Code No: RR410108 Set No.

1
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
HYDROLOGY
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) How do you justify and explain that the study of hydrology is prelude to the
study of water resources engineering. [8]
(b) What are the concepts and features incorporated in global water budget. [8]

2. (a) Draw a neat sketch of Symon rain gauge and describe its components and
working. [8]
(b) With the help of a neat sketch, explain rainfall mass curve and rainfall hyeto-
graph. [8]

3. (a) What is ground water table? How is it known or measured? [6]

(b) What properties of aquifer influence the retention and movement of ground
water. [6]
(c) Define specific yield of an aquifer. [4]

4. (a) Explain how the yield of an open well can be determined using recuperation
test. [8]
(b) What are the assumptions in Dupuit’s theory to determine the flow from a
well made in a confined aquife? What do you mean by interference among
well? [8]

5. (a) Explain what do you understand by evapo transpiration . [8]

(b) List the factors affecting evapo transpiration and describe their influence. [8]

6. (a) Discuss the infiltration equation. Describe how fc , fo , and k can be obtained
in Horton’s equation from the experimental data. [8]
(b) What is the role played by infiltration in the circulation, storage and movement
of water in a hydrology cycle. [8]

7. (a) Bring out the relation and difference among overland flow , interflow, direct
run off and precipitation on the channel. [8]
(b) Describe the catchment characteristics of stream density and drainage density.
Explain their influence on runoff. [8]

8. (a) What is a hydrograph ? How do you draw the same ? What are its uses in
hydrology ?

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Code No: RR410108 Set No. 1
(b) Derive the unit hydrograph for a drainage basin of area 104 Km2 from the
observed total run off hydrograph given below. A constant base flow of 16
(m3 /sec) is flowing through the stream. [6+10]
Jan 10
Time(hrs) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Runoff (m3 / sec) 16 15 14 158 260 286 221 186 157 133 113 94
Jan 11
Time(hrs) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Runoff (m3 / sec) 76 65 55 47 40 34 28 23 22 21 20 20

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Code No: RR410108 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
HYDROLOGY
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) List out different processes constituting the hydrological cycle. Explain their
role in the circulation of water continuously. [8]
(b) Hydrology is mostly interdisciplinary in nature. Justify the statement . [8]

2. (a) What are non recording type of rain gauges? [8]

(b) What are different forms of precipitation? [8]

3. (a) In a certain alluvial basin of 100Km2 , 90 M m3 of ground water is pumped

out in a year and the ground water table is dropped by 5m . Assuming
no replenishment , estimate the specific yield of the aquifer. If the specific
retention is 12% what is the porosity of the soil. [10]
(b) Define Darcy’s law as applicable for ground water flow in an aquifer. What
are the limitations if any? [6]

4. (a) A 8 cm radius well penetrates 30m below ground water table. After a long
period of pumping at a rate of 3.5 m3 / sec , the draw downs in the observation
wells at 12m and 36m from the center of the pumped well are 1.2 m and 0.5m
respectively. What is the transmissibility of the aquifer . Take R= 280m. [10]
(b) State and explain Dupuit’s theory to find flow in a well made in confined
aquifer and write the assumptions. [6]

5. (a) Explain Blaney Criddle Method for estimating evapotranspiration . [8]

(b) During a daily routine observations, 10 litres of water is added to bring the
water surface in the evaporation pan to the stipulated level and the nearby
rain gauge measured 3mm of rainfall. What is the evaporation recorded for
the day if the diameter of the pan is 120cm. [8]

6. (a) A storm with a uniform intensity of 1.6 cm /hr for a period of 8 hours occurring
over a basin of area 650 Km2 produced a run off of 57 million m3 . Find the
average infiltration rate during the storm. [8]
(b) What are the factors which affect infiltration ? Explain any one method of
determining the infiltration capacity of a soil surface. [8]

7. (a) What is basin yield ? How is it estimated and expressed ? [8]

(b) List out the meteorological characteristics influencing run off and describe
their influence. [8]

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Code No: RR410108 Set No. 2
8. (a) What are the uses of unit hydrograph ? Why is it named so ? What are the
assumptions ?
(b) Give the step by step procedure of constructing an instantaneous unit hydro-
graph.
(c) How do you check whether the derived unit hydrograph is correct? [6+6+4]

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Code No: RR410108 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
HYDROLOGY
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Out of all the processes of hydrologic cycle, discuss the processes which will
make the water available for exploitation for human consumption. [8]
(b) Explain how global water budget is estimated and what are the features in-
volved ? [8]

2. (a) What are non recording type of rain gauges? [8]

