GRAMMAR

CONDIIONALUL

Condiionalul prezent
1. CONSTRUCIA TIMPULUI Propoziie AFIRMATIV P SB + should/would + vb. Exemplu: I should/would take. You would take. He/she/it would take. We should/would take. You would take. They would take. Propoziie INTEROGATIV P Would + SB + vb? Exemplu: Would I take? Would you take? Would he/she/it take? Would we take? Would you take? Would they take? Propoziie NEGATIV P SB + should/would + not + vb. Exemplu: I should/would not take. You would not take. I should/would not be taking. You would not be taking. C SB + should/would + not + be + vb-ing. Would I be taking? Would you be taking? Would he/she/it be taking? Would we be taking? Would you be taking? Would they be taking? C Would + SB + be + vb-ing? I should/would be taking. You would be taking. He/she/it would be taking. We should/would be taking. You would be taking. They would be taking. C SB + should/would + be + vb-ing.

He/she/it would not take. We should/would not take. You would not take. They would not take.

He/she/it would not be taking. We should/would not be taking. You would not be taking. They would not be taking.

Condiionalul trecut
1. CONSTRUCIA TIMPULUI Propoziie AFIRMATIV P treia a verbului. vb-ing. C SB + should/would + have + forma a SB + should/would + have + been +

Exemplu: I should/would have taken. You would have taken. He/she/it would have taken. We should/would have taken. You would have taken. They would have taken. Propoziie INTEROGATIV P verbului? Exemplu: Would I have taken? Would you have taken? Would he/she/it have taken? Would we have taken? Would you have taken? Would they have taken? Propoziie NEGATIV P C Would I have been taking? Would you have been taking? Would he/she/it have been taking? Would we have been taking? Would you have been taking? Would they have been taking? C Would + SB + have + forma a treia a Would + SB + have + been + vb-ing? I should/would have been taking. You would have been taking. He/she/it would have been taking. We should/would have been taking. You would have been taking. They would have been taking.

SB + should/would + not + have + SB + should/would + not + have + forma a treia a verbului. Exemplu: I should/would not have taken. You would not have taken. He/she/it would not have taken. We should/would not have taken. You would not have taken. They would not have taken. I should/would not have been taking. You would not have been taking. He/she/it would not have been taking. We should/would not have been taking. You would not have been taking. They would not have been taking. been + vb-ing.

Cele trei tipuri de "if" clauses

TIPUL I - Unele gramatici nu-l consider propriu-zis un tip de fraz condiional; el deriv din regula de concordan conform creia dup "if" nu pot folosi niciodat viitorul. El se refer la o condiie care se va mplini n viitor. Aadar, primul tip de "if" poate fi reprezentat astfel: PROPOZIIA PRINCIPAL PRESENT, FUTURE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE E.g.: I will go there Voi merge acolo if dac IF PROPOZIIA SECUNDAR PRESENT TENSE (Sb+vb+s-pers.III sg.) you come with me. vei veni cu mine.

TIPUL II - Indic faptul c o aciune se poate realiza n prezent sau n viitorul nu prea ndeprtat, n cazul n care se ndeplinete condiia exprimat de propoziia secundar condiional. IF PAST TENSE (Sb+forma a II-a a verbului) To be were you came with me

CONDIIONAL PRESENT (Sb+would+vb) E.g.: I would go there if

A merge acolo

dac

ai veni cu mine

Atenie: Dei forma n englez este de Past Tense, traducerea n limba romn se realizeaz prin condiional-optativ prezent. Verbul "to be" are forma were pentru toate persoanele.

TIPUL III - Indic faptul c o aciune ar fi putut s se realizeze n trecut dac s-ar fi ndeplinit o anumit condiie, prezentat n subordonata condiional. Din aceste motive se vorbete de o condiie ipotetic ireal i imposibil, ntruct ea nu se mai poate realiza sau este ireversibil.

CONDIIONAL TRECUT (Sb+would+have+forma a III-a a verbului) E.g.: I would have gone there A fi mers acolo Atenie:

IF

PAST PERFECT
(Sb +had+forma a III-a a verbului)

if dac

you had come with me ai fi venit cu mine.

