WHY DO WE NEED TO DO

RESEARCH
IN COLLEGE

Research is...

NOT SURE IF SERIOUS QUESTION

OR ICEBREAKER

Research makes me feel.

T H E

OBVIOUS SOLUTION

MAKE RESEARCH
Less absurd and intimidating More engaging

HELPING RESEARCH MAKE SENSE BY...

USING EXISTING LITERATURE TO GUIDE OUR INQUIRIES AND ADDRESS OUR CURIOSITIES

SEPTEMBER

THERE IS THE HOPE THAT THERE WILL BE...

A GREATER NUMBER OF AND INCREASE IN THE INTENSITY OF POSITIVE, ACTIVATING EMOTIONS THAT WILL BE EXPERIENCED IN RELATION TO RESEARCH

MORE POSITIVE ATTITUDES TOWARD RESEARCH AN INCREASE IN RESEARCH SELF-EFFICACY

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

(Creswell, 2008, P. 8)

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

Deciding on audiences
Structuring the report Writing the report sensitively Specifying a problem Justifying it Suggesting the need to study it for audiences

Breaking down the data Representing the data Explaining the data

Locating resources Selecting resources Summarizing resources

Identifying the purpose statement Narrowing the purpose statement to research questions or hypothesis

Selecting individuals to study Obtaining permissions Gathering information

(Creswell, 2008, P. 8)

THE QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH PROCESS

MEASURE VARIABLES ASSESS THE IMPACT OF THESE VARIABLES ON AN OUTCOME TEST THEORIES OR BROAD EXPLANATIONS APPLY RESULTS TO A LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE

Description and explanation oriented

Standard and fixed Objective and unbiased

Statistical analysis Description of trends, comparison of groups, or relationship among variables A comparison of results with predictions and past studies Predetermined

Major role Justification for the research problem and specification for the need for the study Specific and narrow Measurable, observable data
(Creswell, 2008, P. 8)

instruments Numeric (numbered) Large number of

THE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH PROCESS

LEARN ABOUT THE VIEWS OF INDIVIDUALS ASSESS A PROCESS OVER TIME GENERATE THEORIES BASED ON PARTICIPANT PERSPECTIVES OBTAIN DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT A FEW PEOPLE OR RESEARCH SITES

Flexible and emerging Reflexive and biased Text analysis Description, analysis, and thematic development The larger meaning of findings General, emerging form Text or image data Small number of individuals or sites

Exploratory and understanding oriented

Minor role Justificatio n for the research problem General and broad Participants experiences

(Creswell, 2008, P. 8)

THE FIRST FEW STAGES OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS COULD BE LIKENED TO...

BEING LOST

YOU ARE HERE

YOU ARE HERE

PLAN
YOUR ADVENTURE

YOU ARE HERE

KNOW
YOUR DESTINATION

I D E N T I F Y
THINK ABOUT IT

A TOP

ANALYZE YOUR OWN EXPERIENCES

Think about your own experiences and reflect on what factors have influenced the outcome variable Procrastination Low grades in a specific subject Social anxiety

(Jaccard & Jacoby, 2012, p. 48

APPLY DEVIANT CASE ANALYSIS

Certain individuals or some groups may stand out, with respect to a phenomenon, as being different from the rest of the crowd. Why? What can explain the behavior of these deviant cases?

(Jaccard & Jacoby, 2012, p. 55)

CONSULT YOUR GRANDMOTHER

...AND PROVE HER WRONG
Take the obvious and think about how it could be wrong Being in a good mood increases life satisfaction

(Jaccard & Jacoby, 2012, p. 58

YOU ARE HERE

KNOW
YOUR TOOLS

http://www.dlsu.edu.ph/library/electronic_data bases.asp

YOU ARE HERE

KNOW
THE LAY OF THE LAND

READ
EXISTING LITERATURE

(Jaccard & Jacoby, 2012 )

READING THE LITERATURE THOROUGHLY, CRITICALLY, ANDTHAT STIMULATES IDEAS MIGHT NOT OTHERWISE CREATIVELY... COME
ABOUT

PROVIDES MUCH NEEDED FOCUS AND CLARITY

THOROUGH
AND

DETAILED

ACCOUNT OF ALL THE EXISTING PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES AND CONCEPTS WHICH CAN BE USED TO GENERATE OR TO STRUCTURE RESEARCH IDEAS

