Code No: RR310203 Set No.

1
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
POWER SYSTEMS-II
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Input to a single-phase short line is 2000kW at 0.8 lagging power factor. The
line has a series impedance of (0.4 + j 0.4 ) ohms. If the load voltage is 3kV,
find the receiving end power factor and supply voltage. [8+8]
(b) Derive the equivalent ABCD parameters considering nominal T network.

2. (a) Give brief description of corona phenomenon. [8+8]

(b) Derive the expression for potential gradient at the surface of a conductor of
1-phase transmission line.

3. In a transmission line the line conductor has an effective diameter of 19.53mm,

weights 844kgf/km, and has an ultimate breaking strength of 7950kgf. Calculate
the height above the ground at which a conductor with a span of 275m must
be supported in order that the total tension shall not exceed half the ultimate
strength and with a 12.7mm radial coating of ice and a horizontal wind pressure of
380N/m2 of projected area. The ground clearance required is 6.7m. Weight of ice
is 913.5kgf/m3 . [16]

4. (a) Derive the formula fpr insulation resistance of aUG cable. [10]
(b) In a coaxial cable the conductor diameter is 10 mm and the inner shath diam-
eter is 50mm. There are two layers of insulation, the inner layer of dielectric
constant 4 and a maximum working gradient of 6kV/mm has a radial thickness
of 4.6 mm; the outer layer has dielectric constant 2.5 and maximum voltage
gradient 5kV/mm. Calculate the maximum working voltage for the cable. [6]

5. (a) What is the effect of 3-φ induction motor operation on supply power fac-
tor?Discuss? [6]
(b) The load on an installation is 800KW,0.8 lagging which works for 3000 hours
per annum. The tariff is Rs 100 per KVA plus 20 paise per KWh. If the power
factor is improved to 0.9 lagging by means of loss-free capacitors costing Rs
60 per KVAR, calculate the annual saving effected. Allow 10% per annum for
interest and depreciation on capacitors. [10]

6. What are the various methods of voltage control in a power system, explain with
neat sketches and vector diagrams. [16]

7. (a) What are symmetrical components. Why are they used in power system fault
analysis, explain in detail. [8+8]

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Code No: RR310203 Set No. 1
(b) Obtain the symmetrical components of a set of unbalanced currents Ia=1.66 2500 ,
Ib=1.06 1800 , and Ic= 0.96 1320 , and also find out the neutral current.

8. (a) Which fault is more severe among the various unsymmetrical faults and justify
your answer. [4]
(b) A 3-φ, 11KV , 25MVA generator with x0=0.05 p.u.,x1=0.2 p.u. is grounded
through a reactance of 0.3Ω .Determine the ratio of fault currents of double
line to fault to the double line to ground fault considering one fault at a time
. [4]
(c) Derive the formulas used in the above problem. [8]

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Code No: RR310203 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
POWER SYSTEMS-II
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Find the ABCD parameters of a 3-phase, 80Km, 50Hz transmission line with series
impedance of (0.15 + j 0.28 ) ohms per Km and a shunt admittance of j 5x10−4
ohm per Km for the both Π and T networks. [16]

2. (a) Determine the critical disruptive voltage and corona loss for a 3-phase line
space operating at 110kV which has conductors of 1.25cm diameter arranged
in a 3.05m delta spacing. Assume air density factor of 1.07 and the dielectric
strength of air to be 21kV/cm. [8+8]
(b) Explain in brief the disadvantages of corona and different methods of reducing
corona loss.

3. A transmission line has a span of 180m between level supports. The conductor has
a cross-section area of 129mm2, weights 1.17 kgf/m and has a breaking stress of
42kgf/mm2 . Calculate the sag for a factor of safety of 5, allowing for a maximum
wind pressure of 125kgf/m2 of projected surface. [16]

4. (a) A single core cable has an inner diameter of 5cms and a core diameter of
1.5cm. Its paper dielectric has a working maximum dielectric stress of 60
kV/cm. Calculate the maximum permissible line voltage when such cables
are used on a 3-phase power system. [6]
(b) A 66kV concentric cable with two inter sheaths has a core diameter 1.8 cm.
Dielectric material 3.5 mm thick constitutes the three zones of insulation.
Determine the maximum stress in each of the three layers if 20kV is maintained
across each of the inner two layers. [10]

5. (a) What is the effect of 3-φ induction motor operation on supply power fac-
tor?Discuss? [6]
(b) The load on an installation is 800KW,0.8 lagging which works for 3000 hours
per annum. The tariff is Rs 100 per KVA plus 20 paise per KWh. If the power
factor is improved to 0.9 lagging by means of loss-free capacitors costing Rs
60 per KVAR, calculate the annual saving effected. Allow 10% per annum for
interest and depreciation on capacitors. [10]

6. Describe with the aid of neat sketch the construction and working of off load tap
changing transformer. Explain how does it control the voltage, when it is connected
in a power system network. [16]

7. (a) Why do you use a single line diagram for power system representation. What
are the assumptions that are being made while drawing a single line diagram.

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Code No: RR310203 Set No. 2
[8+8]
(b) A transmission line of inductance 0.1H and resistance of 5Ω is connected to a
source of V=100sin(ω t+150),f=50HZ at one end and other end is suddenly
short circuited at t=0 at the bus-bar end .Write the expression for short circuit
current i(t).Find approximately the value of the first current maximum.

8. (a) Derive the expression for fault current and the terminal voltages of a 3-φ
alternator ,when there is a line to line fault occurs at the far end of the
alternator. Assume that the generator neutral is solidly earthed. [8+8]
(b) A 3-φ , 11KV , 25MVA generator with x0=0.05 p.u.,x1=0.2 p.u. is grounded
through a reactance of 0.3Ω . Calculate the fault current for a single line to
ground fault. Also calculate the terminal voltage of the faulted phase with
respect to ground.

