Physical Chemistry

Physical Chemistry Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic, atomic, subatomic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of laws and concepts of physics. It applies the principles, practices and concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics and dynamics. Physical chemistry, in contrast to chemical physics, is predominantly (but not always) a macroscopic or supra-molecular science, as the majority of the principles on which physical chemistry was founded, are concepts related to the bulk rather than on molecular/atomic structure alone. For example, chemical equilibrium, and colloids. Some of the relationships that physical chemistry strives to resolve include the effects of: Intermolecular forces that act upon the physical properties of materials (plasticity, tensile strength, surface tension in liquids). Reaction kinetics on the rate of a reaction. The identity of ions on the electrical conductivity of materials. Surface chemistry and electrochemistry of membranes.

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States of Matter :All the material on earth exist in three different states: solid, liquid and gas. Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms. Every solid, liquid and gas in the universe has atoms. Atoms are so small and it is not visible to eyes. Atoms consist of three parts composed of protons, neutrons and electrons. Chemical Change and Chemical Systems :The observation of chemical reaction is generalized in certain way called laws of chemical change. There are several types of chemical changes including synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, neutralization, precipitation, combustion and redox reaction. Conservation of Matter and Stoichiometry :In the context of ecological Stoichiometry, conservation of energy presents somewhat of a semantic problem. The term Stoichiometry normally refers only to the conservation of matter. Chemical Kinetics :Chemical kinetics is also known as reaction kinetics. Kinetics can be subdivided into physical kinetics, dealing with physical phenomena such as diffusion and viscosity, and chemical kinetics which deals with the rates of chemical reaction. Kinetic Theory of Gases :This is the study of action of molecules. Gases can be studied based on the relationship among the temperature, pressure and volume of gases. According to this theory, energy and momentum are conserved in all collisions between particles, and the average behavior of the particles can be deduced by statistical analysis.

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Thermodynamics :The branch of physical science that deals with the relations between heat and other forms of energy and by extension of the relationships and inter convertibility of all forms of energy. Thermochemistry :This branch of chemistry which deals with the study of energy changes accompanying chemical reactions is termed as thermochemistry.

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