Code No: R050212102 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) What is the disadvantage in having very high meta-centric heights for passen-
ger ships?Expalin.
(b) What are mechanical gauges? Name three important mechanical gauges:-
[8+8]

2. (a) The diameter of a pipe at the sections 1-1 and 2-2 are 200 mm and 300 mm
respectively. If the velocity of water flowing through the pipe at section 1-1 is
4 m/s, find;
i. Discharge through the pipe, and
ii. Velocity of water at section 2-2
(b) Define steady, non-steady, uniform and non-uniform flows. [8+8]

3. (a) Derive equation of motion of Free Vertex Flow?

(b) A nozzle of diameter 30mm is fitted to pipe of 60mm diameter. Find the force
exerted by the nozzle on the water, which is flowing through the pipe at the
rate of 4.0m3 /minute. [8+8]

4. (a) Discuss the relative merits and demerits of venturimeter with respect to orifice
meter
(b) A rectangular channel 6mts wide carries 2800 lit/sec at the depth of 0.9mts.
What height of a broad crested rectangular weir must be installed to double
the depth? Assume a weir co coefficient as 0.86. [7+9]

5. (a) The velocity distribution in the boundary layer is given by the equation
u 3 y

1 y
2
u∞
= 2 δ
−2 δ
Determine the displacement thickness and momentum thickness in terms of
the nominal boundary layer thickness δ.
(b) Air flows at 10 m/sec past smooth rectangular flat plate 0.3 m wide and 3
m long. Assuming that the turbulence level in the on coming stream is low
and that transition occurs at Rex = 5×105 , calculate the ratio of the total
drag when the flow is parallel to the length of the plate to the value when the
flow is parallel to the width. Assume for air kinematic viscosity as 15 ×10−6
m2 /sec. [8+8]

6. (a) Derive Darcy-Weisbach equation for loss of head in a pipe.

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Code No: R050212102 Set No. 1
(b) Two tanks are connected by a 300 mm diameter 1000 m long pipe. Find the
rate of flow if the difference of water level in the tank is 10 m. Take 4f = 0.04
and ignore minor losses. [10+6]

7. (a) Sketch the Reynolds apparatus and explain how the laminar flow can be
demonstrated with the help of this apparatus?
(b) Oil of absolute viscosity 1.5 poise and relative density 0.85 flows through
a 30cm diameter pipe .If the head losses in a 3000M length of a pipe is
20M.estimate the friction factor by assuming the flow to be laminar. [8+8]

8. (a) what is the relation between pressure and density of a compressible fluid for?
i. Isothermal process
ii. Adiabatic process.
(b) A gas is flowing through a horizontal pipe at a temperature of 40 C. The
diameter of the pipe is 8cm and at a section I in the pipe, the pressure is
30.3N/cm2 (gauge). The diameter of the pipe changes from 8cm to 4cm at the
section II, where pressure is 20.3N/cm2 (gauge). Find the velocities of the gas
at these sections assuming an isothermal process. Take R=287.14Nm/Kg.K
and atmosphere pressure=10N/ cm2 . [6+10]

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Code No: R050212102 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Two large fixed parallel planes are 12mm apart. The space between the surfaces
is filled with oil of viscosity 0.972Ns/ m2 . A flat thin plate 0.25 m2 area moves
through the oil at a velocity of 0.3m/s. Calculate the drag force:

(a) When the plate is equidistant from both the planes and
(b) When the thin plate is at a distance of 4mm from one of the plane surfaces.
[16]

