High Temperature Conductors

Sterlite Technologies Limited

Disclaimer
Certain words and statements in this communication concerning Sterlite Technologies Limited and its prospects, and other statements relating to Sterlite Technologies expected financial position, business strategy, the future development of Sterlite Technologies operations and the general economy in India & global markets, are forward looking statements. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause actual results, performance or achievements of Sterlite Technologies Limited, or industry results, to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on numerous assumptions regarding Sterlite Technologies present and future business strategies and the environment in which Sterlite Technologies Limited will operate in the future.

The important factors that could cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from such forward-looking statements include, among others, changes in government policies or regulations of India and, in particular, changes relating to the administration of Sterlite Technologies industry, and changes in general economic, business and credit conditions in India.
Additional factors that could cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from such forward-looking statements, many of which are not in Sterlite Technologies control, include, but are not limited to, those risk factors discussed in Sterlite Technologies various filings with the National Stock Exchange, India and the Bombay Stock Exchange, India. These filings are available at www.nseindia.com and www.bseindia.com

A growing need for efficient power transmission networks .

With increased private participation in power generation, transmission & distribution in

India, alongside that of legacy incumbents, there is a robust demand for bare overhead power conductors.

The evident challenge is:

(a) To transmit more power over existing lines and

(b) Development of more efficient power conductors for new lines.

Building of efficient power transmission systems is a national priority.

3

Innovative solutions for efficient power transmission systems

Increasing demand for Electrical Power Generation & Transmission, but..

Very high cost to install new Power lines. Difficulty in acquiring Tower sites Right of way .
Time involved in constructing new Power lines.

Usage of High Temperature Low Sag (HTLS) Conductors

Provision for future contingencies

Capacity Enhancement: Transmission Line

Higher Voltage Trans. System
Capacity Enhancement Bundle Conductor Size Up

Conductor

Advanced Material

AL59 TACSR ACSS STACIR

Hence, Shift From ACSR to HTLS

High current carrying capacity Ampacity Low Sag-Tension Property

Conductor Cost Low Line loss

Economics
HTLS Conductors

Sag-Tension

Easy & rapid installation

Long Term reliability

Reliability

Installation

High Ampacity Conductors

Low Resistance Conductors
AL59 Alloy Conductors 1120 Alloy Conductors EHC Alloy

Dull Surface Finish

Dull Conductor Colored Conductors

High Temperature (HTLS) Conductors

ACSS (Aluminium Conductor Steel Supported) TACSR (Thermal Alloy Conductor Steel Re-inforced) STACIR (Super thermal Aluminium Conductor Invar

Reinforced)
ACCC (Aluminium Conductor Composite Core) ACCR (Aluminium Conductor Composite Reinforced)

Specialty materials. Superior performance.

A range of specialty alloys offer superior thermal resistance that improves the efficiency in high current transmission.
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AL59 Conductor
26% to 31% more current carrying capacity as that of ACSR of the same size, while maximum sag remains the same & working tension is lesser than that of ACSR. Resistivity is substantially lesser than that of ACSR/AAAC conductors, resulting in lower I2R losses. Higher corrosion resistance than 6201 alloy series (AAAC).

* Source: CPRI Report on AL59 Conductor vide Study on AL59 Conductor at CPRI Laboratory, Bangalore.

Higher Current Carrying Capacity AL59

1600

1400

Amperes

1200

ACSR Alloy AL-59 Alloy1120 EHC

1000

800

600 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Degrees C

AL-59 provides Higher Ampacity

ACSS Aluminium Conductor Steel Supported

CONSTRUCTION:
ACSS Aluminium wires are manufactured from Annealed Aluminium 1350 wires. The conductor comprises of an inner core of Galfan (Zn 5% Al Mischmetal) coated steel wire and concentrically arranged annealed Aluminium strands forming the outer layers of the conductor

APPLICATION:
ACSS Conductors are used for both up gradation and for new power transmission and distribution lines.

Annealed Aluminium 1350 wire

Fully annealed Aluminium is having lower yield strength, resulting into inelastic elongation in Aluminium wire when tension is applied on a composite conductor.

