T76/2010 Power Engineering Specification

This trainer should cover the following: Power Generation Power transmission and distribution Protection techniques Energy utilisation The system should be able to mimic real life high voltage practical's, using a 380V 5 wire supply. The system should be supplied complete with 3x 19 inch rack systems which mount onto suitable workstations. The rack units, must be able to accommodate all the modules supplied. All modules supplied must have 4mm sockets to allow for quick interconnection.

Power Generation
The minimum size of machines required is 1.0 kW. It must include a two pole alternator connected and driven by a DC shunt machine. These machines should be supplied on a mounting platform, which fits onto the workstation. Must include a power supply, which offers three phase AC at up to 25A. This should have power on indicators for each phase and include Circuit breaker protection as well as 63A 30ma Earth leakage. Key control included. The first DC supply should offer 0-240V DC at 8A protected by Earth Leakage and circuit breakers of 6.3 to 10A. Include key control. Include Digital ammeter and digital voltmeter to read outputs. Second DC supply of 0-260Vdc at 0.6A with power on indicator and switch. These outputs should be protected with circuit breakers and the inputs with three phase earth leakage. Variable Inductance, Capacitance and Resistive loads. Optical transducer and digital tachometer for speed readouts with 1.5% accuracy. Experiment transformer offering single phase outputs of 0-250V ac at 3A and also floating voltages 0-42Vac at 3A, 0-24Vac at 6A, 0-12Vac at 12A. Outputs protected by thermal circuit breakers. Synchronising indicator, indication lamps showing mains and generator voltage relationship. Phase sequence indicator, leds for showing phase rotation. Power meter , capable of measuring active power and reactive capacitive/ inductive power for frequency ranges of active power 0-20kHz and reactive power 50Hz Experimental Capabilities: Alternator and parallel operation determination of the effective resistance of stator and exciter windings of the alternator determination of the mechanical and iron losses of the alternator recording the open-circuit curve at various speeds determination of the ohmic and stray losses of the alternator recording the short-circuit curve at various speeds calculating the synchronous reactance recording the response of the alternator operating with the excitation and speed kept constant under different types of load recording the regulation characteristics at different power factors determination of the conventional efficiency of the alternator using the open- and short-circuit test results becoming familiar with various lamp circuits used to connect an alternator in parallel to a constant-voltage constant-frequency system parallel operation using a synchroscope response of the alternator on a constant-voltage constant-frequency system recording the V-curves (Mordey curves) of the synchronous motor

Power Transmission and Distribution

Demonstration of power step up and step down will be done practically as well as smooth operation of the transmission devices, making a smooth supply.. Power exchanging between networks, for example stepping high voltages down for to medium voltage s and then for feeding power to low voltage networks.

A Three winding transformer is supplied which allows for different primary and secondary voltages. While the tertiary wininds are used as delta stabilising winiding for symmetrical loads. Overhead power transmission line with simulated length of 360km, using a simulated voltage of 380V and simulated current of 1000A is used, with a scale factor of 1:1000 Page 2 Performance factors of the line are investigated under various load conditions. Various neutral point connections are tested in the 3 phase mains supply. Symmetrical short circuits are also simulated. Power compensation is also demonstrated. Series and parallel operation of lines and transformers is included. Comparisons of delta to star and star to delta connections are done. Busbar disconnections, power circuit breakers, voltage and current transformers are studied All necessary equipment with connection by 4mm sockets, should be supplied to carry our the following experiments: Experimental Capabilities Three-phase transformer determination of the vector group of the three-phase transformer determination of the voltage transformation ratio at no-load determination of the current transformation ratio with short-circuit determination of the equivalent circuit quantities based on the consumed active and reactive power measurement of the effect of the load type and magnitude on the performance of the secondary voltage determination of the efficiency of the transformer investigation of the zero-impedance of the three-phase transformer with various connection modes examination of load capacity of the secondary, using a single-phase load with different connection modes on the primary side determination of the influence of a delta stabilizing winding demonstration of the three-phase transformer in economy connection (autotransformer) Overhead line model measurement of the voltages in no-load operation concept of operating capacitance line model with increased operating capacitance measurement of current and voltage relationship of an overhead line in matched-load operation. Interpretation of the terms: characteristic wave impedance, lagging and leading operation, efficiency and transmission losses measurement and interpretation of the current and voltage ratios of a transmission line during a three-phase short-circuit measurement and interpretation of the current and voltage ratios of a transmission line with mixed ohmicinductive and pure inductive loads measurement and interpretation of the current and voltage ratios of a transmission line with mixed ohmiccapacitive and pure capacitive loads investigation on the performance of a transmission line with isolated neutral point connection in the case of a fault to earth measurement of the earth-fault current and the voltage rise of the faulty phases determination of the inductance of an earth-fault neutralizar for the overhead line model investigation on the performance of a transmission line with a fault and comparison of the current values with those determined during earth-fault with isolated neutral point system measurement of the fault currents of asymmetrical shortcircuits and comparison of the results with those for a threephase fault investigation on the effect of parallel compensation on the voltage stability at the load and the transmission losses of the line investigation on the effect of series compensation on the voltage stability at the load use of measurement techniques to determine the zero-phase sequence impedance of the overhead line model and comparison of this value with the theoretical one Series and parallel connection of HV lines measurement of the voltage distribution in the series connection of two lines without operating capacitances measurement of the voltage distribution in the series connection of two lines with operating capacitances measurement of the voltage distribution in the parallel connection of two lines without operating capacitances measurement of the voltage distribution in the parallel connection of two lines with operating capacitances Busbar systems