2. (a) The Velocity components in x and y directions are given as

2xy 3 2 2yx3
u = 3−x 2 y and v = xy − 3
. Indicate whether the given velocity distribution
is:
i. a possible field of flow.
ii. Not a possible field of flow.
(b) Is the flow-net analysis applicable to rotational flow? If no, why? [8+8]
3. (a) What is Euler’s equation of motion? How will you obtain Bernoulli s equation
from it?
(b) The water is flowing through a pipe having diameters 20 cm and 10 cm at
section I and II respectively. The rate of flow through pipe is 35 Lit/Sec.
The section 1 is 6 m above datum and section II is 4 m above datum. If the
pressure at section I is 39.24 N / c m2 , find the intensity of pressure at section
II. [6+10]
4. (a) Explain Reynolds’s model law.
(b) An orifice meter is to be fitted into a horizontal pipe of 25 cm diameter,
carrying oil of specific gravity 0.86 for the purpose of flow measurement. The
differential head is to be indicated by a U-tube Manometer containing mercury
of specific gravity 13.6. If the manometer reading is not to exceed 0.2 m when
the flow is 15 kg/sec. What would the diameter of the orifice? Take Cd=0.621.
[6+10]
5. (a) Explain with a neat sketch the boundary layer characteristics when a fluid is
flowing over a flat plate.
(b) A thin flat plate 0.3 m wide and 0.6 m long is suspended and exposed parallel
to air flowing with a velocity of 3 m/sec. Calculate drag force on both sides
of the plate when the 0.3 m edge is oriented parallel to free stream. Consider
flow to be laminar and assume for air kinematic viscosity is 0.18 stokes and
density is 1.2 kg/m3 . [10+6]

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Code No: R050212102 Set No. 2
6. A pipeline ABC 180 m long is laid on an upward slope of 1 in 60. The length of
portion AB is 90 m and its diameter is 0.15 m. At B the pipe section suddenly
enlarges to 0.30 m diameter and remains so for the remainder of its length BC, 90
m. A flow of 50 litres per second is pumped into the pipe at its lower end A and is
discharged at the upper end C into a closed tank. The pressure at the supply end
A is 137.34 kN/m2 . Sketch [16]

(a) the total energy line

(b) the hydraulic gradient line and also find the pressure at discharge end C. Take
lV 2
f = 0.02 in hf = f2gD

7. (a) Explain the concept of flow through long pipe along with a neat sketch?
(b) Determine the difference in the elevation between the water surfaces in the
two tanks which are connected by a horizontal pipe of diameter 30cm and
length 400 m. The rate of flow of water through the pipe is 300 lit/s. Neglect
the minor losses and take the value of f=0.008. [8+8]

8. (a) Obtain the expression for the sound wave in a compressible fluid in terms of
change of pressure and change of density.
(b) Air at 300 C at a pressure of 294.3 KN/m2 absolute flows into another reservoir
through an office 50 ×10−4 m2 in area. If the pressure in the reservoir is 147.15
N/m2 absolute, what is the discharge? Given R = 287.14 J/KgK, K = 1.4
and coefficient of discharge Cd = 0.65. [8+8]

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Code No: R050212102 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) A 150mm diameter shaft rotates as 1500 r.p.m. in a 200mm long journal bear-
ing with 150.5mm internal diameter. The uniform annular space between the
shaft and the bearing is filled with oil of dynamic viscosity 0.8poise. Calculate
the power dissipated as heat.
(b) Define the following: [8+8]
i. Atmospheric pressure
ii. Gauge pressure
iii. Vacuum pressure
iv. Absolute pressure.

2. (a) When 2500 litres of water flows per minute through a 0.3m diameter pipe
which later reduces to a 0.15 diameter pipe, calculate the velocities of flow in
the two pipes.
(b) How are fluid flows classified?
(c) What are the properties of a ‘stream tube’. [6+6+4]

3. An open cylindrical vessel 180mm in diameter and 450mm deep is filled with water
up to the top. Estimate the volume of water left in the vessel when it is rotated
about its vertical axis: [16]

(a) With a speed of 200 r.p.m, and

(b) With a speed of 400 r.p.m.

4. In a vertical pipe conveying oil of specific gravity 0.8 two pressure gauges, have been
installed at A & B where the diameters are 16cms and 8cms respectively. A is 2m
above B The pressure gauge reading have shown that the pressure at ‘B’ is greater
than at ‘A’ by 0.981 N/cm2 . Neglecting all lasses, calculate the flow rate. If the
gauges at A and B are replaced by tubes filled with the same liquid and connected
to a U-tube contains mercury, calculate the difference of level of mercury in the
two limbs of the U-tube. [16]

5. (a) Explain physically and mathematically the followin:

i. Displacement thickness
ii. Momentum thickness
iii. Energy thickness.