Annealed Aluminium wire can operate continuously up to 2500C without any loss in strength

Properties

HAL (Hard drawn 1350 Al) 160 61

Annealed Aluminium 1350 60 63

When stressed, the complete conductor Aluminium elongates and transfers all the load to steel core
Lower compressive forces between annealed Aluminium and Steel Core enables higher self damping capacity because of this increased elongation in annealed Aluminium

Tensile Strength in (Mpa) Conductivity %IACS

% Elongation
Conductor Ampacity

1.2 to 2
ACSR 1X

25 to 30
ACSS 2X

Generally for ACSS Conductor mfg, bobbins in stranding machine are to be kept with minimum tension. Sterlite adopted a new annealing process which enables to run the machine at same tension.

Mischmetal Steel Wire

The Mishmetal Coating on the steel core can withstand for continuous operating temperature upto 2500C

Mechanical and physical properties of Mishmetal steel wire are similar to that of the galvanized steel wires

Properties Tensile Strength in (Mpa) % Elongation Continuous temperature at which coating withstands (Deg C) Conductor

Galvanized Steel 1410 4 150

Galfan Steel 1410 4 250

Corrosion resistance of Mishmetal steel wires are better than that of galvanized steel wires
ASTM B 802 and B 803 were developed in 1989 defining requirement of the core wire using this different coating

ACSR

ACSS

TACSR Thermal Alloy Conductor Steel Reinforced

CONSTRUCTION:
Thermal-resistant Aluminum-alloy Conductor, Steel Reinforced (TACSR) conductors wherein the inner core is composed of galvanized steel and the outer layers are composed of thermal-resistant aluminum-alloy.

APPLICATION:
TACSR conductors are used to enhance the capacity of the existing transmission line by simply replacing the existing conductor without any modifications to the tower. Also used for new lines where power transfer requirement is very high.

STACIR Super Thermal Alloy Conductor Invar Reinforced

CONSTRUCTION:
Super thermal alloy (STAL) are manufactured from Al-Zr (Aluminium Zirconium) alloy rods. The conductor comprises of an inner core of Aluminium clad Invar (36%Ni in steel) and concentrically arranged STAL strands forming the outer layers of the conductor

APPLICATION:
STACIR/AW conductors is preferred for re-conductoring applications. The capacity of the existing transmission line can be enhanced by simply replacing the existing conductor without any modifications to the tower.
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Thermal Alloy (s)

Super thermal alloy contains Zr which deposits over the grain boundary of Aluminium, thus increasing the recrystalisation temperature of Aluminium which enables STAL to operate at high temperature without any loss in strength.

Properties

HAL (Hard drawn 1350 Al) 160 61

TAL (Thermal Alloy Al-Zr) 160 60

STAL (Super Thermal Alloy Al-Zr) 160 60

Tensile Strength in (Mpa) Conductivity %IACS

Continuous Operating Temperature

Emergency Operating Temperature Conductor Ampacity

80

150

210

120 ACSR 1X

180 TACSR 1.5X

280 STACIR 2X

Inner Core TACSR & STACIR

STACIR is designed with Aluminium clad invar having low thermal co-efficient of expansion at 2100C which enables it to maintain the SAG equal to equivalent ACSR. TACSR can be designed with STC 6 core to maintain the sag equal to ACSR, even while it operate at 1500C. Properties Galvanized Steel Galvanized Steel (ST6 C) 1700 8 Aluminium Clad Invar 1184 14

Tensile Strength in (Mpa)

