WEEK 1 : LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND LANGUAGE LEARNING

Nativist Behaviourist Functional

First Language Acquisiton

behaviourist

Pavlov Watson Thorndike Skinner

nativist

Eric Lenneberg Chomsky

functional

Bloom Piaget

BEHAVIOURIST

NATIVIST

FUNCTIONAL

- Tabula rasa - Stimuli : linguistic responses - Conditioning - Reinforcement

Mediating responses

- Innate predisposition (LAD / UG ) - Systematic, rulegoverned acquisition - Creative construction - pivot grammar - Parallel distributed processing.

- Constructivitst - Social interaction - Cognition and language - Function of language - Discourse

MEDIATION THEORY

Behaviourism

Learning and Acquisition

HOW DO PUPILS LEARN A LANGUAGE

Cognitivism

Humanism

CONSIST OF

PSYCOLOGISTS

Pavlov Reinforcement Watson Stimulus

LEARNING MODEL
Response

Thorndike

Skinner

BEHAVIOURISM

An emphasis on aural oral skills.

Theory of learning Audio lingual method ( features )

Immediate correction of errors

An emphasis on repetition and drills.

Teacher centredness

The use of target language only

Immediate reward / reinforcement after every correct response.

How to analyse problems

How to think for themselves

Noam Chomsky

PROPOSE TEACHING LEARNER

PSYCOLOGISTS

Emphasis on the learners and how they organize their knowledge

MENTAL PROCESS

COGNITIVISM

ACTIVE PROCESS

CLASSROOM PRACTICE

ROLE OF TEACHER

Learner centred Focuses on discovery learning To arrange and present new information in such way that learners can relate the new information to their own existing mental structure and previous knowledge.

Inductive approach

Deductive approach

HUMANISM

On affective and emotional factors places the students at the centre of the learning process.

To create a conducive, nonthreatening environment

IMPORTANCE

TEACHER'S ROLE

EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
Increase personal involvement, stimulation of feeling and thinking, self initiation and self evaluation.

METHOD
Community Language Learning Silent Way Suggestopedia

LEARNING AND ACQUISITION

LEARNING
is a concious process where learners study the language in an organizae manner following a programme or syllabus.

ACQUISITION
take place unconciously, very similar to the way one learns one's native language.

learner knowing the rules governing the use of the language.

it occurs in a situation where the learner is exposed to a lot of natural language.

student able to produce accurately these language items presented systematically and formally

student able to to use the language fluently and appropriately.

DESCRIBING AND EXPLAINING L2 ACQUISITION

DEFINITION OF SLA L2 acquisition can be defined as the way in which people learn a language other than their mother tongue, inside or outside of a classroom, and Second Language Acquisition as the study of this.

GOALS OF SLA

to describe how L2 acquisition proceed and to explain this process and why some learners seem to be better at it than others

Description of L2 acquisition

Explanation

external factor

internal factor

social milieu

input

learner possess cognitive mechanism

is that need to be describe

to measure whether acquisition has taken place concerns learners' overuse of linguistic forms

METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES

learner has acquired a feature of the target language

determining whether learner have acquired a particular feature

L2 learner acquire a large number of formulaic chunks learner make errors of different kinds ISSUES IN THE DESCRIPTION OF LEARNER LANGUAGE whether learner acquire the language systematically

the systematic nature of L2 acquisition also requires explanation learner must engage in both item learning and system learning

L2 learner can only acquire difficult linguistic features if they receive direct instruction in them.

ISSUES IN THE EXPLANATION OF L2 ACQUISITION