Experiment 3 Study of the steady state performance of threephase alternator

Conducted on: 9 sept 2011 Submitted on: 16 sept 2011 By: Bhanuday Birla

Aim: - Study of the steady state performance of a three-phase alternator.

(a) Conduct the (i) OCC test, (ii) SCC test, and (iii) stator resistance measurement the machine. (b) Conduct load test and draw (i) voltage regulation with output VA, and (ii) voltage with output VA at UPF load. (c) Compute following characteristics: (i) voltage regulation with output VA, (ii) voltage with output VA at unity, 0.8 lagging and 0.8 leading power factor loads. Use the parameters calculated in part (a) for simulation. (d) Compute following characteristics: (i) power factor vs. power, (iii) armature current vs. power, (iv) V curves and (v) inverted V curves in gird connected mode. Use the parameters calculated in part (a) for simulation. Equipment and Components: DC motor driven three phase Alternator set. (i)For DC motor:- RPM = 900/1800
rated volts = 0-220V rated current = 0-35amps rated power = 8.5HP (ii)For Alternator:RPM = 1500 rated volts = 0-400V rated current = 0-8.7amps K.V.A. = p.f. = 0.8 Excitation volts = 0-20V Excitation current = 0-10.5amps frequency = 50Hz

(b) Two Rheostat of suitable range for field control (c) One dc Ammeter (0-1A) (d) Three AC Ammeters (0-10A) (e) Three AC Voltmeters (0-500V) (f) Two UPF wattmeter (600V, 10A) (g) Suitable three phase resistance loads.

Theory:
Open circuit test: (i)Also known as No-Load test. (ii)It is used to find the field current( If ) and internal voltage Ef.

(iii) The OCC follows a straight-line relation as long as the magnetic circuit of the synchronous generator does not saturate. In the linear region, most of the applied mmf is consumed by the air-gap; the straight line is appropriately called the air-gap line. As the saturation sets in, the OCC starts deviating from the air-gap line. Short circuit test:

(i)The short-circuit test provides information about the current capabilities of a synchronous generator.

Load Test: Load test is conducted to find mainly voltage regulation. The voltage regulation of an alternator is the per unit voltage rise at its terminals when a given load at a given power factor is thrown-off, the excitation and speed remaining same. Regulation is governed by the armature resistance, leakage reactance and to a large extent by the armature reaction and can be pre-determined by using load test or using any one method like (i)synchronous impedance method. (ii)magneto-motive force method . (iii) zero power factor method. Formula for voltage regulation is : V = 100 (VS VL) / VL V = Voltage regulation in percent VL = Voltage across load

VS =Voltage at source

Procedure:
Open Circuit Test: (i)Drive the generator at its rated speed. (ii)While the armature winding is left open as shown in fig 3.1. (iii)Vary the field current in suitable steps and the corresponding values of the open-circuit voltage varied in suitable steps. (iv) Notedown the corresponding values of the open-circuit voltage between any two pair of terminals of the armature windings. (v)Record the results in table.

Short Circuit Test: (i)The short-circuit test provides information about the current capabilities of a synchronous generator. (ii)Drive the generator at its rated speed when the terminals of the armature winding are shorted.as shown in Fig. 3.1. (iii)Place the ammeter in series with one of the three shorted lines. (iv) Gradually increase the field current and record the corresponding value of the armature current . The maximum armature current under short circuit should not exceed 1.5 times the rated armature current of the generator. When the per phase short-circuit current is plotted as a function of the field current, the graph is called the short circuit characteristic of a generator. Tabulate the results in table. Stator Resistance Measurement: (i)The resistance is measured between armature terminals of alternator either by using voltmeter ammeter method or using high precision multimeter. With the help of recorded values per phase resistance is calculated depends on machine is star or delta connected. If it is star connected, per phase resistance is given as (Rmeas/2) and if it is delta connected it is given as (3/2) Rmeas. Load Test: In load test alternator is loaded with different power factor loads and change in terminal voltage is observed from its rated terminal voltage. The connections are as shown in Fig. 3.2. Tabulate the results in table.

Result: No load test:

S.No
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Alternator Field Current If (amps) 0.5 1 1.6 2 2.7 3 3.8 5 7 8.4

Armature phase voltage Va (volts) 22.5 43.8 66.3 81.1 106.8 118.2 138.2 163 191.9 205.1

Armature phase voltage Vb (volts) 22.85 44.1 64.7 81.32 108.8 117.5 138.3 163.2 192 205.2

Armature phase voltage Vc (volts) 23.04 44.7 64.1 81.5 108.4 117.6 139.4 163.3 192.2 205.8

Short circuit test: S.No Alternator Field Current If (amps) 5.8 5.2 4.9 4.4 4.1 3.15 2.4 1.8 1 Armature phase Current Ib (amps) 8.7 8 7.5 6.5 6.1 4.9 3.8 2.8 1.5

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

MATLAB Code:
clc; clear; disp(' EEP - 203 Practical no. 3') for i = 1:11%Taking Input of Voltage... nLVa(i) = input('Give voltage readings...for phase a ')/sqrt(3); nLVb(i) = input('Give voltage readings...for phase b ')/sqrt(3); nLVc(i) = input('Give voltage readings...for phase c ')/sqrt(3); end nLVavg = (nLVa + nLVb + nLVc)/3; for i = 1:11%Taking Input of Current... If(i) = input('Give respective readings of field current.');

end title('No Load Voltage vs Field Current'); xlabel('Field current'); ylabel('No Load Voltage'); subplot(2,2,1); plot(If,nLVavg); hold all; disp(' SCC - Short Circuit Characterstics') for i = 1:9 Isca(i) = input('give short circuit current readings..for phase a '); Iscb(i) = input('give short circuit current readings..for phase b '); Iscc(i) = input('give short circuit current readings..for phase c '); end Iscavg = (Isca + Iscb + Iscc)/3; for i = 1:9 If1(i) = input('Give respective readings of field current.'); end title('Short Circuit Current vs Field Current'); xlabel('Field current'); ylabel('Short Circuit Current'); plot(If1,Iscavg); hold all; Rs = 2;%calculated by stator resistance test... mod_Z = 114.191;%this is for field current .26 amp. just dividing nLV by Isc. Xa = 114.73; disp(' Load test'); for i = 1:5 Va(i) = input('Give voltage readings...for phase a ')/sqrt(3); Vb(i) = input('Give voltage readings...for phase b ')/sqrt(3); Vc(i) = input('Give voltage readings...for phase c ')/sqrt(3); end Vavg = (Va + Vb + Vc)/3; for i = 1:5 nLV(i) = 402/sqrt(3); end If1 = input('Give respective readings of field current.'); for i = 1:5 Ia(i) = input('give current readings..for phase a '); Ib(i) = input('give current readings..for phase b '); Ic(i) = input('give current readings..for phase c '); end VR = ((((nLV-Va)./Va)+((nLV-Vb)./Vb)+((nLV-Vc)./Vc))/3)*100;%Using Simple Formulae. W = Va.*Ia + Vb.*Ib+ Ic.*Vc;%Power Calculated. subplot(2,2,2); title('V.R. vs Load'); xlabel('Load'); ylabel('V.R.'); plot(VR,W); subplot(2,2,3); title('Voltage vs Load'); xlabel('Load'); ylabel('Voltage'); plot(W,Vavg); Z = 114.73*i + 2;