Conductivity %IACS

1226 8

Linear Coefficient of Expansion

Young's Modulus (Kg/mm2) Conductor Ampacity

11.5x10-6

11.5x10-6

3.7x10-6

21000 ACSR 1X

21000 TACSR 1.5X

15500 STACIR 2X

Technical Comparison:
Particulars ACSR Moose
AL59 (ACSR Moose Equivalent) Al 59 Alloy wires ACSS (ACSR Moose Equivalent) Annealed Aluminium Wires ST6 C/ST 1A Galvanized steel wire 54TAL/3.513 mm 7st/3.513 mm 31.62 591 14271 1983 0.05477 1950 TACSR (ACSR Moose Equivalent) Heat Resistance Al Alloy ST6 C 54TAL/3.53 mm + 7st/3.53 mm 31.77 597 18043 2004 0.05651 1650 STACIR (ACSR Moose Equivalent) Super Thermal Aluminium alloy Aluminium Clad Invar wire 54STAL/3.53 mm 7Invar/3.53 mm 31.77 597 15549 1956 0.05409 2078

Aluminum type

EC 1350 ST1 A Galvanized Steel 54Al/3.53 mm 7st/3.53 mm 31.77 597 16184 2004 0.05595 876

Core type Stranding (Aluminum / Core) Diameter (mm) Cross section area (mm2) Minimum breaking load as per ST6C Core (kgf) Weight (kg/km) DC resistance (Ohm/km) Current carrying capacity (Amperes) Maximum continuous operating temperature (0C)

Al 59 Alloy wires

61Al/3.52 mm
31.68 593 14576 1640 0.0501 1098

85

95

250

150

210

Use of High Ampacity conductors can result in saving in CAPEX

Technical Comparison: Current Carrying Capacity

Particulars
Current Carrying Capacity (Amperes) Current Carrying Capacity (Twin) Current Carrying Capacity (Quad) Same Current Construction Total Conductor Weight (Per Circuit) Savings in Weight (%)

ACSR Moose
876 1752 3504 Quad 24048 -

ACSS (ACSR Moose Equivalent) 1950 3900 7800 Twin 11898 50%

Manufacturing Capability - Sterlite

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Sterlite In-house Facility HTLS Conductors

Aluminium / STAL Rods Rolling Mill Precise High Speed Wire Drawing Machines Furnace for Aging / Annealing (ACSS) 61 Rigid Strander (with Auto Batch loading system) for Higher Transmission Sizes 05 Rolling Mill 17 Wire Drawing Machines 03 Ageing Furnace 01 Anealing Furnace 08 61 Rigid Strander 03 37 Strander 02 19 Strander 08 Skip Strander High Speed Skip 7 Strander for Distribution Sizes 19 Rigid Strander 37 Rigid Strander for Medium Transmission Sizes

Special Features
State of the art Properzi Rolling Mill with computerized process control and hence precise and accurate product.

Auto Tension devices for each bobbin of the Rigid Stranders.

High Speed Stranding @ 40 to 50meter/min

Inbuilt Conductor automatic Greasing System

Special designed machine for making Dull Conductors

In-house facility/technology for making STAL alloy

New Products Developed

Product Special properties/ Usage High conductivity and high strength compared to 6201 AAAC Strength in-between 6201 AAAC and AAC and conductivity nearly equal to E.C grade Super high conductivity and Super high strength compared to 6201 AAAC Aluminium clad steel instead of galvanized steel which increases the current carrying capacity of the conductor compared to ACSR Approved / Type tested at

AAAC ASTER 570 (61/3.45mm)

EDF,France

Al 59 (61/4.02)

JPOWER,Japan

E.H.C AAAC Araucaria (61/4.17)

SAG,Germany

ACSR/AS Dove (26Al/3.71+7St/2.89)

JPOWER, Japan

1120 Sulfur Conductor (61/3.75mm)

Strength in-between 6201 AAAC and AAC and conductivity nearly equal to E.C grade

SAG, Germany

5/20/2010

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New Products Developed.. Continued..

Product

Special properties/ Usage For Uprating Lines; can operate up to 210 Deg C

Approved / Type tested at

STACIR Moose

Kinertics Canada

ACSS Curlew

For Uprating and New Lines; can operate up to 250 DegC

Tag Corporation, Chennai

TACSR

For Uprating Lines; can operate up to 250 DegC

Tag Corporation, Chennai

Summary

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Benefits in performance and costs

For re-conductoring:
Enhanced current carrying capacity.

No modification / reinforcement to existing towers.

Cost effectiveness.

