Tutorial Sheet 1

1. Show that the vectors (1 , 2 ) and (1 , 2 ) in C2 are linearly dependent if and only if 1 2 = 2 1 . 2. Let P = R[x], the space of all polynomial functions over the real eld R. Let f (x), g(x), h(x), k(x) P be dened as f (x) = 1, g(x) = x, h(x) = x2 and k(x) = 1+x+x2 for all x R. Show that f (x), g(x), h(x) and k(x) are linearly dependent over R but any three of them are linearly independent over R. 3. Under what conditions on the scalars, do the vectors (1, 1, 1), (1, , 2 ), (1, , 2 ) form a basis of C3 ? 4. Let VF be a vector space over eld F. Let W = U {x} and Y = U {y}, where x, y VF and U is a subspace of VF . Prove that if y W \ U, then x Y. 5. Let V be a vector space over eld F. If x, y, z V are such that x+y +z = 0, then x and y span the same subspace as y and z. 6. Prove that C is a 2-dimensional vector space over R. 7. Let S be the set of all polynomials in R[x] of degree at most n (n is a xed non-negative integer). Show that S is a vector space over R of dimension n. 8. Let V be a vector space over R and let T = {(x, y) | x, y V }. Dene addition in T componentwise and scalar multiplication by a complex number + by ( + )(x, y) = (x y, x + y). Show that T is a vector space over C. Also show that the dimension of T over C is equal to the dimension of V over R. 9. If S and T are non-empty subsets of the vector space V, establish that (a) S T S T . (b) S T = S + T . (c) S = S if and only if S is a subspace of V. (d) S = S. 10. If for each n N, the function fn is dened by fn (x) = enx for all x R, then show that f1 , f2 , f3 are linearly independent vectors in the vector space of all real valued functions on R. 11. Let {U1 , U2 , . . . , Ut } be any collection of subspaces of an n-dimensional vector space V such that the intersection of any n of these subspaces has dimension at least one. Prove that dim(U1 U2 . . . Ut ) 1. 12. Let V be a vector space over F of dimension n. If V1 and V2 are subspaces each of dimension strictly greater than n/2, then prove that V1 V2 = {0}. 1

13. Find the total number of bases of V = F n , where F is a (nite) eld containing q elements. Here q is a prime power (why?). 14. Extend {(3, 1, 2)} to two dierent bases for R3 . 15. Let V1 and V2 be the subspaces of R4 generated by {(1, 1, 0, 1), (1, 2, 3, 0), (2, 3, 3, 1)} and {(1, 2, 2, 2), (2, 3, 2, 3), (1, 3, 4, 3)} respectively. Find the dimensions of (i) V1 (ii) V2 (iii) V1 + V2 (iv) V1 V2 . 16. Let V1 and V2 be subspaces of R4 given by V1 = {(a, b, c, d) | b2c+d = 0} and V2 = {(a, b, c, d) | a = d, b = 2c}. Find a basis and dimension of (i) V1 (ii) V2 (iii) V1 V2 (iv) V1 + V2 . 17. Let W be a subspace of R4 spanned by the set {(1, 1, 0, 1), (1, 0, 0, 1), (1, 1, 2, 1), (0, 1, 0, 1), (0, 1, 0, 2), (1, 1, 1, 1)}. Find a basis, and hence the dimension of W.