FilterDesign and HFSS HO

Filter Design and Ansoft Tools
1-1
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
Anders Edquist
Field Application Engineer
Introduction
Courtesy of
Microdata Telecom Innovation
1-2
Courtesy of Powerwave Technologies
Courtesy of Powerwave Technologies
Introduction - Traditional Filter Synthesis
The majority of modern microwave filters are designed by using the insertion-loss method, whereby the amplitude
response of the filter is approximated by using network synthesis techniques that have been extended to accommodate
microwave distributed circuit elements. A general four-step procedure is followed: determination of filter specifications,
design of a low-pass prototype filter, scaling and transforming the filter, and implementation (conversion of lumped
elements to distributed elements)
LP
1-3
A group of traditional filter designers
BP
Introduction - Prototype Filter Networks
- M
- M
M
1-4
=
=
1 2
2 1
i M j v
i M j v
v
1
-L
0
-L
0
L
0
L
0
v
2
i
1 i
2
M
M K =
k L M K
0
= =
M M M M
R
1 R
2
M
01
M
12
M
13
M
23
M
34
C
2 C
3
C
1
L
0
L
0 L
0
v
1 v
2 i
0 i
1
i
2
i
3
i
4
=
1 01 1
i M j v
Introduction - Prototype Filter Networks
1-5
i K u =
0
L j
( )
( )
( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
(
(
(
4
3
2
1
0
34
34
1
0 03 23 13
23
1
0 02 12
13 12
1
0 01 01
01
0
2
1
0 0 0 0
0
0 0
0
0 0 0 0
0
0
0
i
i
i
i
i
k
k jQ k k
k jQ k
k k jQ k
k
L j
v
v

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
=
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =
=
4 34 2
4 34 3
1
0 03 0 2 23
3 23 2
1
0 02 0 1 12
2 12 1
1
0 01 0 0 01
1 01 1
0
0
0
i M j v
i M j i jQ L j i M j
i M j v
2
2
0
0
1
i
i
=
Introduction The Coupling Matrix
R
1 R
2
M
01
M
12
M
13
M
23
M
34
C
2 C
3
C
1
L
0
L
0 L
0
v
1 v
2 i
0 i
1
i
2
i
3
i
4
i K u = L j
2
2
0
0
1
i
i
=
1-6
( )
( )
( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=

0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0
0 0
0
0 0 0 0
1
0
34
34 03 23 13
23 02 12
13 12 01 01
01
jQ
k
k k k
k k
k k k
k

K
Resonant frequency
Coupling coefficients
Q-values
Coupling Matrix
i K u =
0
L j
Introduction Modern Filter Synthesis (example)
Output from synthesis tool
Is the Coupling Matrix
1-7
Courtesy of Guided Wave Technology
[1] R.J. Cameron, "Advanced coupling matrix synthesis techniques for microwave filters", IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol 51, pp. 1-10, Jan 2003.
[2] R.J. Cameron, "General coupling matrix synthesis methods for Chebyshev filtering functions", IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol 47, pp. 433-442, Apr 1999.
[3] A.E Atia and A.E. Williams, "New types of bandpass filters for satellite transponders", "COMSAT Tech. Rev., vol 1, no. 1, pp. 21-43, Fall 1971.
[4] Cameron, Kudsia, Mansour, "Microwave Filters for Communication Systems", Wiley-Interscience, 2007
[5] G. Macchiarella, S.C.D'Oro, "Design of Generalized Comb Filters With Asymmetric Transmission Zeroes Using Arbitrary Cascaded Triplet and Quadruplet Sections",
28th EUMC, Amsterdam 1998, pp. 179-183.
System Analysis
A prototype filter network based on the synthesised coupling matrix is easy to build
for use as a building block in a system simulation
1-8
The filters can be optimised based on the cascaded system performance.
System Analysis Optimisation
1-9
Filter Realisation Coupling Extraction
The key to the realisation of a synthesised prototype network:
How to extract the mutual couplings between resonators of an arbitrary 3D geometry?
1-10
Design variables
v.s
Coupling coefficients?
Generalized bandpass filter circuit with admittance inverters
J
01
J
12
J
23
J
n,n+1
G
A G
B
B
1
()
Coupling coefficients can be calculated from (MYJ) External Q-values can be calculated from (Ness)
B
2
()
B
n
()
Coupling Extraction Theory
1-11
[1] G.L. Matthaei, L. Young and E.M.T. Jones, Microwave Filters, Impedance-Matching Networks and Coupling Structures.
New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964
[2] John B. Ness, A Unified Approach to the Design, Measurement, and Tuning of Coupled-Resonator Filters. IEEE
Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol 46, No 4, April 1998
( )
( )
=