For new lines:

Enhanced current carrying capacity. Reduction in overall capital expenditure.

Reduction in overall operating expenditure

Higher corrosion resistance. Shorter project duration.

CBIP

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Sterlites offerings: Diverse range of applications

NEW LINES AL59 1120 TACSR ACSS

RECONDUCTORING
AL59 1120 TACSR ACSS STACIR

Other New Solutions: Dull, TW, Gap Type Conductors

3rd Annual Conference on Power Transmission in India

27

Thank You
Connecting every home on the planet

Workshop on
Latest Technologies in Power Transmission Sector

Organised By CBIP 20th May, 2010

Fault Location Session

Travelling Wave System (TWS)
By Sudhanshu Gupta

What are we doing?

Double ended accurate fault location system for interconnected transmission lines Permanent and Intermittent Faults

X
X X X

X X

>100KV

TWS

DSFL

Typical Application

Categories of Fault
Faults can be divided into three types
Permanent faults normally rare but need finding and fixing fast Intermittent faults can be re-closed but can occur again. Eg damaged insulation, vegetation Transient faults can be re-closed. Caused by random events eg lightning, bush fires. Intermittent and transient faults were not taken too seriously but there is an increasing awareness over power quality and system stability issues that are driving a need to reduce the number of line trips.
You need accurate fault location to find these faults

The need for fault location

It is generally accepted that accurate fault location on overhead lines is necessary at transmission voltages (>100KV) to: Reduce downtime Allow the implementation of preventive maintenance at known trouble spots to avoid further trips and voltage dips Reduce costs and manpower requirements no need for multiple line patrols or use of helicopters. Minimises extra costs involved in maintaining system security during the plant outage. The traditional methods of fault location have been based on impedance techniques now commonly incorporated in digital relays and fault recorders.

Problems with Impedance

Impedance techniques have been used for the past 35 years. They are now conveniently available in digital protection relays and fault recorders. Problems arise when: The fault arc is unstable The fault resistance is high and fed from both ends Circuits run parallel for only part of the route

Accuracy is dependent on: PT and CT response

The assumption that the line is symmetrical A lumped equivalent circuit used in the algorithms Filtering of harmonics and DC offsets more difficult with reduced data window caused by faster clearance times (5 cycles or less) Line parameters

Accuracy of Impedance
Typically 1 to 20% of line length but it can be worse depending on fault type.
Phase to phase faults give best performance. Phase to earth faults with high fault resistance can result in large errors. Actual error increases with line length. Compensation required for mutual coupling on double circuit lines Compensation required for end source impedance.

On a 200Km line the error could be from 2Km to 40Km

There is a need for a better system

Application of TWS (Traveling wave system)

Best on interconnected overhead lines Uses a double ended technique to allow automatic calculation and display of fault position Accuracy not affected by the factors that cause problems to impedance methods Accuracy not affected by line length Works for all types of faults including open circuit faults Works on series compensated lines, lines with tapped loads, lines with lengths of underground cable and teed circuits

Double Ended Method of TWS Fault Location

T1A
A

The distance to fault is proportional to the difference in arrival time (T1A T1B), the length of line (La+Lb) and the propagation velocity

La

Fault

Lb

Traveling waves generated by the fault propagate along the line in both directions

TWS devices installed at line ends trigger on the arrival of the wave and assign an accurate time tag

T1B

La = [(La+Lb) + (T1A-T1B).v] / 2 V for air insulation = 300m/s

How it works

TWS Accuracy
Time stamp accurate to 1s

It is fortunate and somewhat convenient that at the speed of light, one micro-second equals 300 m (975 feet) It is fortunate and somewhat convenient that 300 m (975 feet) equals the average span length on a transmission line.

The result is repeatable fault location within 1 tower / span on all types of fault. Measurements from both ends gives accuracy 150m

TWS Implementation

TWS Implementation

Secondary clamp on sensors Install while energized No line outage required

TWS Implementation

TWS Implementation

Example of Distance to Fault Results from our PAD software

Result from Malaysia

Automatic DTF Calculation using Double Ended Type D Method via TWS Base Station 2000 software

TWS Fault Location to One Span - Works Even When Impedance Methods have Large Errors
Send the repair teams to the right place. Minimize search time and reduce expensive downtime
What is the actual cost of inaccuracy?

