Presentation on Environmental Issues

to German Federal Minister for the Environment

at Delhi Secretariat on November 18th, 2008

J.K. DADOO, SECRETARY (ENVIRONMENT) - CUM- CHAIRMAN, DELHI POLLUTION CONTROL COMMITTEE

INTRODUCTION
4 Core issues of environment in an Urban Metropolis like Delhi 1. Control of Pollution a) Air Pollution b) Water Pollution c) Noise pollution 2. Efficient waste management. a) Municipal Solid b) Industrial Hazardous Waste Waste c) Bio-Medical Waste d) Electronic Waste e) Plastic Waste f) Mercury Waste. g) Construction & Demolition waste 3. Greening and Biodiversity 4. Climate Change related issues
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I. POLLUTION
A. AIR POLLUTION: Sources of air pollution: Transportation, Industries Domestic air emissions Steps taken to control air pollution : More than 15 year old commercial vehicles phased out. Entire public transport switched over to CNG mode (appx. 130,000). Implementation of Bharat Stage III/Euro-III emission norms Efforts are being made to reduce Sulphur content in Diesel upto 50 PPM by the year 2010 and also to use 350 PPM Sulphur Diesel within a radius of 3 500 Km of Delhi.

 500 Pollution under control Certificate Centres are being linked on the website. Creation of Air Ambience Fund of Rs.25 crores by October end for levying fee on the sale of diesel at the rate of Re. 0.25 per litre in the NCT of Delhi. VAT refund of 12.5% allowed from Air Ambience fund for conversion of vehicles to clean fuel like CNG. Use of Battery operated Vehicles having zero tailpipe emissions is encouraged by providing concessions upto 30% of the base price of the vehicles.

 Whole of Delhi declared as air pollution control area under Air Act. Stringent emission norms for industries and thermal power stations. Installation of Emission Control System in 500 air polluting firms. Burning of leaves/plastics is prohibited and monthly checks by 7 teams. Use of 5 KVA or more capacity of DG set is prohibited from 10 PM to 6AM except in group housing societies. Also, acoustic enclosure has been made mandatory in DG sets Mandatory DG sets norms ( acoustic enclosure and stack height) for 6000 cell phone towers and 600 Nursing Homes.

B- Water Pollution
Major sources: Domestic sewage and Industrial wastewater. Problems: Lesser Dissolved Oxygen, Higher Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand, Fecal coliform and Toxic chemicals and heavy metals. More than 1200 industrial units have installed effluent treatment plants. 11 Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) with total capacity of 133 MLD for treatment of wastewater from 15 industrial areas.
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23 Sewage Treatment Plants of 512 MGD capacity have been installed. At present, utilization capacity of STP is 70%. DPCC conducts periodical water quality monitoring of river Yamuna, drains, STP and CETP. DJB has proposed laying of interceptor sewers along 3 major drains (Najafgarh, Supplementary and Shahadra drains). Sewage generated from 1432 unauthorised colonies, unsewered areas, rural villages and JJ cluster will be trapped before reaching into major drains and diverted to the existing unutilised STPs/new STP. Augmentation of the existing capacity of STPs installed at Delhi Gate drain and Dr. Sen Nursing Home drain. Intercepting 13 small drains into Bela Road and Ring Road Trunk sewer after rehabilitation.
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C- NOISE POLLUTION
The major sources are industrial, aircraft, transportation and diesel generator sets. DPCC conducts monthly Ambient Noise Monitoring at 40 locations in Delhi and issues notice to concerned units to take corrective action The Noise Levels ranged from 59.0 to 65.0 dB(A) in Day Time while the night time ranged from 51.8 to 59.2 dB(A), which is slightly exceeding the norms. Direction issued to Delhi Police for restriction on issue of licenses for the sale of crackers and timing of the sale of crackers, public announcement through PCR van to stop fire crackers after 10.00 PM. Government of Delhi has notified an area of 100 meters, around the hospitals with 100 beds or more, educational institutions with 1000 students or more, all court complexes, all Govt. Office complexes as Silence Areas/Zones. 8

Acoustic enclosure is mandatory for Diesel Generator sets. As per Honble LGs order, Generator sets of more than 5 KVA capacity are banned between 10.00 PM to 6.00AM, except for group housing societies.