1. Cteodat, atunci cnd comunicarea ncepe cu propoziia subordonat, "if" este omis i se face o inversiune n topica obinuit. E.g.: Had it rained, I wouldn't have come here. - Dac ar fi plouat, nu a fi venit aici. 2. n propoziiile negative, "if not " este nlocuit de "unless": E.g.: She will not understand the lesson unless she learns the new words. - Ea nu va nelege lecia dac nu va nva cuvintele noi.
EXERCIII

I. Put the verbs in brackets into the right form (First type of "if" clauses): 1. 2. 3. 4. If I lend you $10 when you (to repay) me? She will catch the train if she (to hurry). If you (to read) the book, you will like it. The police (to arrest) him if they catch him.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. II. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

If you kindly sit down, I (to make) the enquiries for you. If you(to need) a car you can borrow mine. Unless George (to sell) more he won't get a comission. The boys will not go up the mountain tomorrow if it (to be) foggy. The manager will be absolutely furious if he (to hear) about this. If you (not to go) I'll send for the police. Please correct me if I (to make) mistakes. Someone (to steal) your car if you leave it unlocked. You (not to need) an umbrella if it isn't raining. Unless Martin is more careful, he (to have) an accident. If you want to buy this car, you (to need) a credit card. Put the verbs in brackets into the right form (Second type of "if" He (to buy) shares in your company if he had some money. If I (to be) you I would go there at once. He wouldn't start work on project unless his manager (to agree) to the If she were sent to prison, you (to visit) her? If I (to pass) the exam I would take a long holiday. Jim (to be ) ruined if he bought his wife everything she asked for. She wouldn't accept that job even if the manager (to offer) it to her. If I were you I (to be) more careful. Mary could get a job easily in the banking system if she (to have) a If Jerry (to play) for lower stakes he wouldn't lose so much. If he (to break) his promise, his wife wouldn't trust him any longer. If I (to change) my job would it affect my pension? What you (to do) if you found a burglar in your house? If you won the first prize, you (to get) a lot of money. If you knew you had only one year to live, how you (to spend) that year?

clauses):

plan.

degree.

III. Put the verbs in brackets into the right form (Third type of "if" clauses): 1. If you had told me she had never paid her debts I (not to lend) her the money.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

If father had been at home, he (to answer) the phone. They (not to be) angry with her if they had known the truth. He would have forced his way into the house if I (not to call) for help. If Tom hadn't hurt his leg yesterday morning he could (to play) in the The burglar would have been arrested if he (to try) to leave the country. If I had known that you were in hospital I (to visit) you. If you (to be) more attentive you wouldn't have asked that question. If I (to realize) that the traffic lights were red I would have stopped. Mike wouldn't have believed it if he (not to see) it with his own eyes. You would have got the job if you (to know) to speak two foreign

match last night.

languages. IV. Put the verbs in brackets into the right form ("If"-mixed types): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. I (not to buy) things on the instalment system if I were you. If Mrs. Smith (to drive) more carefully she wouldn't have had the Mary (to learn) English if only she had the time. If George (to have) a university degree, he wouldn't have to work as a Even if I (to know) the truth, I would have still loved him dearly. If I (to be) you I would try to understand her. If anyone attaked me, my dog (to jump) at his throat. An interpreter (to help) you if you cannot understand the Customs You (not to improve) your English unless you work harder. What will you say if she (to ask) you for some more money?

accident.

mechanic now.

officer.

11. His father decided that he (study) law. 12. I wouldnt do that even if she (to give) me a lot of money. 13. He wouldnt have acted differently even if he (to know) the real situation. 14. I would have bought tickets even if I (to have) to stand in the queue for hours. 15. I would finish my work much earlier if you (to help) me. 16. The man would have died if the doctor (not to arrive) in time. 17. These photographs (to be) better if you had been more careful. 18. Mother (to help) you if you asked her.