TWS accuracy in all types of weather

Works in fog and at night when helicopters cannot

Why risk multiple line patrols over dangerous terrain when you can go straight to the spot?

TWS One span accuracy locates damaged insulators

Question:
A structure experienced 4 self-clearing faults in 1 year. Is it in the best interest of your company and reliability to visually inspect that structure for damage that may eventually result Question: a non-clearing fault? in A structure experienced 4 self-clearing faults in 1 year. Is it in the best interest of your company and reliability to visually inspect that structure for damage that may Not possible to pinpoint damage with impedance methods eventually result in a non-clearing fault? due to inconsistency of results and variable errors

TWS Accurate enough to locate fault damage

caused by bird streamers

Assess damage and organise repairs

One span accuracy tracks down tree problems

Go straight to cause of problem to take remedial action and avoid further trips

TWS accuracy pinpoints lightning faults

Compare lightning strike information from the IEEE Fault And Lightning Location System (FALLStm) against exact TWS fault location to: Confirm lightning is fault cause: The TWS trigger was caused by an actual lightning strike on the line Confirm lightning is not the fault cause: The TWS trigger was caused by induced lightning activity, but not a direct hit

Vital information when deciding whether to reclose a line

Track faults from ground fires

Compare GPS fire coordinates against exact TWS fault location to: Confirm ground fire is fault cause Confirm ground fire is not fault cause

Vital information when deciding whether to reclose a line

Can the TWS be used as a single ended fault locator?

NO except under special circumstances
The line being monitored is very short compared to the other lines connected to the busbar The transmission system is very simple minimising the number of reflections

Even with the above the operator must be skilled at interpreting TWS waveforms and be prepared that sometimes they will get a wrong answer!

We only promote the TWS as a double ended system

Measurement of line length

The TWS is triggered by energising a dead line The waveform is analysed and line length measured by identifying a reflection from the far open circuit end A good method to check the length of the line including sags and changes in elevation Known as a Type E test

A precise line length checks improves TWS fault location accuracy and maximises the benefits

Type E Method for confirming line length

END A

Often used on a trial to show the system is working Far end must be open and isolated (mechanical break with a disconnector)

L1

L2

Closing the circuit breaker at End B to energise the dead line launches a wave that reflects from the far open circuit end
x
T2

END B

Line Length = [T2 x v]/2

Result from Nigeria

Type E Test Line re-energised from TWS1 end with far end of line open and isolated

TWS Deployment General Rules

TWS must be located at a substation where more than one line is connected to the busbar if linear couplers are used.

= TWS line module (current)

TWS can be located at a line end but the voltage component of the wave must be monitored, not the current
= TWS line module (voltage)

= TWS line module (current)

TWS Deployment General Rules

Only allow a maximum of one tee connection between two TWSs

One T only
= TWS line module (current)

Remember a TWS system must have a good comms infrastructure for practical double ended operation

Two types of substations

Centralised Relay Room Good for TWS LC connection <25m All relay panels in one room adjacent to each other Distributed Relay Rooms Good for DSFL Central services control, comms, batteries

Secondary wiring

Wiring for Indications

X
Relays

X
Relays

X
Relays

Results Analysis 3 x Software Sets

NFE configures TWS network Saves files to TWSBase2000

TWS Base2000 manual connection to TWS devices. Download, save, display and analyse index files and waveforms. Calculation of DTF Communications to TWS PAD automatically polls DSFL devices, calculates and displays DTF results. Logs comms errors and GPS lock issues TWS

PAD software - Fast, Automatic Listing of Exact Fault Position

Results displayed shortly after a line trip no operator intervention required No need to wait for a protection engineer to analyze the data Results emailed to maintenance departments to get repair crews moving faster. Option to terminate polling and get results from a single circuit on demand after a line trip in 4 clicks The health status of the fleet of TWS can be seen at a glance

