Metamaterials and Plasmonics: Fundamentals, Modelling, Applications

NATO Science for Peace and Security Series

This Series presents the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO Programme: Science for Peace and Security (SPS). The NATO SPS Programme supports meetings in the following Key Priority areas: (1) Defence Against Terrorism; (2) Countering other Threats to Security and (3) NATO, Partner and Mediterranean Dialogue Country Priorities. The types of meeting supported are generally "Advanced Study Institutes" and "Advanced Research Workshops". The NATO SPS Series collects together the results of these meetings. The meetings are coorganized by scientists from NATO countries and scientists from NATO's "Partner" or "Mediterranean Dialogue" countries. The observations and recommendations made at the meetings, as well as the contents of the volumes in the Series, reflect those of participants and contributors only; they should not necessarily be regarded as reflecting NATO views or policy. Advanced Study Institutes (ASI) are high-level tutorial courses intended to convey the latest developments in a subject to an advanced-level audience Advanced Research Workshops (ARW) are expert meetings where an intense but informal exchange of views at the frontiers of a subject aims at identifying directions for future action Following a transformation of the programme in 2006 the Series has been re-named and re-organised. Recent volumes on topics not related to security, which result from meetings supported under the programme earlier, may be found in the NATO Science Series. The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer, Dordrecht, in conjunction with the NATO Public Diplomacy Division. Sub-Series A. B. C. D. E. Chemistry and Biology Physics and Biophysics Environmental Security Information and Communication Security Human and Societal Dynamics Springer Springer Springer IOS Press IOS Press

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Series B: Physics and Biophysics

Metamaterials and Plasmonics: Fundamentals, Modelling, Applications

Edited by

Sad Zouhdi
University Paris Sud Orsay, France

Ari Sihvola
and

Helsinki University of Technology Espoo, Finland

Alexey P. Vinogradov
Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia

Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Metamaterials for Secure Information and Communication Technologies Marrakech, Morocco 710 May 2008

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008940143

ISBN 978-1-4020-9406-4 (PB) ISBN 978-1-4020-9405-7 (HB) ISBN 978-1-4020-9407-1 (e-book)

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Contents
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PART I. GENERAL ASPECTS OF METAMATERIALS AND PLASMONICS

Handedness in Plasmonics: Electrical Engineers Perspective A. Sihvola, and S. Zouhdi .3 Bounds on Metamaterials Theoretical and Experimental Results G. Kristensson, C. Larsson, C. Sohl, and M. Gustafsson .. 21 PART II. TRANSFORMATION MEDIA AND CLOAKING Plasmonic Cloaks A. Al, and N. Engheta ...37 Geometrical Transformations for Numerical Modelling and for New Material Design in Photonics A. Nicolet, F. Zolla, Y. Ould Agha, and S. Guenneau ....49 Transformation and Moving Media: A Unified Approach Using Geometric Algebra M. A. Ribeiro and C. R. Paiva 63 PART III. EFFECTIVE MEDIUM MODELING Homogenization of Split-Ring Arrays, Seen as the Exploitation of Translational Symmetry A. Bossavit ..77 Mixing Formulas and Plasmonic Composites H. Walln, H. Kettunen, and A. Sihvola . 91 PART IV. APPLICATIONS: ANTENNAS, ABSORBERS Applications of EBG in Low Profile Antenna Designs: What Have We Learned? Y. Rahmat-Samii and F. Yang ..105 Negative Index Metamaterial Lens for the Scanning Angle Enhancement of Phased-Array Antennas T. Lam, C. Parazzoli, and M. Tanielian ...121 Application of Wire Media in Antenna Technology S. Hrabar...139 Optimization of Radar Absorber Structures Using Genetic Algorithms N. Lassouaoui, H. H. Ouslimani, and A. Priou.... 153
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Design of Metamaterial-Based Resonant Microwave Absorbers with Reduced Thickness and Absence of a Metallic Backing F. Bilotti and L. Vegni ..165 PART V. METAMATERIAL ELEMENTS AND COMPONENTS Dual-Mode Metamaterial-Based Microwave Components D. S. Goshi, A. Lai, and T. Itoh 177 Chiral Swiss Rolls M. C. K. Wiltshire 191 Trapped-Mode Resonances in Planar Metamaterials with High Structural Symmetry S. Prosvirnin, N. Papasimakis, V. Fedotov, S. Zouhdi, and N. Zheludev 201 Fabricating Plasmonic Components for Nano- and Meta-Photonics A. Boltasseva, R. B. Nielsen, C. Jeppesen, A. Kristensen, R. Bakker, Z. Liu, H.-K. Yuan, A. V. Kildishev, and V. M. Shalaev .. 209 Line Source Excitation of an Array of Circular Metamaterial Cylinders: Boundary Value Solution and Applications B. H. Henin, A. Z. Elsherbeni, M. H. Al Sharkawy, and F. Yang 223 PART VI. SURFACES AND PLANAR STRUCTURES Analytical Modeling of Surface Waves on High Impedance Surfaces A. B. Yakovlev, O. Luukkonen, C. R. Simovski, S. A. Tretyakov, S. Paulotto, P. Baccarelli, and G. W. Hanson .239 Migration and Collision of Magnetoplasmon Modes in Magnetised Planar Semiconductor-Dielectric Layered Structures A. G. Schuchinsky and X. Yan...255 PART VII. TRANSMISSION LINES AND WAVEGUIDES Dispersion Engineering in Resonant Type Metamaterial Transmission Lines and Applications J. Bonache, G. Sis, M. Gil and F. Martn... 269 Compact Dual-Band Rat-Race Coupler Based on a Composite Right/Left Handed Transmission Line X. Hu and S. He.281 Dispersion and Losses in Metamaterial DNG H-Guides A. L. Topa, C. R. Paiva, and A. M. Barbosa 289 Contributors ...299