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Code No: R050212102 Set No. 3
(b) Atmospheric air at 300 C flows parallel to a flat plate at a velocity of 2.5 m/sec.
Estimate the boundary layer thickness at distance from leading edge of the
plate. Use Von-Karman integral method. Assume for air kinematic viscosity
as 16.83 ×10−6 m2 /sec. [12+4]

6. A pipeline ABC 180 m long is laid on an upward slope of 1 in 60. The length of
portion AB is 90 m and its diameter is 0.15 m. At B the pipe section suddenly
enlarges to 0.30 m diameter and remains so for the remainder of its length BC, 90
m. A flow of 50 litres per second is pumped into the pipe at its lower end A and is
discharged at the upper end C into a closed tank. The pressure at the supply end
A is 137.34 kN/m2 . Sketch [16]

(a) the total energy line

(b) the hydraulic gradient line and also find the pressure at discharge end C. Take
lV 2
f = 0.02 in hf = f2gD

7. (a) Sketch the Reynolds apparatus and explain how the laminar flow can be
demonstrated with the help of this apparatus?
(b) Oil of absolute viscosity 1.5 poise and relative density 0.85 flows through
a 30cm diameter pipe .If the head losses in a 3000M length of a pipe is
20M.estimate the friction factor by assuming the flow to be laminar. [8+8]

8. Find the mass flow rate of air through venturimeter having inlet diameter as 400
mm and through diameter 200mm. The pressure at the inlet of the venturimeter
is 27.468 N/ cm2 (abs) and temperature of a air at inlet is 200 C. The pressure at
the throat is given as 25.506 N/ cm2 (abs ).Take R=287 J/Kg-K and K=1.4. [16]

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Code No: R050212102 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What is the disadvantage in having very high meta-centric heights for passen-
ger ships?Expalin.
(b) What are mechanical gauges? Name three important mechanical gauges:-
[8+8]
2. (a) If φ=3xy, find x and y components of velocity at (1,3) and (3,3). Determine
the discharge passing between streamlines passing through these points.
(b) Define one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional flows? [10+6]
3. (a) Define moment of momentum equation and mention where this principle is
used.
(b) A 450 reducing bend is connected in a pipeline the diameter at the inlet
and outlet of the bend being 600mm and 300mm respectively. Find the force
exerted by water on the bend is the intensity of pressure at inlet to bend is
8.829 N/cm2 and rate of flow of water is 600 Lit/s. [7+9]
4. (a) Define the terms
i. Model & Prototype
ii. Model Analysis
iii. Hydraulic Similarities.
(b) The rate of flow of water in a 150 mm diameter pipe is measured with a
venturimeter with a 50 mm diameter throat when a mercury manometer is
connected across the converging section reads 8 mm ,the flow rate is 2.7 kg/s.
What is the Coefficient of discharge at that flow rate and what is permanent
loss of head? Specific gravity of mercury=13.6. [6+10]
5. (a) Explain the mechanics of boundary layer transition.
(b) A 1.8 m long, 300 mm wide plate moves in water at 2.6 m/sec Assuming

0.25
a velocity distribution uu∞ = yδ in the boundary layer, find the drag
resistance if the thickness of boundary layer is 56 mm at the trailing edge.
Find also the drag coefficient. [8+8]
6. A pipeline ABC 180 m long is laid on an upward slope of 1 in 60. The length of
portion AB is 90 m and its diameter is 0.15 m. At B the pipe section suddenly
enlarges to 0.30 m diameter and remains so for the remainder of its length BC, 90
m. A flow of 50 litres per second is pumped into the pipe at its lower end A and is
discharged at the upper end C into a closed tank. The pressure at the supply end
A is 137.34 kN/m2 . Sketch [16]

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Code No: R050212102 Set No. 4
(a) the total energy line
(b) the hydraulic gradient line and also find the pressure at discharge end C. Take
lV 2
f = 0.02 in hf = f2gD

7. (a) Define the terms Kinetic energy correction factor and momentum correction
factor.
(b) The Radial clearance between a hydraulic plunger and the cylinder wall is 0.1
mm, the length of the plunger is 300 mm and diameter 100 mm. Find the
velocity of leakage and rate of leakage past the plunger at an instant when the
difference of the pressure between the two ends of the plunger is 9m of water.
Take mu = 0.0127 Poise. [6+10]

8. (a) Write short notes on Reynolds number, Mach number, Mach angle and Zone
of action.
(b) A supersonic airflow flies at an altitude of 2KM where the temperature is 40
C. Determine the speed of aircraft if its sound is heard 4 seconds after its
passage over the head of abserver. Take K=1.4 and R=281.43 J/Kg K. [8+8]

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