Results available where and when they are needed without the intervention of skilled operators

Simplified display of Distance to Fault Results

Results automatically displayed shortly after a line trip providing vital information for the decision to reclose

Structure ID can be imported and displayed

Simplified Display of System Alarms

Allows communication problems to be quickly identified so they can be rectified. Provides details of the integrity of the GPS time synchronization to warn of intermittent or more serious problems

Network File Editor a tool to configure a TWS fault location system

A graphical user interface (GUI) to configure a fleet of TWS devices Can create a new network of devices or edit an existing one Can define circuits of a given line length by mapping a TWS line module at one line end with another at the opposite line end Circuits can be two or three ended (that is containing one tee) Communication mode, ethernet or modem, and contact details easily set for each device Link to TWS Base Station software to immediately start using new configuration
Simple, fast method of setting up or editing a TWS network without the need for specialist knowledge

TWS Installed Base

Approximately 1000 units have been sold to date to 70 Utilities in 30 Countries. 237 units in USA & Canada (23 Companies) 180 units in Africa (S. Africa, Namibia, Nigeria) 100 units in the UK 115 units in the Far East (Malaysia, HK, Indonesia, Vietnam) 100 units in Western Europe (France, Spain) 70 units in Australia & New Zealand 55 units in S. America (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina) 30 units in Scandinavia & Baltic countries.

Users by Type
Transmission greater than 100KV Interconnected substations Long lines greater than 100Km Difficult terrain with access problems Prone to bad weather lightning, rain, gales Poor maintenance record more faults Heavily loaded lines - line trips have bigger impact

New Generation Conductors

Transmission of Electric Energy

Short History
& Development of Bare High Voltage Overhead Lines (Bare OHC)

Important Conditions for Bare OHC

Ampacity SAG Tension on the towers Tension in the conductor Temperature of the conductor Boundary conditions

History Bare OHC

Since beginning all conductors were made of
Copper or Copper Alloys

Reasons:
Good Conductivity Availability

Materials of Bare OHC

Material Density
g/cm3 Copper Aluminium Steel Alloy Invar 8.9 2.7 7.8 2.7 7.1

Conductivity
% IACS 100 61 9 52 14-23

Tensile Strength
MPa 450 165 1600 325 1310 1170

CTE
X 10 -6 / Co 17 23 11.5 23 3.7

AAC All Aluminium Conductors

Advantages:
Better Conductivity per unit of weight strung. (Less tension on towers)

Disadvantages:
Loses 60% of its strength when overloaded. Has in absolute value less reserve in strength to overcome wind and ice loading.

Continuous improvement in Bare OHC

ACSR
Good Conductivity 53.0 % IACS* Moderate Corrosion Resistance

AAAC 6201

AL-59

TACSR

Moderate Better Conductivity Moderate Conductivity Conductivity 52.5% 59% IACS* 52 % IACS* IACS* Better Corrosion Better Resistance Resistance Corrosion Moderate Resistance Corrosion

Better Strength to Better Strength to Weight Ratio Weight Ratio Better Strength Tensile Good Tensile Strength
Typical Application Transmission and Distribution applications in corrosive environments, ACSR replacement.

Good Strength to Weight Ratio Moderate Strength

Better Strength to Weight Ratio

Tensile Better Tensile Strength

Typical Application Transmission and Distribution High Ampacity applications in noncorrosive environments, ACSR replacement.

Typical Application Commonly used for both transmission and distribution circuits.

Typical Application Transmission and Distribution High Ampacity applications in corrosive environments, ACSR replacement.