II. WASTE MANAGEMENT

A. Municipal Solid Waste 7000 MT MSW generated daily in Delhi. Estimated generation 9000 MT by 2009. I. Waste to Power projects (3500 TPD) a) Timarpur: 650 Tons per day MSW with output of 225 Tons per day RDF. Operational by 2010. b) Okhla Plant : 1300 Ton per day MSW will process 450 Tons RDF, from which 16 MW power will be generated. Operational by 2010. Okhla and Timarpur projects have been awarded to M/s Jindal Urban Infrastructure Limited. Ghazipur: 1300 Ton per day MSW with output of c) 450 Tons RDF. Electricity generation capacity is 10 MW. Bidding done and awarded to GMR. Operational by 2010. 10

II. Waste to Compost Projects a) Compost Plant of 500 TPD capacity at Bhalaswa Sanitary Landfill Site. This plant is operational b) 500 TPD Compost Plant at Narela-Bawana Sanitary Landfill Site. Plant will be operational by 2009. Okhla compost plant of MCD has been upgraded to 200 TPD by ILFS Ecosmart. Plant is operational. Existing 125TPD Compost plant of APMC is being upgraded to 200 TPD. Commissioning of plant expected by July 08.
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c)

d)

III. Organic Waste Converter Features : Compact machine; Wet compost in 15 minutes; Ready compost in 7 days. Odourless process. Pilot project for converting canteens kitchen waste into compost at Delhi Secretariat. Maurya hotels has installed 3 OWCs for 3 of their kitchens. Tremendous potential in Group Housing Societies to reduce the burden on MCD dhalaos. IV. Composting /Vermicomposting Waste segregation and disposal of wet garbage through Vermi-composting techniques has been promoted in eco-clubs and RWAs. Disposal of horticulture waste through onsite composting.
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B. Biomedical Waste
8.9 Mt per day Biomedical waste generated from hospitals and health care establishments. Hospitals have installed 17 incinerators, 18 autoclaves and 3 microwaves for in-house treatment of waste. Two private waste operators are collecting and treating such waste from more than 2,584 health care units. Selection of 1 more operator is under process. Directions issued for switching over to mercury free thermometers. Letters issued to 45 Govt. Hospitals and 55 Pvt. Hospitals having 100 beds or more for installing : Solar water heating and Rain water harvesting system Replacement of ordinary bulbs with CFL. Installation of ETP for recycling of treated effluent. 13 Plantation of trees along the periphery of the hospital building.

C. Industrial Hazardous Waste

About 2000 units in approved industrial areas are generating hazardous waste. About 5300 MT per annum of hazardous waste generated. At present, hazardous waste is being managed onsite by the unit holders with following provisions under HW rules. to instal display board in front of factory premises. to store hazardous waste in leak proof labeled container on pucca floor under covered roof in an isolated area. To maintain records of hazardous waste. Govt. of Delhi has identified a new site near Khanjawala for treatment, storage and disposal facility (TSDF) for Hazardous Waste.
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D. Electronic Waste
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. There are 5 processes involved in e- Waste. Collection of waste both electrical and electronic equipments Dismantling Extraction of Precious Metals. Recycling/Reuse Final disposal of e-waste residue in authorized landfill (TSDF). Recently, CPCB has issued latest guidelines for e-waste management. DPCC has issued an EOI for authorizing operators for the above 5 processes. 41 firms have shown their interest. RFP documents are being prepared by the M/s Ernst and Young Consultant.
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E. Construction and Demolition Waste

Average generation of C & D waste is 879 tones per day. Typical construction waste consists of concrete (23%), soil and sand (36%) and bricks and masonry (31%). IL&FS has made an offer to start a pilot project for systematic management of 500 TPD of C&D waste. Processing of C&D waste consist of crushing and grading. Estimated amount generated from sale of processed waste is Rs. 250 per tonnes. Burari site has been identified for setting up C&D waste processing plant.

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F. Plastic Waste
About 583 MT/ year of Plastic waste is generated in Delhi. Directions of Honble High Court: Delhi Govt. to issue a notification fixing the minimum thickness of plastic bags at 40 microns in place of 20 microns. Delhi Govt., DPCC and Civic Agencies shall take immediate steps for closure of unlicensed recycling units operating from non conforming areas by using unsound methods for recycling of plastic bags. Govt. of India shall expedite the constitution of the committee for verifying protocols for degradable and bio-degradable plastics in India. Delhi Govt. to issue an notification forbidding use 17 of plastic bags in the main markets and local shopping centres.

a)

b)

c)

d)