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Code No: RR310203 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
POWER SYSTEMS-II
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. A series capacitor bank is to be installed at the mid point of the 300 Km line. The
ABCD constants for 150 Km of the line areA = D = 0.9534 0.30 B = 90.33 |84.1 0 ohms,
and C = 0.001014 |90.1 0 mhos. The ABCD constants of the series capacitor bank
are A = D = 1 |0 0 , B = 146.6 |−90 0 ohms, C = 0. Determine the equivalent ABCD
constants of the series combination of the line-capacitance-line. [16]
2. (a) What is corona loss? Give the Peek?s corona loss formula and specify the
terms.
(b) Determine the corona loss for a 3-phase 110kV,50Hz,160km long line , with
conductor diameter 1.036cm, 2.44m delta spacing, air temperature 26.670 C
and pressure of 73.15cm. [8+8]
3. A transmission line has a span of 180m between level supports. The conductor has
a cross-section area of 129mm2, weights 1.17 kgf/m and has a breaking stress of
42kgf/mm2 . Calculate the sag for a factor of safety of 5, allowing for a maximum
wind pressure of 125kgf/m2 of projected surface. [16]
4. (a) Explain briefly intershedts grading of an UG cable. [6]
(b) A circuit, 10km long, consists of three single core cables is connected to a
33kV, 3-phase, 50 Hz supply. The core of each cable is 10 mm diameter and
the dielectric of relative permittivity 2.25, has a radial thickness of 6mm. If
the total dielectric loss in the circuit is 10.5 kW and the capacitance to neutral
of each cable is 2.55 µF, determine the loss angle of the dielectric. [10]
5. (a) Why is their a phase difference between voltage and current in an ac circuit?
Explain the concept of power factor? [5]
(b) Derive an expression for most economical power factor which may be attained
by a consumer? [6]
(c) Explain, why a consumer having low power factor is charged at higher rates?
[5]
6. What are the various methods of voltage control in a power system, explain with
neat sketches and vector diagrams. [16]
7. (a) What is the importance of base KVA in short circuit calculations? [6+10]
(b) A generating station has four bus bar sections .Each section is connected to
tie bar through 20% reactors rated at 200MVA.Generators of total capacity
100MVA and 20% reactance are connected to each bus bar section. Calculate
the MVA fed to a fault under short circuit condition on two of the bus bars.

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Code No: RR310203 Set No. 3
8. (a) Explain the concept of sequence impedances of a 3-φ star connected static load
whose neutral is grounded through some impedance and draw its sequence
impedance networks. [8+8]
(b) Draw the positive, negative and zero sequence networks for the system de-
scribed as follows. The system consists of a 3-φ star connected alternator
which supplies power to the 3-φ star connected synchronous motor through a
delta-star step up transformer, a transmission line and a star- delta step down
transformer .The neutral points of the machine and transformer windings are
un grounded or isolated.

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Code No: RR310203 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
POWER SYSTEMS-II
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. The ABCD constants of a 3-phase transmission line are A = D = 0.936 |0.98 0 ,

B = 142 |76.4 0 ohms and C = (−5.18 + J914)x10−6 mhos. The load at the receiving
end is 50 MW at 220 kV with a power factor of 0.9 lagging. Find the magnitude of
the sending end voltage and the voltage regulation also draw the vector diagram.
[16]

2. (a) What is critical disruptive voltage? Derive the expression for it. [8+8]
(b) Give brief description about the factors affecting the critical disruptive voltage.

3. An overhead transmission line conductor on a hill side is supported between two

points separated by a horizontal distance of 400m and at heights of 1150m and
900m above sea level respectively. The weight of the conductor is 1.492kgf/m and
the tension is 3935kgf. Determine the vertical clearance between the conductor and
a point on the hill side at a height of 970m and a horizontal distance of 175m from
the lower support. Assume parabolic configuration. [16]

4. (a) A single core cable has an inner diameter of 5cms and a core diameter of
1.5cm. Its paper dielectric has a working maximum dielectric stress of 60
kV/cm. Calculate the maximum permissible line voltage when such cables
are used on a 3-phase power system. [6]
(b) A 66kV concentric cable with two inter sheaths has a core diameter 1.8 cm.
Dielectric material 3.5 mm thick constitutes the three zones of insulation.
Determine the maximum stress in each of the three layers if 20kV is maintained
across each of the inner two layers. [10]

5. (a) Why is their a phase difference between voltage and current in an ac circuit?
Explain the concept of power factor? [5]
(b) Derive an expression for most economical power factor which may be attained
by a consumer? [6]
(c) Explain, why a consumer having low power factor is charged at higher rates?
[5]

6. Describe the synchronous condenser method of voltage control in a transmission

line. Illustrate your answer with a neat sketch and vector diagram. Where are its
locations in a Power system network, show with neat sketches. [16]

7. (a) What is the importance of base KVA in short circuit calculations? [6+10]

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Code No: RR310203 Set No. 4
(b) A generating station has four bus bar sections .Each section is connected to
tie bar through 20% reactors rated at 200MVA.Generators of total capacity
100MVA and 20% reactance are connected to each bus bar section. Calculate
the MVA fed to a fault under short circuit condition on two of the bus bars.

8. (a) Draw the positive ,negative and zero sequence impedance diagrams for five
different 3-φ transformer winding connections . [8+8]
(b) Draw the positive , negative and zero sequence networks for the system de-
scribed as follows. The system consists of a 3-φ star connected alternator
is supplying power to the 3-φ star connected synchronous motor through a
delta-star step up transformer , a transmission line and a star- delta step down
transformer .The neutral points of the machine and transformer windings are
grounded through the impedance Zn.

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