(b) What are different forms of precipitation? [8]

3. (a) An artesian aquifer 30m thick has a porosity of 25% and bulk modulus of
compression of 2000 kg / cm2 . The bulk modulus of elasticity of water is
2.4 × 104 Kg / cm2 . Estimate the storage coefficient of the aquifer. [10]
(b) What is coefficient of permeability and what factors influence it ? [6]

4. (a) A well of size 7.7m × 4.65m and depth 6.15m is made in alluvial soil. The
water level is 5m below ground level. By pumping for 90 minutes the water
level was depressed to 6m below ground level. The recuperation rates of the
well during 4hours after the pumping was stopped, are given below. The quan-
tity of water pumped is 33 m3 . Determine the specific capacity of the well. [10]

Time since pumping stopped(min) 0 15 30 45 60 90 120 180 240

Water level below ground level (m) 6 5.89 5.8 5.7 5.63 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.15
(b) Define draw down. How will it differ in observation wells at different radii
from the pumping well. [6]

5. (a) How is transpiration measured from an experimental field plot. [8]

(b) What is the difference between potential evapo transpiration and actual evapo
transpiration ? Explain in detail. [8]

6. (a) The total observed runoff during a 6hr storm with a uniform intensity of 1.5
cm / h is 20 million m3 . The area over which rainfall occurred is 256 km2 .
What is the average infiltration rate for the basin. [8]
(b) Out of forest land, grazed pasture, concrete pavement and rock outcrop, which
has highest infiltration capacity. Justify. [8]

7. (a) What is basin yield ? How is it estimated and expressed ? [8]

(b) List out the meteorological characteristics influencing run off and describe
their influence. [8]

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Code No: RR410108 Set No. 3
8. (a) What is a hydrograph ? How do you draw the same ? What are its uses in
hydrology ?
(b) Derive the unit hydrograph for a drainage basin of area 104 Km2 from the
observed total run off hydrograph given below. A constant base flow of 16
(m3 /sec) is flowing through the stream. [6+10]
Jan 10
Time(hrs) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
3
Runoff (m / sec) 16 15 14 158 260 286 221 186 157 133 113 94
Jan 11
Time(hrs) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
3
Runoff (m / sec) 76 65 55 47 40 34 28 23 22 21 20 20

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Code No: RR410108 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
HYDROLOGY
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What are the main features of surface water hydrology ? Explain them. [8]
(b) Explain in detail what are studied in ground water hydrology and what is the
significance of each item. [8]
2. (a) What are non recording type of rain gauges? [8]
(b) What are different forms of precipitation? [8]
3. (a) Explain
i. Capillary zone
ii. zone of aeration and
iii. zone of saturation.
What is the significance of these zones in ground water availability. [10]
(b) What is aquitard ? What are its water holding and drainage characteristics ?
[6]
4. (a) A 10cm dia well penetrates completely an artesian aquifer of 8m thick. Water
is pumped from well at the rate of 100 liters per minute. The draw down
observed in two wells at 10m and 50m radii from the center of the well are
3m and 0.5 m respectively. Compute the transmissibility and the hydraulic
conductivity of the aquifer. [12]
(b) What is well interference ? How is the analysis carried out ? [4]
5. (a) Define pan coefficient. Discuss the relative merits and demerits of sunken and
floating pans. [8]
(b) What is potential evapo transpiration ? What are the units of its measure-
ment. [8]
6. (a) The total observed runoff during a 6hr storm with a uniform intensity of 1.5
cm / h is 20 million m3 . The area over which rainfall occurred is 256 km2 .
What is the average infiltration rate for the basin. [8]
(b) Out of forest land, grazed pasture, concrete pavement and rock outcrop, which
has highest infiltration capacity. Justify. [8]
7. (a) Bring out the relation and difference among overland flow , interflow, direct
run off and precipitation on the channel. [8]
(b) Describe the catchment characteristics of stream density and drainage density.
Explain their influence on runoff. [8]

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Code No: RR410108 Set No. 4
8. (a) What is a hydrograph ? How do you draw the same ? What are its uses in
hydrology ?
(b) Derive the unit hydrograph for a drainage basin of area 104 Km2 from the
observed total run off hydrograph given below. A constant base flow of 16
(m3 /sec) is flowing through the stream. [6+10]
Jan 10
Time(hrs) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
3
Runoff (m / sec) 16 15 14 158 260 286 221 186 157 133 113 94
Jan 11
Time(hrs) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
3
Runoff (m / sec) 76 65 55 47 40 34 28 23 22 21 20 20

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