EVs( electric vehicles)

and its mpact on the power system

Mateo Alejandro Corts
Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Outline
The Electric Vehicle (EV)
Impact on power system

Possible solutions

Summary

EVs (Electric Vehicles)

Rationale Efficiency Types of EVs Batteries

Rationale: Why Evs?

Green wave Eco-friendly and efficient technology

Rationale: Why Evs?

Source: Tesla Motors. (http://www.teslamotors.com/goelectric/efficiency)

EV types:

http://www.hydroquebec.com/

EVs classification

Energy and power of different battery types

Source: Technology Roadmap, Electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. International Energy Agency

EVs penetration forecast

Source: International Energy Agency (IEA)

Impact on Power System (distribution)

Pilot projects Studies and simulations

Source: Center of Electromechanics, University of Texas

Problems and negative impacts?

Increasing energy demand (possible need of more substations) THD harmonic distortion- (shorter distribution transformers lifecycle)

Distribution transformers overload

They depend on

Chargers design

Amount of electric vehicles in use

Distribution transformer loading at different penetration levels of PEVs

K.J. Yunus, M. Reza, H. Parra, K. Srivastava, Impacts of Stochastic Residential Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging on Distribution Grid, ISGT 2012, Washington, USA.

Solutions and workarorunds

Improving design Control of charging cycles Smart Grids

EV Chargers improvements
Technology and manufacturing

changes in chargers have made possible a reduction in THD, from 50 % to 6 % average THD when the charge begins and from 70% to 28% at the end of charging.

Smart grids
Smart grids adoption should allow integration of automated metering and variable energy prices and demand; achieving an optimum EVs charging scheme.

Situational Awareness
Applied to power systems and to the power grid operation, can help in obtaining more reliable and accurate forecasts regarding future demand, infrastructure and energy capacity of the system.

Knowing what is going on around you !!

Summary

EVs penetration in the near future Situational awareness of the grid

Important ideas
EVs use is not that spread for having evident effects on the grid right now. Several research done about it shows distribution transformers could become overloaded due to exceeding of their powerhandling capacity.

Important ideas
Improved EVs chargers have lowered THD. Smart grids may allow control of charging cycles, reducing peak demand. EVs future widespread use should require additional infrastructure

Any Questions ?? Suggestions?

References

1. Mario Alberto Ros. Impact of Electric Vehicle in Distribution Systems. Smart Grids on electric Mobility (SGeM). Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2012. 2. Renato Cspedes. Electrical Energy Distribution and Smart Consumers. Smart Grids on electric Mobility (SGeM). Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2012. 3. Pecan Street Project. http://www.pecanstreet.org/ 4. Fabian M Uriarte, Robert Hebner. Simulation of Pecan Streets Smart Grid: A forecast of the impact on Austin energy. Center for Electromechanics, University of Texas, 2012. http://www.utexas.edu/research/cem/ 5. J. Carlos Gmez, Medhat M. Morcos. Impact of EV Battery Chargers on the Power Quality of Distribution Systems. IEEE Transactions On Power Delivery, Vol. 18, No. 3, July 2003.

Thanks !