Follow-up Actions in respect of Court orders: The Govt. Of Delhi notified an Act The Delhi Degradable Plastic Bag (Manufacture, Sale and Usage) and Garbage (Control) Act, 2000. Use of degradable plastic bags was made mandatory for the sectors: Hospitals of 100 beds or more; 5 star and 4 star hotels ; Restaurants with 50 seats or above; Fruits and vegetable outlets of Mother Dairy; Liquor vends; Shopping malls. Amendment has been made in the Act to increase the thickness of plastic bags to 40 microns and to ensure that only degradable plastic bags are used in all shopping centres and main markets as directed by the Honble High Court. Local bodies viz MCD, NDMC, DCB, DDA had been asked to close down all unauthorised recycling units operating from non-conforming areas.
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All road laying agencies had been directed to utilise the plastic wastes as a substitute to the hot mix. Delhi Khadi Board, KVIC, Delhi Womens Commission etc had been asked to promote suitable schemes to promote manufacturing of value added products from plastic wastes. Two permanent stalls are being taken in Dilli Hatt wherein alternate bags like Jute, Cloth, Paper bags will be promoted. Airport & Railways had been asked to collect all kinds of the plastic wastes and hand over to authorised recyclers only.
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G. Mercury Waste
Sources: medical appliances, switches, lights (CFL and Tubelights) and thermal power stations. More than 5 lacs CFLs have been sold. Effects : highly toxic, damage to nervous system. An area of 25 acres of lake can be contaminated fully by 1 gram of mercury in 5 years. 81 tonnes of mercury emitted in the atmosphere in the world every year from power generation. The Govt. of Delhi is creating awareness campaigns for health care professionals regarding safe management and handling of mercury and alternatives to mercury devices etc. Mercury waste management by way of establishing state of art recycling technology
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III. GREENING
As per satellite imagery data of the Forest Research Institute Dehradun, the green cover of Delhi has reached 19.09% or 283 sq. kms. in 2005 compared to 3% or 36 sq. kms. in 1998. Informally, the 2007 green cover has gone beyond 20% or 300 sq. kms. and Delhi is stated to be one of the greenest capital cities in the world. MCD has nearly 14000 parks in Delhi. NDMC looks after and maintains 1000 parks and gardens in New Delhi area. DDA has 4 regional parks, 111 district parks, 255 neighbourhood parks, 25 city forests, 26 play areas and 2 bio-diversity parks and other green belts in Delhi.
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Steps taken by the Govt. to combat Climate Change

Solar water heating system 45 schools, colleges and social welfare institutions have been provided effective solar water heating systems with a 30 year life span. In Social Welfare houses, 65 solar cooking systems are proposed for processing of mid day meals. In Delhi Secretariat modalities are working out for installation of solar AC and Lighting. Solar Signages are proposed in 2500 eco-club schools. Rain water harvesting structure rain water harvesting structures have been created in more than 100 schools and colleges to harvest the 40 hours of rain in Delhi. 1200 cooperative housing societies are being encouraged to set up rain water harvesting structures. Major Hotels, Hospitals, Malls directed to do the same .

CFL 3 million Delhi households need to convert incandescent into CFL immediately to save nearly 1200 MW of power, since each CFL is 50% more efficient and lasts for 3 years as against 6 months for bulb. Composting - 1200 thousand tonnes of leaf waste is generated in Delhi and invariably gets burnt. Compost pits are being encouraged to prevent air pollution and to create vital compost. Organic waste converter is being propagated for conversion of kitchen waste into compost in hotels, hospitals, hostels and cooperative group housing societies. Water recycling All big water guzzlers are being asked to set up effluent treatment plants or sewage treatment plants and use treated water for horticulture purposes, air-conditioning or toilet flushing.

Paper recycling All big paper guzzlers are being directed to set up paper recycling plants and propagate use of recycled paper. 100 schools have been provided small paper recycling plants and more and more organizations are being motivated to do so. DG Sets All Malls, hotels, hospitals and big construction projects are being monitored regularly for installing acoustic enclosures and raise the stack height, to keep both air and noise pollution under control and curb carbon emissions. Battery Operated Vehicles Use of battery operated vehicle is being encouraged among citizens of Delhi by providing 15 % subsidy on vehicle's base price, refund of VAT, road tax and registration charges. As on date, Rs. 27.76 lakh has been released against subsidy and Rs. 22.07 lakhs has been released against VAT exemption by DPCC to 9 agencies.

Delhi Metro Rail is the first Railway project in the world to be registered by UNFCCC for CDM. DMRC claims 4 lakhs CERs for a 10 year crediting period beginning December 2007. This translates to Rs. 1.2 Crore per Year. Energy conservation through regenerative breaking system and reducing number of passenger trips. Buses switched over to CNG fuel mode. Fuel efficient, Low floor, AC and non AC buses introduced in the city.

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