19. She will catch the train if she (to hurry). 20. They (to be) very surprised if they see us here.

5. Translate into English: 1. -De cnd lucrezi n sistemul bancar? -De 30 de ani. -Poi s-mi spui care sunt cele mai importante bnci din Romnia? 2. A dori s cercetez documentele dac nu avei nimic mpotriv. 3. Dac ai fi fost mai atent cu stabilirea costurilor preul de vnzare ar fi fost mai mic. 4. Lucrez n aceast banc de 15 ani, de cnd am terminat facultatea. 5. Plou. 6. n Anglia plou des. 7. Plou de dou ore. 9. A plouat de la 3 la 5. 10. Plouase cnd am ajuns acas. 11. Speram c va ploua. 12. Dac plou, voi sta acas. 13. Dac ar ploua a sta acas. 14. Dac ar fi plouat a fi stat acas. 15. A plouat. 16. Ploua de dou zlie cnd am sosit de la mare. 17. Credeam c a plouat. 18. Credeam c va ploua. 19. M uitam pe geam i vedeam c plou. 20. l cunosc pe Gerry de cnd era mic. 21. Acum dou ore nu citeam, dar de atunci m tot gndesc s m apuc de citit. 22. Dac nu ar fi plouat sptmna trecut, am fi plecat la mare. 23. Ieri pe cnd m ntorceam acas a nceput s plou. 24. Luni i aduc cartea. Cred c o voi fi terminat de citit pn atunci. 25. M-a duce pe la ea dac a avea timp. 26. Dac a fi avut bilet, a fi mers i eu la cinema. 27. Mi-a spus c va pleca n strintate. 28. Mi-a spus c azi mplinete 30 de ani.

29. M voi duce pe la ea dac voi avea timp. 30. Mi-a spus c i era foame. 31. Mama este n buctrie. Gtete. Gtete de la ora zece diminea. 32. Dac ai fi fost aici, ai fi ntlnit-o cu siguran. 33. Dac ai veni cu mine, ai putea s vezi filmul. 34. mi fceam temele cnd a sunat telefonul. 35. Dac a fi tiut ca nu vine, nu-l mai invitam degeaba. 36. Tocmai te-am cutat la telefon dar suna ocupat. 37. Ea mi-a povestit c mine o s v ntlnii. 38. Cnd profesorul ne-a spus s ne oprim din scris, noi mai lucram nc la ultima problem. 39. Am nvat spaniola cinci ani si acum m descurc binior. 40. Ct timp va fi plecat sora mea, va gti matua mea. 41. Mi-a spus c a muncit mult toat sptmna, c este obosit acum, i vrea s se odihneasc. 42. Dac ai fi fost atent, acum ai ti s rspunzi. 43. Vorbea la telefon de trei ore cnd am sosit eu acas. 44. Aceasta este cea mai bun prjitur pe care am mncat-o vreodat. Pot s mai servesc? 45. Nu am mai jucat fotbal de cnd mi-am rupt piciorul. 46. Dac ai vrea, te-a putea ajuta. 47. Dac a fi n locul tu, i-a da un telefon. 48. n timp ce citea ziarul, bunicul meu fuma. 49. Anul trecut vecinii notri i-au cumparat o main nou. De atunci tot repar la ea. 50. Locuiesc n acest ora de trei ani, de cnd ne-am mutat aici din Bacu.

Modele de exercitii pentru evaluarea finala:

I. Complete the following sentences by supplying the correct form of the verb given in the brackets:

1. ... the doctor ... to see his patient every evening? (to come) 2. She ... milk every day. (to drink) 3. I ... ... ....... Mary. (not to know) 4. At the moment, he ... ... lunch. (to have) 5. Where ... you ... this week? (to work) 6. It ... ... ....... now. (not to snow) 7. He (not to travel) to Bucharest at this time last Friday. 8. I (to go) to school yesterday when (to see) a house on fire. 9. ....you ever (to see) Paris? 10. He (to know) her since 1992. I (to go ) to my therapist every week. I (to know) him for 3 years, since I (to be ) very ill. II. Choose the appropriate answer:

1. I....there tomorrow a. shall go b.went c.will have been going

2.An interpreter ..... you if you cannot understand the Customs officer. a.helped b.had been helping c.will help

3. At present Victor ..... in Bucharest. a. lives; b.is living; c.lived;

4.If I ..... you I would try to understand her. a.had been b.were c.would be

5. I was going to my office yesterday when I ... a house on fire. a.see b.seen c.saw

6. Charles Dickens ...... a lot of famous novels. a.wrote b.will write c.has written

7. Monica.... in a bank before marriage. a. worked b.would work c.will have worked

8.If Mrs. Smith.... more carefully she wouldn't have had the accident. a.had driven b.will drive c.would have driven

9. This is the best cake I.... ever ....Can I have some more? a. has...eaten b.have... eaten c.ate

10. How long.... Mrs. Fletcher .... when she finally retired? a.has...worked b.had....worked c.did....work