* International Annealed Copper Standard for conductivity

An Overview of Bare Overhead Transmission Conductors

Categories of Overhead Conductors

Homogeneous Conductors
AAC All Aluminum Conductor AAAC All Aluminum Alloy conductor

Non - Homogeneous Conductors

ACSR ACSR/AW All Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced All Aluminum Conductor Al. Clad Steel Reinforced TACSR Thermal Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced TACSR/AW Thermal Aluminum Conductor Cl. Steel Reinforced TACIR/AW Thermal Aluminum Conductor Cl. Invar Reinforced AACSR All Aluminum Alloy Conductor Steel Reinforced ACAR All Aluminum Conductor Al. Alloy Reinforced ACSS All Aluminum Conductor Steel Supported

Limitations of Present Transmission System

The present Transmission System is overloaded due to Economic Expansion (Commercial, Industrial and Residential) Max. Op. Temp with Existing ACSR Conductors 85 0C Very High cost to install new Transmission Lines. Very difficult to acquire Right of Way (ROW). Time constraint for new Transmission Lines. Objections from inhabitants to construct new T/L.

Solution: New Generation Conductors ...

New Generation Conductors Options Available with Apar Industries Limited

High Ampacity Alloy Conductors

AAAC 6201, 6101 AAAC 1120 AL-57, AL-59
Defined as per Swedish specification & EN Specification.

Thermal Resistant Alloy (TAL)

Defined as per IEC, & ASTM Specification.

Defined as per IEC, Defined as per ASTM, BS, NFC, Australian EN, CSA Specification. Specification.
Popularly in use @ Countries: France, Bangladesh, India, North and East Africa, Middle East, USA so on

Popularly in use @ Popularly in use @ Popularly in use @ Countries: Countries: Countries: Australia & New Norway, Sweden, South and East Asia, Zealand India so on Nigeria, Middle East Asia, Europe so on

Up rating of Transmission System

Yes, New No,
Re -Conductoring Transmission Lines

Ground clearance is enough?

High Ampacity Alloy Conductors

TAL with Al. Clad Invar Core. i.e. for PGCIL ReConductoring Tender we have offered TACIR/AW 388 sq mm against ACSR Moose

Power Txfer Requirements

More than 30%
Up to 30%
Al-59 AAA 1120

Thermal Resistance Al. Alloy Conductor

TACIR/AW & TACIR/TW/AW, GAP type Conductors

TACSR, TACSR/EST, TACSR/AW, TACSR/TW

Summary
TACSR family Conductor has 60+ % more ampacity of ACSR Conductors.

TACSR/TW Conductor has more than 70+% more ampacity of conventional ACSR type. TACIR/TW Conductor has equivalent sag-tension properties as conventional ACSR type.

Conventional fittings and accessories for ACSR can be used for TAL Conductors except compression fittings
Same installation method as conventional ACSR is applied for TALConductors

TAL Conductors has high long-term reliability with strong track record

Use AL-59 & TACSR for New Lines and TACIR/AW & GAP Conductor for Re-Conductoring

Greetings & Welcome

Presented by :
Workshop on latest technologies on power transmission sector: CBIP New Delhi 20th MAY 2010

M N RAVINARAYAN & N R DHAR

Dated on :

20-05-2010

Transmission line Signature Analysis.

- ECG OF TRANSMISSION LINES

- a necessity

1. Reduction of downtime
It is imperative on the part of Transmission line operator to eliminate patrolling as far as practicable, reduce downtime, labour and transportation cost . It is, therefore, necessary that accurate & re-confirmed information is obtained before commencing patrolling or sending team to the spot, on the instant information.

On-line fault locators today give data of instant information of distance to faults with varying accuracy regarding location of fault in a transmission line.
A reconfirmation with an Line Signature Analysis study is preferable to accurately locate the prolonged presence of fault in order to send teams to pinpointed fault location & repair the same to reduce downtime.

2. Safe recharging of lines

Line Signature Analysis study prior to recharging, after the line repair, reveals healthiness of line or indicates persistence of faults in the event of a multiple fault condition. This will avoid stress conditions on the terminal equipments, relays and eventual line/system tripping, as the line can be declared faulty without charging.

3. Predictive Maintenance
Line Signature study of a transmission line (Line healthiness study or ECG of a transmission line) can predict developing fault locations e.g. weak jumpers, leaky insulators etc on the line indicating various degrees (immediate/2nd & 3rd preference etc) of weakness of the line. Thus a planned maintenance schedule can be programmed to avoid forced outage of any line. This helps in reducing the downtime of the line to a greater extent.