Preface
Sad Zouhdi1, Ari Sihvola2, and Alexey Vinogradov3
1

LGEPSuplec, Plateau de Moulon, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France said.zouhdi@supelec.fr 2 Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Radio Science and Engineering Box 3000, FI02015 TKK, Finland ari.sihvola@tkk.fi 3 Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences Ul. Izhorskaya, Moscow, 125412, Russia a-vinogr@yandex.ru

The cross-disciplinary field of metamaterials is emerging into the mainstream of electromagnetics and materials science research. The spark ignited by the theoretical speculations of double-negative media in the famous article by Victor Veselago stayed unnoticed for over 30 years before it expanded into flames of active research during the present century. Metamaterials are presently the topic of scientific discussions, seminars, sessions, conferences, at least one dedicated journal, research programs, networks, and increasingly growing amount of proposals for research funding. Networking is one of the characteristic features in the new wave of metamaterials research. Due to its interdisciplinary character, it transcends boundaries between research fields. Investigators come from different traditions. They approach metamaterials problems, succeed in solving some, fail with others, create new, and change the way we see the field. The backgrounds are in electrical engineering, electromagnetics, solid state physics, microwave and antenna engineering, optoelectronics, classical optics, materials science, semiconductor engineering, and nanotechnology. The research orientations vary from theoretical analysis, computational and analytical modeling, and experimentalist approach to applicationinterested engineering. META08, the NATO Advanced Research Workshop with the subtitle Metamaterials for Secure Information and Communication Technologies, was organized in the city of Marrakech in Morocco in early May, 2008. Over 200 participants from 34 countries had the possibility to hear about the latest advances in the theory and applications of metamaterials from 13 plenary talks, and in 26 oral sessions and two poster sessions. META08 was part of The Science for Peace and Security Program which is open to scientists from NATO, Partner, and Mediterranean Dialogue countries. In particular, the meeting enjoyed the high patronage of His Majesty Mohammed VI, King of Morocco.

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This book attempts to chart the state-of-the-art of metamaterials research. The chapters to follow have been invited from selected speakers in META08. The contributions are extended articles based on the presentations in the meeting. The chairman of META08 was Professor Sad Zouhdi from the University Paris Sud, France. The local organizing committee was chaired by Professor Rachid Dkiouak from the University Abdelmalek Essaadi. Dr. Alexei Vinogradov (Institute of Theoretical and Applied Electromagnetism in Moscow, Russia) served as co-director of the NATO ARW. The meeting was also sponsored by the METAMORPHOSE Network of Excellence (EU), the Office of Naval Research Global (UK), GDR Ondes (France), US Army International Technology Center (UK), SUPELEC (France), CNRS (France), DGA (France), CST (Germany), IEEE-APS (USA), URSI (Belgium), University Abdelmalek Essaadi (Morocco), and Laboratoire de Gnie Electrique de Paris (France). A meeting devoted to metamaterials has also its history. META08 can be connected to the series of chiral and bi-anisotropics workshops and conferences that took place in 1990s, and focused on emergent electromagnetic properties in complex materials and their applications. Two times before, such conferences have been arranged in the format of NATO Advanced Research Workshop: in 1996 (in Russia [1]) and in 2002 (also in Marrakech [2]).

References
1. 2. Priou, A., Sihvola, A., Tretyakov, S., Vinogradov, A. (eds.): Advances in Complex Electromagnetic Materials. NATO ASI Series: 3: High Technology, 28, Kluwer, Dordrecht (1997) Zouhdi, S., Sihvola, A., Arsalane, M. (eds.): Advances in Electromagnetics of Complex Media and Metamaterials. NATO Science Series: II: Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry, 89, Kluwer, Dordrecht (2003)

Photo on the facing page: the plenary speakers of the Advanced Research Workshop META08 standing in the courtyard of the Hotel Atlas Asni in Marrakech.

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