 operation of a switching station with two busbars and different voltages busbar transfer with interruption of the power supply to the consumer busbar coupling and bus transfer without interruption of the power supply to the consumer switching sequence for disconnectors and power circuit breakers Page 3 Items should include: 2x Three phase Line simulation models, 360km, 380kV, 1000A Petersen Coil with 20 tappings for earth fault simulation, 0.005to 2H 4x Power circuit breakers 1x Double busbar with 2 disconnectors 1x Double busbar with 4 disconnectors Line capacitor - three phase capacitor in star connection 2x Micorprocessor controlled Power meters, capable of measuring 3 phase voltage, current, frequency, reactive power, active power and apparent power Protection Techniques. Power values are continually monitored, to evaluate the state of the supply system. Monitors power supply and allows for Protection of the system and quick disconnection in fault conditions. Single and three phase current and voltage transformers are studied. Protection relays included are under/over voltage, definite time over current relays, inverse time over current relays, earth fault relays. Short circuit protection is also investigated.

Experimental capabilities:
Instrument transformers determination of the transformation ratio of a ct for various primary currents and loads explanation of the terms: ratio error (current error), accuracy class and rated accuracy limit factor test on the performance of the current transformer during overcurrent assembly of the current transformer circuit for measurement on a three-phase network measurement of the zero-phase sequence current of a three phase system measurements by use of a summation current transformer demonstration of the principle of differential protection determination of the transformation ratio of a voltage transformer for various primary voltages and investigation on the influence of the load on the transformation ratio explanation of the terms: ratio error (voltage error) and accuracy class assembly of the common voltage transformer circuit for measurements in three-phase network measurement of the residual voltage in a three-phase system with a fault to ground assembly of a voltage transformer circuit in open delta connection measurement of the three conductor voltages on symmetrical and asymmetrical loads Protective relays connection of an under/over voltage relay in a three-phase network and investigation of its behaviour determination of the resetting ratio of an under/over voltage relay measurement of the operating time of an under/over voltage relay connection of a definite time over-current relay in a three phase network and investigation of its behaviour determination of the resetting ratio of a definite time overcurrent relay measurement of the operating time of a definite time overcurrent relay connection of an inverse time over-current relay in a three phase network and investigation of its behaviour measurement of the operating time of an inverse time overcurrent relay investigation of an earth-fault relay checking the operation time set demonstration of earth-fault alarm in a three-phase network reaction to so-called transient earth faults investigation of a directional earth-fault relay, effective currents and on the direction of operation investigation of combined over-current and earth-fault relay connected in a solid earthed three-phase network demonstration of how the external blocking input works Protection of HV line demonstration of protection offered by under/over voltage time relay demonstration of the protection of transmission line in a solid earthed network, in three-phase, two-phase or

single-phase short-circuits demonstration of how an earth-fault warning relay monitors the transmission line in a network with isolated neutral connection Page 4 Extra items should include: Current transformer, with variable load capability Single and three phase current transformer Voltage transformer with variable load capability Single and three phase current transformer Under/overvoltage relay Inverse time overcurrent relay Definite time overcurrent relay Combined overcurrent and earth fault relay Single phase directional relay Earth fault control relay Variable inductive and capacitive relay, which can trigger the single phase directional relay Summation current transformer Acoustic continuity tester Stopwatch

Energy Utilisation
Study of Power compensation as used by large energy consumers in industry. Reactive power meters monitor power consumed, where inadequate power factor correction is done. Investigate the problems caused by harmonic currents other harmonic influences. Study factors involved with compensating capacitors and transformers which cause parallel oscillations and resonance. Investigate problems involved with active and reactive power measurement. Experimental Capabilities Power factor improvement demonstration of the manual control of reactive power with various inductive loads demonstration of the automatic control of reactive power with various inductive loads and different sensitivities Energy meters and tariffs demonstration of the measurement of active energy consumption demonstration of the measurement of reactive energy consumption determination of the meters constant demonstration of the measurement of the maximum demand demonstration of load cut-off operation Extra Items which should be included: Three phase squirrel cage motor , minimum 1.0kW 380V, which can be mounted on the frame supplied. Reactive power controller with automatic adjustment for power factor in systems with inductive loads, must be adjustable from 0.9 to 0.98 ind. Sensitivity 0.2 to 1.2K, 2 decimal digit display, 4x N/O contacts with LED indicator, automatic frequency detection. Switchable three phase capacitor bank, with at least 4 settings up to 1360VAr . Power meter, capable of measuring active power and reactive capacitive/ inductive power for frequency ranges of active power 0-20kHz and reactive power 50Hz. Three phase microprocessor controlled power meter capable of measuring 0-800Vrms, 0-20Arms, inm operating frequency of 47 to 63Hz. Additional Requirements A comprehensive manual should be supplied, with practicals to carry out all experiment capabilities. A set of 100 banana type leads must be included, of sufficient length to allow inter connection of all the modules included. . The following valid documents should be attach to the tender.

BBBEE Verification Certificate and Tax Clearance Certificate

Payments terms 30 days after statement date