ENERGY ENGINEERING

4th Term, B.Sc. Chemical Engineering Session 2010 Delivered by: Mr. Usman Ali
Department of Chemical Engineering University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore

THE SUN
The original source of most energy resources.

Plants store the suns energy

through photosynthesis. Animals then eat the plants.

Natural gas Oil

The Sun
The original source of most energy resources. biomass food waves Wind Coal

Minerals: Building blocks of rocks

Definition of a mineral:
Naturally occurring Inorganic solid Ordered internal molecular structure Definite chemical composition

Definition of a rock:
A solid aggregate or mass of minerals

Mineral Definitive Properties

Made of an element or a chemical compound Definitive chemical composition Orderly, regular repeating internal atomic arrangement, crystalline structure Made of inorganic solids Formed by geologic processes

Mineral Diagnostic Properties

Color and streak Luster Crystal form Cleavage

Hardness
Special properties (taste, smell, feel, tenacity, reaction to acid, magnetism)

Major Rock Types

Igneous Rocks that solidified from magma SEDIMENTARY ROCKS accumulation and subsequent consolidation of sediments Metamorphic rocks when other rocks are subjected to heat and pressure
Minerals

Energy Sources, Resources and Demand

World Energy Supply

World Energy Supply

World Energy Supply

World Energy Supply

World Energy Consumption

Global energy usage

http://inflationdata.com/inflation/inflation_rate/historical_oil_prices_table.asp

Global energy usage

Global energy usage

South-Asia Regional Energy Markets and River Linking

Energy the lifeline of economic development. Pakistan is the poorest of the poor as far as energy consumption for capital is concerned. Per capita energy consumption, is one of the indicator of Industrial development and quality of life of a country. Pakistan has 14 Million BTUs as compared to 92 Million BTUs of Malaysia and 34 Million BTUs for China. Per Capita electrical consumption per year of Pakistan is 470kWh, & of Malaysia is 2,708 & of Singapore is 6,775 kWh

Electrical Power Generation Plan

Technology and information Barriers.

We lack knowledge & information about the technology of power. Strategy to achieve five Es E----- Education E----- Energy E----- Employment E----- Equity E----- Enterprise

and Micro Hydel Plants

Suitable human resource development to fulfill the energy growth requirements

Primary Energy Over View of Pakistan

Oil Reserves in Pakistan

http://oilshow.org/pakhis.htm

Gas Reserves in Pakistan

Coal Reserves in Pakistan

Energy Consumption in Pakistan

Coal
Some historians believe that coal was first used commercially in China. There are reports that a mine in northeastern China provided coal for smelting copper around 1000 BC. The improvement of the steam engine by James Watt, patented in 1769, was largely responsible for the growth in coal use. Coal was used to produce gas for gas lights in many cities. This process of coal gasification saw the growth in gas lights across metropolitan areas at the beginning of the 19th century, particularly in London. The use of coal gas in street lighting was eventually replaced with the emergence of the modern electric era.

Continued History
With the development of electric power in the 19th century, coals future became closely tied to electricity generation. The first practical coal-fired electric generating station, developed by Thomas Edison, which went into operation in New York City in 1882, supplied electricity for household lights. With the huge rise in transportation, oil finally overtook coal as the largest source of primary energy in the 1960s.

Uses
In the 1300s, Native Americans used coal for cooking, making clay pots, and heating. Wood charcoal had long been used to provide fuel in England, but in the 18th century it was discovered that coal burned cleaner and hotter. Coal was used during the Industrial Revolution, when demands for energy sources increased. Coal was used to fuel steam-powered trains and in the production of weapons during the American Civil War About one hundred years ago in the US, it was used for heating homes, generating electricity, powering railroads and boats, and fueling factories. Coal production has increased by more than 70% since 1970.

uses continued
Energy Usage

Coal provided 25% of global energy needs in 2005 and 40% of the worlds electricity 9 of 10 tons of coal mined in the US is used to generate electricity. About 56% of the electricity is coal-generated electricity. Industries use coal to make chemicals, cement, paper, and metal products, Methanol and ethylene, made from coal gas, are used to make products such as plastics, medicines, fertilizers, and tar.