=
11
0 0
4
S
Q
d
d
e
0
2
0
1
1
1
1 ,
1 ,
f f
j
j
n
j
j j
j j
j j
df
dB
f
b
b b
J
k
=
=
+
+
+
=
=
Place lumped ports at every resonator
1
Coupling Extraction Implementation
1-12
Y
11
+Y
12
Y
22
+Y
12
J = -Y
12
-Y
12
Y
11
Y
22
0
2
0
1
1
1
1 ,
1 ,
f f
j
j
n
j
j j
j j
j j
df
dB
f
b
b b
J
k
=
=
+
+
+
=
=
)) ( (
) (
,
, ,
j j j
j i j i
Y im deriv b
Y im J
=
=
Coupling Extraction Port Re-normalisation
Port 1
(Zp = 50 )
Port 2
(Zp = 50 )
Port 3
(Zp = 50 )
Example:
Q = R / L
f0=1GHz
L = 1 nH
Q = 3000
R 3000 *2pi
R = 50 ohm
Q 50/2pi
1-13
Znorm= 10
10

(open)
Znorm= 10
-10

(short)
Port 1
(Zp = 50 )
(open)
S
11
Q 50/2pi
(HFSS > Results > Output Variables)
dB dB
Create Output Variables
2
Coupling Extraction Implementation
1-14
df
dB
df
dB
B k
j j i i
j i j i BW
, ,
, , ,
2 =
( )
2
0 0
f
Q
d
e

=

Coupling Extraction
Extracted couplings
Design variables
Extract Couplings for a given set of
Design variables
3
(Analytical derivatives*)
1-15
*) The estimated aperture heights from a single extraction using Analytical Derivatives and
Report Tuning resulted in couplings within approx 5% from synthesis
Coupling Optimisation
Optimise all couplings simultaneously
4
1-16
If making variants of the filter, getting the designs curves its
probably more preferable to run a parametric sweep rather than
multiple optimisations.
+
Verification Virtual Tuning
1-17
oDynamic Link between Ansoft Designer and HFSS
oPlace capacitors at resonator ports
oInterpolate or Solve missing solutions
Good correspondence with synthesis
apart from at the transmission zeros.
WHY ???
HFSS
synthesis
Coupling Extraction Parasitic Couplings
1-18
Main couplings Parasitic couplings
How large impact does the parasitic
couplings have on the ideal synthesised
response?
Port Tuning
Modify the prototype network built from synthesis and include the spurious coupling
1-19
Modify the prototype network built from synthesis and include the spurious coupling
Port Tuning
1-20
HFSS
(synthesis)
Synthesis
with parasitics
Summary
A prototype filter network was built in Ansoft Designer based on a
synthesised coupling matrix and used in a system simulation.
Based on the system simulations, a modified coupling matrix was retrieved.
An efficient method of coupling extraction was implemented in HFSS for the
realisation of the coupling matrix.
1-21
realisation of the coupling matrix.
The results from HFSS was dynamically linked into Ansoft Designer and the
filter was virtually tuned.
It was shown that parasitic couplings can have huge impact on the filter
performance.
The method for coupling extraction makes it possible to calculate these parasitics. Therefore, it is possible to
account for parasitics in an early stage of the design.
Thank You!
1-22
Thank You!

FilterDesign and HFSS HO

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Filter Design and Ansoft Tools

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