Combining Real Numbers and Simplifying Tricks

Addition Subtraction

Multiplication

Like Terms

Practice Problems:
1. 3 x + y when x = -2, y = -4 2. 12( x)(2) when x = -3 3. 4 x 3x 2 + 2 x 5 x 9 x 2 + 2 x 2

Properties and Examples

Addition Properties Commutative Property the order in which you add the two numbers does not change the sum Associative Property - the way you group the numbers does not change the sum Identity Property the sum of a number and 0 is the number Inverse Property the sum of a number and its opposite is 0 Multiplication Properties Commutative Property the order in which you multiply two numbers does not change the product Associative Property the way you group the numbers in a product does not change the product Identity Property the product of a number and 1 is that number Property of Zero the product of a number and 0 is 0 Property of -1 the product of a number and -1 is the opposite of the number Examples Examples

Identifying Properties
Identify the Addition Property Illustrated: __________________________________1. 8 x 2 + 8 x 2 = 0
3 3 __________________________________2. ( x + 4) +5 = +( 4 +5)

__________________________________3. 5 x + 0 = 5 x Identify the Multiplication Property Illustrated: __________________________________4. 5 x 0 = 0 __________________________________5. 3 x 5 x = 5 x 3 __________________________________6. x 4 x 2 3 = x 4 x 2 3 __________________________________7. 7 x 1 = 7 x

) (

Using Properties
Simplify or solve each. 8. 3 x + 7 x 9. 1x + 3 x + 4 x

10. x 2 + 3 x 2 + 2 x + 8 x

11. 10 x 2 + 22 x 2 + 8 x 2

12. 5 x 2 + 3 x + 6 x + 10 x 2

13. 5 x 9 x

14. 15 x 4 x

15. 2 x 1x + 10 x

16. 5 x ( 3 x )

17. 5 x 2 4 x 2 3 x 2 + 6 x 2

Evaluating Expressions
Evaluate the expression with the given values. 18. 2 + x + (7); x = 8 19. 8 + 2 x + (5); x = 2

20. x ( y ); x = 10, y = 8

21. y + 2 x x; x = 4, y = 2

22. 15 x y; x = 2, y = 3

23. x 20 + y; x = 3, y = 4

24. 10 xy; x = 2, y = 3

25. 4 x + 2 y; x = 3, y = 2

Story Problems
Solve. 26. There is a slow leak in your bike tire. The average rate of change of air in your tire is -2 pounds per square inch per day. The amount of air in your tire is now 70 pounds per square inch. a. Write an equation to represent the expression.

b. Find the amount of air that will be in your tire in 5 days.

27. You are descending from the top of a 32 foot tall rock climbing wall at an average rate of -2.3 feet per minute. a. Write an equation to represent the situation.

b. How many feet off the floor are you in 5 minutes? How many feet off the ground are you in 10 minutes? Approximately when will you reach the ground?

28. You are picking up a friend and going to a movie. Your friend lives 5 miles west of your house and the movie theater is 18 miles east of your friends house. When you are at the movie, how far way are you from your home?

29. The average daytime temperature on the surface of the moon is 107C and the average nighttime temperature on the surface of the moon is -153C. What is the change in temperature from nighttime to daytime?

30. A kind of lava, black lava, is moving away from the based of a volcano at a rate of 1.5 meters per day. If the lava continues to flow at this rate, how far away has the lava flowed from the based of the volcano in 30 days?

Simplifying Like Terms

31. 4 x + 2 x 9 x 2 + 5 x 2 x 3x 2 33. y y 35. 5 x 3 y 37. 12 x 9 y 2 + 4 x 1 y 2 + 2 x 32. 12 y 4 x + 2 x 2 + 4 y +5 y 8 x 2 34. 2 y 4 y 36. 2 x 4 y 3 38. x + 5 x 9 40. 5 x 3 y 2 + 2 y + 8 x y + y 2

39. 8 + 2 x 5 x + x 41. Can like terms be added together?

42. Can like terms be multiplied together? 43. Write your own like terms problem, then solve.

Multiplying
44. 4(6)

45. 8(11) 1 47. (6 x)(2 x) 2 1 3 4 49. 2 5 2 51. 2 x(4 y )(5 y ) 1 53. ( 2 x ) (4 x ) 2

1 46. (6) 2 1x 3 x 2 4

48.

50. x(3x )(4 y ) 1 2 52. (5 x) 3 5

54. An investor purchases 50 shares of stock at $3.50 per share. The next day, the change in value of the share of the stock is -$0.25. What is the total value of the shares the next day?

55. The Rialto Bridge in Venice, Italy is a footbridge built in the late 16th century. The maximum clearance between the water and the bridge is about 7.32 meters. Because of a rising seal level and a gradual sinking of the city, the clearance changes at an average rate f about -2 millimeters per year. Approximate the clearance after 15 years.