OVERFLOWING RESOURCE OF... Topics that have

been investigated in the past Specific research questions asked Conceptual and operational definitions Instruments used to manipulate / measure variables Methods

FLIP
THE PAGES AND LOOK AT THE

REFERENCES

LITERATURE REVIEW FOR

QUANTITATIVE STUDIES
WILL TELL YOU WHETHER THE PROBLEM YOU HAVE IDENTIFIED HAS ALREADY BEEN RESEARCHED

YES
IT HAS BEEN RESEARCHED

REVISE THE PROBLEM IN LIGHT OF THE RESULTS OF OTHER STUDIES LOOK FOR ANOTHER PROBLEM, UNLESS YOU THINK THERE IS A NEED TO REPLICATE THE STUDY

(Johnson & Christensen, 2008)

LITERATURE REVIEW FOR

QUANTITATIVE STUDIES
WILL ASSIST IN FORMING RESEARCH QUESTIONS
MIGHT GIVE YOU IDEAS ON HOW TO PROCEED WITH AND DESIGN THE STUDY SO THAT YOU CAN OBTAIN AN ANSWER TO YOUR RESEARCH QUESTION(S)

(Johnson & Christensen, 2008)

LITERATURE REVIEW
FOR QUALITATIVE STUDIES

THE RESEARCHER NEEDS TO MAKE SURE THAT THE LITERATURE REVIEW DOES NOT CONSTRAIN AND STIFLE THE DISCOVERY OF NEW CONSTRUCTS

(Johnson & Christensen, 2008)

YOU ARE HERE

KNOW
YOUR TIMETABLE

YOU ARE HERE

START
YOUR ADVENTURE

YOU ARE HERE

START
YOUR ADVENTURE

SURVIVING PSYCHOGICAL RESEARCH

THEY NEED NOT BE THE

SMARTEST,

BUT THEY: Are there when you need them Respect deadlines Listen and respond to feedback in a positive and proactive manner

ALWAYS BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR

Sentences and ideas that do not make sense Or only make sense at 4am Loopholes in your procedures Conceptual and methodological limitations of your study Intervening variables that may influence causal links you are establishing

YOU MAY FIND YOURSELF COMPLAINING ABOUT YOUR GROUPMATES OUTPUT!

Talk about the quality of output that is expected in the group Learn to give and receive feedback in a manner that is assertive but not offensive or defensive

YOUR FRIENDS MAY BE BOWLED OVER BY YOUR SHORT STORIES AND POEMS, FACEBOOK NOTES AND TWEETS ...HOWEVER,
Be aware and follow the conventions of academic writing set by the American Psychological Association

IF THERE ARE QUESTIONS THAT YOU WANT ANSWERED

Be a self-regulated learner. Find a means to answer it on your own
If you are unable to find an adequate answer, consult your MENTOR

CONSULT. DO NOT COMPLAIN!

R E F E R E N C E S
American Psychological Association. (2007). APA guidelines for the

undergraduate psychology major.Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from

www.apa.org/ed/resources.html Bard, C.C., Bieschke, K.J., Herbert, J.T., & Eberz, A.B. (2000). Predicting research interest among rehabilitation counseling students and faculty. (Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 44(1), 48-55. Barrett, M. (2006). Practical and ethical issues in planning research. G.M. Breakwell, S. Hammond, C. Fife-Schaw, & J.A. Smith (2006) Research methods in psychology (3rd edition). Sage Publications Inc. Creswell, J.W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. Elmore, P.B. & Vasu, E.S. (1980). Relationship between selected variables and statistics achievement: Building a theoretical model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 457-467. Holland, R.W., Hendriks, M., & Aarts, H. (2005). Smells like clean spirit: Nonconscious effects of scent on cognition and behavior. Psychological Science, 16, 689-693. Jaccard, J. & Jacoby, J. (2010). Theory construction and model-building skills: A practical guide for social scientists.. New York, NY: The Guilford Press. Johnson, B. & Christensen, L. (2008). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Meece, J.L., Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J.S. (1990). Predictors of math anxiety and its influence on young adolescents' course enrollment intentions and performance in mathematics. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82-60-70 Papanistiou, E.C. (2005). Factor structure of the Attitudes towards research