4. Line pre-commissioning tests

Line Signature Analysis study is also most useful tool for precommissioning tests for a newly constructed Transmission Line. Line Signature scans the entire line and provides documentation on the lines readiness for charging. Decision for charging a new Transmission line can be taken based on this Line Signature study.

5. Accurate data independent of operating parameters

The Signature Analysis does not require any presetting of line data, no additional attachments interfering with the substation/power station terminal equipments. The Line Signature Analysis study is not influenced either by any effect due to dynamic behavior of the transmission line that may be encountered when the transmission line is in charged condition or by any data of line, conductors, geometry of towers, GPS positioning etc. This is considered an ideal situation for study of line condition.

6. Historical data for asset management

Line Signature Analysis provides historical data on the entire line, its weakness/improvement, which can be useful for comparison with subsequent data for monitoring the transmission line condition at any given point of time for planning preventive maintenance.

7. Data for Relay system

Feeding a correct data of a transmission line for on-line / Relay system is essential. Length of a line constitutes an important factor for input data of ONLINE / Relay system. The Signature Analysis on application to a line provides accurate line length and hence helps improve accurate functioning of on-line / Relay system.

8. A backup
Line Signature Analysis can be used as a back up of on-line systems in the event of system failure. Various components are responsible for measurement by on-line system whereas Line Signature Analysis is an in-dependant system.

TAURUS EHT 1250 MAX-3 FAULT ANALYSER SYSTEM

UTILITY
1. Used for FAULT LOCATION

2. Used for Predictive Maintenance

3. Used for Precharging verification 4. Used for Pre-commissioning of EHT lines

The MAX-3 Digi Scan -- Salient features..

1. Portable offline system with in-built re-chargeable battery. Housed in IP67 pelican casing. 2. Complete fault Information in direct reading digital display

3. Complete Line Healthiness Study.

4. Can be used in any line EHT line from 66kV to 1250 kV. 5. Requires no parameter input. Extremely simple operation 6. Accuracy of +/- 100 meters through out the range of 1000 KM. 7. Direct PC storage and printout. 8. Optimum safety. Complete suppression of induction voltage 9. All the functionalities of the system can be tested with the EHT line Simulator.

10. Economical Investment one single system is sufficient for the entire station and applied to any EHT line from 66kV to 1250kV.

A look at

ECG OF TRANSMISSION LINES

- The LINE SIGNATURE ANALYSIS

GOOD LINE

NORMAL LINE

BAD LINE

GOOD LINE

NORMAL LINE

BAD LINE

A look at - All the in-homogeneous present on your EHV line

B PHASE OPEN :- PROGRESSIVE GAIN HIGHLIGHTS 06 4:43:15 PM :- 400 KV Mysore - Neelamangala ckt1

A1 [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] 135.8[3]

A2 [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] 135.8[8]

A3 [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] 135.9[8]

A4 [] [] 012.3[1] [] [] 026.1[1] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] 135.9[8]

A5 [] [] 012.3[3] [] 022.3[3] 026.2[3] [] [] 036.0[1] [] [] [] 050.7[1] [] [] 060.3[1] [] [] [] [] 086.3[1] [] [] [] [] [] 118.7[1] [] [] 135.8[8]

A6 002.0[8] 004.5[8] 012.2[6] 020.6[3] 022.2[5] 025.9[7] 029.3[3] 035.6[3] [] 039.6[2] 046.4[3] 047.0[3] 050.5[3] 051.2[1] 056.6[3] 060.4[3] 065.9[3] 069.2[2] 078.7[2] 085.6[1] 086.3[3] 090.6[2] 096.7[3] 097.3[3] 102.6[2] 112.7[1] 118.7[4] 124.0[1] 126.6[1] 135.8[8]

Remarks X X B X B A X X X X X X C X X C X X X X C X X X X X C X X E

Case Studies

Decapping FAULT AT 69 KM IN B PHASE

DECAPPING FAULT

SHORT CIRCUIT FAULT AT 112 KM IN Y PHASE

SHORT CIRCUIT FAULT

Thank you