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3 Quadratic Equations
Unit 1 Functions and Relations
Complex Numbers
As you should recall, there is no real number solution to x2 = 1 so the number i has been defined so that i2 = 1 which means that i = 1 . Complex numbers are numbers in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers. For any positive real number a, a = i a
Complex Numbers
Example: Simplify (a) 16 (a) (b) (c)
16 = i 16 = 4i 48 = i 48 = 4i 3
(b) 48
(c)
( 4)( 9)
( 4)( 9) =
36 = 6
Quadratic Equations
A quadratic equation is an equation that can be written in the form ax 2 + bx + c = 0 where a, b, and c are real numbers, with a 0. This is standard form. A quadratic equation can be solved by factoring, graphing, completing the square, or by using the quadratic formula. Graphing and factoring dont always work, but completing the square and the quadratic formula will always provide the solution(s).
30 6 1 5
(2x + 5)( x 3) = 0
2x + 5 = 0 or x 3 = 0 5 5 x= , 3 The solution set is ,3 2 2
Quadratic Formula
The solutions of the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 , where a 0, are
b b2 4ac x= 2a
Example: Solve 2x 2 = x 4
Quadratic Formula
Example: Solve 2x 2 = x 4 a = 2, b = 1, c = 4 2x 2 x + 4 = 0
x=
( 1)
( 1) 4(2)( 4 ) 2( 2 )
1 31 i 4 4
Cubic Equations
A cubic equation is an equation of degree 3. We will mainly be working with cubic equations that are the sum or difference of two cubes: a3 b3 = 0 Equations of this form factor as ( a b ) a2 ab + b2 = 0
To solve this, set each factor equal to zero and solve. (Use the Quadratic Formula for the quadratic factor.)
Cubic Equations
Example: Solve 8x3 + 125 = 0 ( 2x ) + 53 = 0
3
2x + 5 = 0 2x = 5 5 x= 2 x=
10
( 10) 4( 4 )(25)
2( 4 )