
Copy Map code to the allocated nodes

Move computation to data, not data to computation
Gather output of Map, sort and partition on key Run Reduce tasks
Results are stored in the HDFS

48/51
Hadoop Usage Patterns Extract, transform, and load (ETL)

Perform aggregations, transformation, normalizations on the data (e.g. Log files) and load into RDBMS/ data mart
Reporting and analytics

Run ad-hoc queries, analytics and data mining operations on large data
Satish Srirama
Data processing pipelines Machine learning & Graph algorithms

Implement machine learning algorithms on huge data sets Traverse large graphs and data sets, building models and classifiers
49/51
Research questions Scientific computing on the cloud

How to reduce scientific problems to MapReduce
Virtualization
Semantic discovery of vms
Application domains for cloud computing

Satish Srirama
Scope for collaboration applications on clouds
Application and data integration across clouds

Scope for EAI and ESB technologies
50/51
Research questions - continued Service management

Users can plug to multiple clouds Discovery and composition of services
Decision models for clouds

Parameters for deploying applications on clouds
Satish Srirama
51/51
Thank you
Satish Srirama
52/51
satish.srirama@ut.ee

MobileEnterprise CloudComputing

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Mobile Enterprise & Cloud Computing

Mobile Enterprise & Cloud Computing

Mobile Enterprise & Cloud Computing

Background Mobile Hosts in Enterprise Service Integration

Cloud Computing Research Directions

Mobile Hosts in Enterprise Service Integration (MHESI) - Motivation

Web services (WS)

Describe Find Publish

Developments in wireless domain

Mobile web services (MWS) [LA, OMA]

Mobile web service provisioning

Remote patient tele-monitoring

Mobile web service provisioning continued

Service provisioning is necessary!!! But why web services?

Mobile services can be integrated with larger enterprise services

Multiple Mobile Hosts collaborate bringing value to enterprise

Mobile Host Performance

1000 344 0 T_mwsp T_trans T_sd T_process T_ss 297 203

Mobile Enterprise Enterprise Service Integration

Where can I publish ?

What are the Application domains ?

So many services !!! How can I find most relevant one?

How many clients can I satisfy?

Do I have such infrastructure that is scalable? Can I have a bird view ?

Mobile Host: QoS extensions Security issues

Can traditional security standards be adapted for mobile web services?

QoS extensions Security issues Security breaches

Spoofing Network Eavesdropping Tampering

Unauthorized Access Replay Attacks

Operator DDOS Attacks

Security specifications End-to-end security

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

Security Standards for WS

Can we adapt WSSE for mobile web services?

Service-level authentication User-intervened authorization Message-level security

API - Application Programming Interface

Hardware support recommended

DES - Data Encryption Standard DSA - Digital Signature Algorithm

Application level security

Achieving single sign-on (SSO) Liberty Alliance ID-FF protocols

SourceID Liberty 2.0 Beta

Semantics-Based Access Control [Naumenko, 2007]

QoS extensions Scalability issues

Minimal encoding is not always the best option

1205 691 0 Total time at client 240 Transmission time

MWS compression gain:

Server Client processing time processing time

Tmwscg = Treqt + Trest Treqenc Treqdec Tresenc Tresdec

MIME - Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions

Mobile Enterprise Discovery issues

Where can I publish ?

What are the Application domains ?

So many services !!! How can I find most relevant one?

How many clients can I satisfy?

Do I have such infrastructure that is scalable? Can I have a bird view ?

Variety of applications in domains like entertainment systems, ubiquitous computing etc.

Advantages for mobiles

Mobile Host in JXTA network

JXTA Super peer (Relay & Rendezvous) BTS1

JXME edge peer

JXTA Rendezvous peer

JXME edge peer